Caste & and gender discrimination
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The document discusses several social issues in India, including the caste system, social class differences, and gender bias. It notes that the caste system established a hierarchy and division of labor but promoted certain crafts and occupations. However, caste discrimination is decreasing due to western influence, public opinion, and laws. It also describes social classes in India from rich to poor and the different opportunities and choices available to each. Finally, it outlines various forms of gender bias against women in Indian society, including neglect, domestic burdens, dowry practices, and lack of equal rights, pay, and educational opportunities compared to men.
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PATRIARCHY
Patriarchy refers to a social system where men hold primary power and predominate in roles of political leadership, moral authority, social privilege, and control of property. It is derived from the Greek words "patria" meaning father and "arkhos" meaning rule, referring to rule by the father. In a patriarchal system, men make all family and societal decisions, hold all positions of power and authority, and are viewed as superior. Property and titles are inherited through the male lineage. Patriarchal societies emphasize different roles and values for male and female children and historically focus more on male figures in areas like education, politics, and history.
Patriarchy PPt from James Joseph Adhikarathil
The document discusses the concept of patriarchy - the rule of fathers and male domination over women. It defines patriarchy from several feminist perspectives, including the view that it originated from the formation of private property and men's desire to control inheritance. The document also states that patriarchy is the root cause of problems in interpersonal relationships, families, religion, the workplace, education, politics, law and order. It concludes that patriarchy is the enemy of justice, equality and freedom.
Gender caste and class
The document discusses gender and caste in India. It notes that gender refers to social and cultural identities rather than biological sex. It outlines many issues women face in India, including inferior treatment, forced marriage, lack of education, domestic violence, low wages, and health issues. It suggests economic empowerment and education could help, as well as supporting victims and enforcing laws. The document also discusses the caste system's origins and the discrimination faced by Dalits. It advocates for Dalit empowerment, awareness, and minimizing social distance.
Gender studies introduction ppt
This document discusses gender studies and related topics. It defines gender as the range of characteristics pertaining to masculinity and femininity, which may include biological sex, social structures, or gender identity. Gender is socially learned behavior based on expectations of men and women. Gender studies is defined as the interdisciplinary study of gender identity and representation. Key topics covered include the differences between sex and gender, gender symbols, stereotypes and biases, and the importance of understanding gender to promote equality.
Religions, caste and class
Religions, caste, and class are the three main social phenomena in India. The caste system is based on varna and jati divisions and is characterized by its innate and hierarchical nature where one's caste determines status and occupation. Caste restricts food and marriage practices and maintains social control. Recent trends show changes in education, jobs, food, and marriage customs are challenging the caste system. In India, classes are divided into upper, middle, and lower in both rural areas defined by land ownership and in urban areas by occupations like capitalists, professionals, traders, and workers.
Patriarchy
In a patriarchal system, men hold all positions of power and authority in both the family and society. They make all decisions and are considered superior. Women have submissive roles and are not allowed to demonstrate independence or suggest changes to the social order. The system focuses power and uplifting men through values, rituals, traditions, laws, and institutions while oppressing women and telling them from birth that they are inferior and controllable.
Modernization
Modernization refers to the transition of a traditional society to a modern one. It involves changes across demographic, economic, political, communication, and cultural sectors. Some key aspects of modernization include the shift from rural agrarian societies to urban industrial ones, with individuals prioritized over families/communities. Traditional religious beliefs decline and cultural traits are lost. Modern societies are characterized by empathy, mobility based on merit over birth, high political participation, articulation and aggregation of interests through debates, institutionalized political competition, achievement motivation, rational decision making, new attitudes towards wealth and risk taking, and social/economic/political discipline with a focus on long term goals over short term gains.
