This document discusses gender and sex, gender stereotyping, and the differences between gender and sex roles. It defines patriarchy and gender discrimination, and examines the causes, effects, and ways to combat gender imbalance in Uganda. Specifically, it identifies lack of political representation, racism, job segregation, societal mindsets, lack of legal protections and access to education as key causes. Effects include negative economic, social and health impacts. Combating measures proposed include giving women platforms in power, ending violence against women, equal access to education, and empowering women through financial support and awareness campaigns.

1. GROUP ONE
PRESENTATION
DEVELOPMENT
STUDIES

2. Questions
1.Differentiate between gender and sex with appropriate
examples.
2.Define and illustrate gender stereotyping.
3.Illustrate the differences between gender and sex roles.
4.Illustrate the meaning of patriarchy and gender
discrimination.
5.Explain the causes, effects and ways of combating gender
imbalance in Uganda.

3. Solutions as group one.
1. Gender refers to state of being male or female in relation to the social and cultural roles that are
considered appropriate for men and women. Forexample one who wears a dress is a woman.
While,
Sex refers to different biological and physiological characteristics of males and females such as
reproductive organs, chromosomes hormones etc.
2. Gender stereotyping refers to the predetermined set of attitudes and behaviors that are believed to
be typical of all men and women.
Stereotypes are transmitted from one generation to another generation to the next by social
institutions like family, religious groups, school systems and they are illustrated below.
Men. Women
Active passive
Public. Private
Leaders. Followers
Independent. Dependent on men
Unemotional emotional
3. llustration of the difference between gender and sex roles
Sex roles refer to those functions that a female or male performs by virtue of being male or female.
Gender roles refer to activities, tasks and responsibilities into masculine or feminine as seen below.

4. Gender roles.
Differ from society to society.
Change over time..
Vary within society.
Affected by environment.
Sex roles .
Same in all societies.
Don’t vary in any society.
Few and limited to human reproduction
Not affected by environment

5. 4. Patriarchy is a system of society where the men are the head of the house hold, carry the most
power and where the family lineage passes on through men. For example, men hold the control
and make all rules and women stay home and care for the children.

6. Whereas

7. Gender discrimination is a situation in which people are treated differently because they simply they are
male or female.
5 The following are the causes of gender imbalance in Uganda.
Lack of political representation. Women are still grossly underrepresented in government and political
process meaning that certain issues to that female politicians tend to bring up like parental leave and
childcare, pensions, gender equality laws are often neglected.
Racism which in most cases affect what jobs women of color are to get and how much they are
paid as well as how they are viewed by Legal and healthcare systems. Forexample African women work
was labour so it was taxable while work performed by English women was domestic and not taxable, the
Payment gaps between the white women and women of color continues that legacy of discrimination
and contributes to gender imbalance in Uganda.
Lack of religious freedom, in the field of religious freedom women suffer most. Religious
intolerance with women’s ability to participate in the economy, when there’s religious freedom an
economy becomes more stable.
Job segregation. Men are believed to be potential in handling certain jobs and in most times they
pay the best resulting into lower income of women who as well get involved in extra work which is not
recognized financially.
Societal mindset. The overall mindset of society has significant impact on gender imbalance in that
the way society determines the differences and values of men versus women plays a vital role in
employment, legal health care, delay significant change in society.
Lack of legal protections. Most women have no legal protections against domestic sexual and
economic violence therefore reducing women’s ability to thrive and live in freedom. Forexample
harassment at school, work places and in public hence women end up making decisions that
compromise and limit their goals.
Ignorance about the effects gender imbalance. This makes people keep supporting unacceptable
discrimination actions among women and men like domestic violence in that in some societies men beat
up woman to prove how much they love them.
Uneven access to Education. Women still have less access to Education than men in that ¼ of
women between the age of 15 -24 will not finish primary school and therefore endup being incompetent
in the job market as they will be regarded inferior hence reducing the gap of balance between men and
women.
Employment in favor of men, to his is due to the fact that men are considered to be hard working
and focused at work and therefore get high paying jobs in favor of women who always tend to be lazy
and have many responsibilities like childcare, home chores thus reducing their competitiveness bringing
about imbalances in gender in Uganda.

8. Lack of bodily autonomy. Women worldwide don’t have authority over their own bodies or when
they become parents.forexmple accessing birth control is frequently very difficult In that 400million
women get pregnant because of not using contraceptives for various reasons such as lack of options,
cultural oppositions, therefore becoming financially dependent on another person, losing their freedom.
The effects of gender imbalance include economic, social and health effects as discussed below.
Affects economic growth on investment rates, overall population growth and growth in working age
population since women are in most cases left out in planning, implementation of development yet they
have to good plans that promote development.
Leads to severe anxiety, depression and low levels of self esteem since most women are unable to
access better medical services due to their low incomes hence they end up depending on men who are
at times reluctant in providing such services bringing about maternal mortality rates.
It has led to increased domestic violence in many homes since women have little say and a re
always at the mercies of men who treat them as their property therefore depriving women of decisions
making.
Gender imbalance has increased levels in of illiteracy among women because education is always at
the favor of men and boy children. This is due to the argument that girls should be socialized to become
mother’s and therefore need not to go to school unlike boys who are meant to be heads, planners and
breadwinners in a home.
Accelerates a big Man power gap interms of skilled labour since most women are engaged in the
informal sector like food vending, tailoring leaving only men to participate in formal businesses thus
lowering economic growth.
Brings a large and unjust burdens to women because they earn very little from their produce
since men tend to own land and control productive activities and the little the women get is spent on
drinking, leaving them with nothing for their health and basic needs.
Responsibilities of women end up outweighing their access to Education, health, maternal and
political resources necessary for their growth. This is because they are limited to home chores, no
political freedom, insufficient decisions making hence lowering their levels of self esteem.
Gender imbalance can be combated by applying the measures below in Uganda.
By giving women platforms to be in power and achieve economic access by taking management
positions such as village development committees, Parish development committees so that they can
advocate for their rights freely.
By ending violence and sexual assault against women. This can be done through encouraging women
to report any kind of torture, rape, defilement to relevant authorities so that the culprits should face the
law thus bringing justice to women.

9. Through giving equal Access to Education of both girls and boys in order to promote gender equality
thus reducing levels of illiteracy among women.
By encouraging informal discussions between men and women on issues of gender at community
gatherings and project meetings for equal participation in decision making.
Empowerment of women at work places through payment and demand of same salary for equal
work done by men and women hence availing with money to avoid over dependence on men.
By supporting mothers and parents through the government and NGOs extending small loans that
don’t require collateral security. This will increase the entrepreneurial capacities of women hence
raising their incomes and hence reducing over dependence on men.

10. Teaching of gender should be promoted in schools and communities so as to create awareness about
the effects of gender inequality in the society.
Through supporting community based initiatives to eradicate harmful cultural practices like bride
price, women exclusion from decision making. This can be done by local leaders, NGOs, religious leaders
and the government thus empowering women.
In conclusion, the causes , effects and ways of combating gender imbalance in Uganda are as discussed
above.