Gender inequality
Gender inequality refers to disparities between individuals based on their gender. Gender is socially constructed through interactions and experiences as well as influenced by biological factors. Gender inequality has existed for centuries and continues today in many forms, such as female feticide, dowry practices, and discrimination against girls. Factors perpetuating inequality include illiteracy, child marriage, social evils like the dowry system, and preferential treatment of boys. There are many types of gender disparities including inequalities within families, in employment and professional opportunities, property ownership, household responsibilities, and access to higher education and training. Governments have taken steps to promote equal rights, education, employment programs, financial support organizations, and legal protections to address gender
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PATRIARCHY
Patriarchy refers to a social system where men hold primary power and predominate in roles of political leadership, moral authority, social privilege, and control of property. It is derived from the Greek words "patria" meaning father and "arkhos" meaning rule, referring to rule by the father. In a patriarchal system, men make all family and societal decisions, hold all positions of power and authority, and are viewed as superior. Property and titles are inherited through the male lineage. Patriarchal societies emphasize different roles and values for male and female children and historically focus more on male figures in areas like education, politics, and history.
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Gender caste and class
The document discusses gender and caste in India. It notes that gender refers to social and cultural identities rather than biological sex. It outlines many issues women face in India, including inferior treatment, forced marriage, lack of education, domestic violence, low wages, and health issues. It suggests economic empowerment and education could help, as well as supporting victims and enforcing laws. The document also discusses the caste system's origins and the discrimination faced by Dalits. It advocates for Dalit empowerment, awareness, and minimizing social distance.
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This document discusses gender studies and related topics. It defines gender as the range of characteristics pertaining to masculinity and femininity, which may include biological sex, social structures, or gender identity. Gender is socially learned behavior based on expectations of men and women. Gender studies is defined as the interdisciplinary study of gender identity and representation. Key topics covered include the differences between sex and gender, gender symbols, stereotypes and biases, and the importance of understanding gender to promote equality.
Religions, caste and class
Religions, caste, and class are the three main social phenomena in India. The caste system is based on varna and jati divisions and is characterized by its innate and hierarchical nature where one's caste determines status and occupation. Caste restricts food and marriage practices and maintains social control. Recent trends show changes in education, jobs, food, and marriage customs are challenging the caste system. In India, classes are divided into upper, middle, and lower in both rural areas defined by land ownership and in urban areas by occupations like capitalists, professionals, traders, and workers.
Patriarchy
In a patriarchal system, men hold all positions of power and authority in both the family and society. They make all decisions and are considered superior. Women have submissive roles and are not allowed to demonstrate independence or suggest changes to the social order. The system focuses power and uplifting men through values, rituals, traditions, laws, and institutions while oppressing women and telling them from birth that they are inferior and controllable.
Modernization
Modernization refers to the transition of a traditional society to a modern one. It involves changes across demographic, economic, political, communication, and cultural sectors. Some key aspects of modernization include the shift from rural agrarian societies to urban industrial ones, with individuals prioritized over families/communities. Traditional religious beliefs decline and cultural traits are lost. Modern societies are characterized by empathy, mobility based on merit over birth, high political participation, articulation and aggregation of interests through debates, institutionalized political competition, achievement motivation, rational decision making, new attitudes towards wealth and risk taking, and social/economic/political discipline with a focus on long term goals over short term gains.
Gender inequality
Gender inequality refers to disparities between individuals based on their gender. Gender is socially constructed through interactions and experiences as well as influenced by biological factors. Gender inequality has existed for centuries and continues today in many forms, such as female feticide, dowry practices, and discrimination against girls. Factors perpetuating inequality include illiteracy, child marriage, social evils like the dowry system, and preferential treatment of boys. There are many types of gender disparities including inequalities within families, in employment and professional opportunities, property ownership, household responsibilities, and access to higher education and training. Governments have taken steps to promote equal rights, education, employment programs, financial support organizations, and legal protections to address gender
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This document discusses social reform movements in India that aimed to modernize society. It describes the rational and secular outlook of 19th century reforms that provided an alternative to prevalent social practices. Reformers emphasized religious universalism to contend with the particularizing effects of casteism, which exploited lower castes. Key reforms targeted practices like polygamy, idolatry, untouchability and the infusion of new ways of life. Major Hindu reform movements included the Brahmo Samaj founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy to oppose practices like sati, polygamy and slavery. The Prarthana Samaj of M.G. Ranade sought reforms like abandoning caste and encouraging widow remarriage and female education
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- Women still earn only around 80 cents for every dollar earned by men.
- Women constitute a minority of seats in government, holding only 17% of congressional membership.
- Women's gains toward equality have been slow and not yet complete, as the Equal Rights Amendment has not been ratified.
- Women are over-represented in some occupations and under-represented in others.
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Marxist theory views capitalism as the basis for women's oppression. Under capitalism, men comprise the bourgeoisie class that owns the means of production, while women make up the proletariat class that must sell their labor. New forms of production allowed men to gain wealth and power, leading to the establishment of monogamous marriage and the patriarchal family structure. Marxist feminism argues that capitalism is the primary cause of women's oppression and aims to reform or abolish capitalism. Radical feminist theory views patriarchy and male domination of social roles and institutions as the fundamental cause of women's oppression. Radical feminists seek to completely eliminate patriarchy by transforming society and traditional gender roles.
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Patriarchy is a social system where males hold primary power and predominate in roles of political leadership, moral authority, social privilege and control of property. It is characterized by the strict definition of gender roles where women are seen as inferior and their work and roles are relegated to the domestic sphere. Patriarchal social norms pressure both men and women to conform to traditional gender stereotypes. While patriarchy still exists around the world, combating it requires promoting equality, holding all people accountable, supporting diverse expressions of masculinity, and teaching boys healthy emotional skills.
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The document discusses how patriarchy is prevalent in Indian society and negatively impacts women. It asserts that Indian tradition favors men and upper castes, and that from a young age girls are taught they are the "weaker sex" meant to follow men. Even women who achieve success face having to constantly prove themselves. The document argues that India needs feminism because of issues like gender imbalance, low rates of female employment and literacy, female infanticide and gender-based violence including domestic abuse and acid attacks. It suggests ways to combat patriarchy, such as promoting non-traditional models of masculinity, making men accountable, and ensuring women can stand on their own feet.
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- Gender refers to the socially constructed roles and behaviors of men and women, as opposed to sex which refers to biological differences.
- Patriarchy involves the control of women's productive labor, reproduction, sexuality, and property by men in society.
- Gender roles are expectations of how men and women should behave and the types of work they do in a society.
- Gender equality means equal status and opportunities for men and women, while gender equity recognizes different needs and may require different treatment.
- Women's empowerment involves increasing women's power and control over their lives through awareness, self-confidence, access to resources, and transforming discriminatory structures.
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This document discusses the caste system in India. It begins with defining caste and explaining the origin of the caste system in India, influenced by religions, rural social structures, and hereditary occupations. It then classifies the main castes in India - Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras - and their traditional roles. It outlines inequalities caused by the caste system, like violations of fundamental rights and lack of opportunities. It also discusses intergroup conflicts that arise from caste divisions, such as communal riots. It lists measures taken and laws passed in India to prohibit caste discrimination and promote equality. In conclusion, it recognizes that while the caste system is
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The caste system in India is characterized by many divisions in society where specific occupations are reserved for particular castes in a hierarchical structure. While the caste system provided division of labor and promoted crafts and culture, caste discrimination is disappearing due to influences like Western culture, legislation, and increased opportunities. However, inequality still exists in Indian society based on factors like income, wealth, gender, and access to education. Gender bias results in issues like neglect of girls, domestic burdens placed on women, and fewer opportunities and facilities for women in employment and education compared to men.
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This document discusses sociological aspects related to housing design. It defines families and society, and explains their relationship. Families form the foundation of society. Culture is described as the knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors of a society. The family plays a role in passing culture between generations. The document outlines some social and cultural changes to families in recent decades, including declining male authority and migration to urban areas. It also discusses forms of marriage, family classifications, regional characteristics in India, family structure, social stratification systems, and inequalities between individuals.
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Social reform movements in india
This document discusses social reform movements in India that aimed to modernize society. It describes the rational and secular outlook of 19th century reforms that provided an alternative to prevalent social practices. Reformers emphasized religious universalism to contend with the particularizing effects of casteism, which exploited lower castes. Key reforms targeted practices like polygamy, idolatry, untouchability and the infusion of new ways of life. Major Hindu reform movements included the Brahmo Samaj founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy to oppose practices like sati, polygamy and slavery. The Prarthana Samaj of M.G. Ranade sought reforms like abandoning caste and encouraging widow remarriage and female education
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This document discusses ongoing inequality between males and females in society. Some key points made include:
- Women still earn only around 80 cents for every dollar earned by men.
- Women constitute a minority of seats in government, holding only 17% of congressional membership.
- Women's gains toward equality have been slow and not yet complete, as the Equal Rights Amendment has not been ratified.
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Marxist theory views capitalism as the basis for women's oppression. Under capitalism, men comprise the bourgeoisie class that owns the means of production, while women make up the proletariat class that must sell their labor. New forms of production allowed men to gain wealth and power, leading to the establishment of monogamous marriage and the patriarchal family structure. Marxist feminism argues that capitalism is the primary cause of women's oppression and aims to reform or abolish capitalism. Radical feminist theory views patriarchy and male domination of social roles and institutions as the fundamental cause of women's oppression. Radical feminists seek to completely eliminate patriarchy by transforming society and traditional gender roles.
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Patriarchy is a social system where males hold primary power and predominate in roles of political leadership, moral authority, social privilege and control of property. It is characterized by the strict definition of gender roles where women are seen as inferior and their work and roles are relegated to the domestic sphere. Patriarchal social norms pressure both men and women to conform to traditional gender stereotypes. While patriarchy still exists around the world, combating it requires promoting equality, holding all people accountable, supporting diverse expressions of masculinity, and teaching boys healthy emotional skills.
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Gender is a social construct that defines social relationship between men and women. Women belong to the feminine gender because during the process of growing up, certain culturally constructed feminine traits are inculcated into them, right from the birth.
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The document discusses how patriarchy is prevalent in Indian society and negatively impacts women. It asserts that Indian tradition favors men and upper castes, and that from a young age girls are taught they are the "weaker sex" meant to follow men. Even women who achieve success face having to constantly prove themselves. The document argues that India needs feminism because of issues like gender imbalance, low rates of female employment and literacy, female infanticide and gender-based violence including domestic abuse and acid attacks. It suggests ways to combat patriarchy, such as promoting non-traditional models of masculinity, making men accountable, and ensuring women can stand on their own feet.
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The document discusses various concepts related to gender including:
- Gender refers to the socially constructed roles and behaviors of men and women, as opposed to sex which refers to biological differences.
- Patriarchy involves the control of women's productive labor, reproduction, sexuality, and property by men in society.
- Gender roles are expectations of how men and women should behave and the types of work they do in a society.
- Gender equality means equal status and opportunities for men and women, while gender equity recognizes different needs and may require different treatment.
- Women's empowerment involves increasing women's power and control over their lives through awareness, self-confidence, access to resources, and transforming discriminatory structures.
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This presentation is about women empowerment & gender discrimination. Here, I have added a lot of facts & figures.
I have tried to highlight all the problems & hurdles regarding this problem and also suggested some ideas that can overcome all these problems.
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How gender roles are constructed by society by giving different identity of masculinity and feminity.
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Gender Equality a very important topic of Gender School and Society by Dr Krishan Kant. this PPT covers all aspects of Gender Equality in easy language. a very useful topic for budding teachers & teacher educators.
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inequalities due to caste system
This document discusses the caste system in India. It begins with defining caste and explaining the origin of the caste system in India, influenced by religions, rural social structures, and hereditary occupations. It then classifies the main castes in India - Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras - and their traditional roles. It outlines inequalities caused by the caste system, like violations of fundamental rights and lack of opportunities. It also discusses intergroup conflicts that arise from caste divisions, such as communal riots. It lists measures taken and laws passed in India to prohibit caste discrimination and promote equality. In conclusion, it recognizes that while the caste system is
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Key concepts and links: What is gender?
Understanding how gender relations shape women’s and men’s lives is critical to disaster risk reduction (DRR). This is because women’s and men’s different roles, responsibilities, and access to resources influence how each will be affected by different hazards, and how they will cope with and recover from disaster. This presentation is part of Oxfam GB's Gender and Disaster Risk Reduction training pack available at www.oxfam.org.uk/genderdrrpack.
Chapter12and10 4thed3 141203112934-conversion-gate01
1) The passage discusses definitions of family from the US Census Bureau and sociologists, noting that sociologists define family more broadly to include non-nuclear families.
2) It describes how the traditional family structure in America has changed from extended families before the Industrial Revolution to nuclear families after, and now to more diverse structures.
3) Functionalists view the family as an institution that fulfills important functions for society like childrearing while conflict theorists see the family as a site of gender inequality and competition over resources.
GENDER CONCEPTS - FORM TWO
Civics form two teachers you can share my slides. I hope they will be useful to you and your students.
GENDER PPT.pptx
The document provides an overview of course content for a class on gender and youth in value chains. The course covers topics such as gender analysis frameworks, gender mainstreaming in value chain management, and related policy issues. Assessment will be based on continuous assessments (50%) and a final exam (50%). Key concepts discussed in Chapter 1 include the differences between gender and sex, gender roles and identities, and approaches to promoting women's development including Women in Development (WID), Women and Development (WAD), and Gender and Development (GAD).
Gender sensitivity
This document discusses concepts related to gender sensitivity and gender roles. It defines sex as biological attributes and gender as socially constructed roles and expectations of masculinity and femininity. Gender is a spectrum rather than a binary, and gender roles vary between societies. The text advocates for gender sensitivity by avoiding assumptions and using inclusive language. It provides examples of traditional gender roles and stereotypes, and how socialization through parenting and media reinforce these norms. The document also discusses concepts such as patriarchy, masculinity, and violence against women in the context of challenging gender discrimination and inequality.
Sexual and Gender-Based Violence - Definition, Identification, Causes and Pre...
The document discusses sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV). It defines SGBV as any act of violence that results in physical, sexual, psychological or emotional harm against individuals based on their sex or gender. SGBV is a form of discrimination that limits one gender from fully enjoying their rights and is a violation of human rights. The document explores the causes of SGBV, including gender stereotypes, patriarchal systems, and inequality between genders.
RECENT FAMILY TRENDS.pdf................
Family structures have existed in all societies as a way to form cooperative networks beyond immediate family. Marriage was often used to create political and strategic alliances between groups. Recent trends show changes in family structure, functions, and nature due to various social, economic, legal and cultural factors. Marriage rates have declined while cohabitation and divorce rates have increased. Women have gained more independence and equality within families.
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Caste & and gender discrimination
- 2. One of the important attributes of social change is caste differences.
- 3. The features of caste system Many divisions in community Specific oocupations for particular caste Hierarchy among the castes MERITS OF CASTE SYSTEM Division of labour in the society. Promote crafts and occupations. To strengthen social groups to safe guard culture.
- 4. Today the social evil of caste discrimination is fast disappearing due to. Influence of western culture. Dominance of public opinion. Legislation of laws and reguations. Increased opportunities for different caste groups.
- 5. There is inequality among the people in the society on basis of income and wealth Middle class Poor Rich
- 6. • Seek admission in good schools managed by religious trusts or by donations MIDDLE CLASS • No choice except admitting in government ,municipal schoolsPOOR • Can afford rich schools RICH
- 7. Gender bias is said to be treating of male and female differently in society
- 8. parents dislike for the birth of females infanticide and sex-selective abortions neglect shown to the growth of girls attitude of insisting women to bear all the domestic burdeons
- 9. Male-dominated society. Dowry menace. Sex-torture . Women are not given rightful share in the family property. Widow-marriages are not welcome. AIDS is high among women due to men.
- 10. Women are not permitted for jobs over men There is no equal pay for men and women Less facilities for women such as toilets etc Women employees are less in number Tolerate tortures given by colleagues and superior officers .
- 11. Rate of enrollment of females in education is low as compared to males Separate educational institutions for girls are few Girls are subjected to eve- teasing Text books are with stereo- types against women