The document discusses gender equality and the differences between natural gender differences versus societal constructs of gender. It notes that societies often discriminate against women, such as valuing male children over females, assigning domestic duties to women, and limiting women's freedoms and career choices. However, gender is largely a social construct, and equality means equal opportunities and power between men and women without discrimination. The constitution and laws of India aim to promote gender equality and empower women.

1. Prominent Indian Women
• India had a woman PM
long before Australia
• Women in India have
traditionally played
quite prominent roles.
• The queen of Jhansi was
a hero of the 1857
freedom war.

2. PRESENTED
BY
ARCHANA
CHAUDHARI
GUIDANCE
DR. SAROJ VEERKAR

3. DID YOU KNOW?
•It is estimated that women perform two-thirds of the world’s
work, yet they only earn one-tenth of the income, and own less
than one percent of the world’s property.
•More than 110 million of the world’s children, two-thirds of
them girls, are not in school.
•Only 17% of the world’s elected government leaders are women.
•More than 80% of the world’s 35 million refugees and displaced
people are women and children.

4. Natural gender differences
There are natural differences between the sexes
based on biological and anatomic factors, most
notably differing reproductive roles. Biological
differences include chromosomes, brain
structure and hormonal differences. There is a
natural difference also in the relative physical
strengths (on average) of the sexes.

5. There is a difference that the society has made between males and
females which is not justified and is frequently observed in the
following aspects:

6. A girl being born is considered inauspicious
whereas the birth of a boy is a cause for
celebration
The nutritious and the better food is given to
the males whereas the women have to eat the
leftovers
The important decisions are taken by the male
and the females have no or little say in it.
The household chores, rearing the child etc.,
are expected to be done by the women.

7. The society has designed certain norms and
assigned certain roles for both the male and the
female.
The percentage of females to males in Politics is
also less (Though 33% of the seats are reserved for
women, it is only for name sake)
The society doesn't consider it proper for the
parents of a married girl to live with her at her in-
laws house.
The groom’s side always weighs heavier over the
bride’s, and the society accepts the husband showing
his supremacy over the wife.

8. The women are expected to observe fasts or
‘vrats’.
She cannot fill the position of a religious head.
Religious ceremonies are mostly conducted by
males.
Upanayan vidhi, or performing the last rites of a
deceased are some privileges that have been
granted only to men.

9. Normally the boys are educated at the best
institutions whereas the girls are educated in
institutions where the fees are less.
The boys are encouraged to opt for Science,
whereas girls are normally pushed towards the
Arts faculty.
Girls aren’t given enough freedom to choose their
careers.
Researches prove that gender bias is also
observed in schools.

10. Gender is a social construct
Courtesy Sonke Gender Justice Network

11. This bias has to be removed. Both
males and females are equally
capable of doing things . If the
nation or world is to progress,
gender equality must be brought
into effect. What exactly is gender
equality?

12. • Long-term goal
• Absence of discrimination
based on sex
• Equality between men and
women exists when both
sexes are able to share
equally in the distribution
of power and influence
Gender
Equality

13. • Gender equity is the process
of being fair to women and
men.
• To ensure fairness, strategies
and measures must often be
available to compensate for
women’s historical and social
disadvantages that prevent
women and men from
otherwise operating on a
level playing field.
• Equity leads to equality.
GENDER
EQUITY

14. Where gender inequality exists, it is generally women who
are excluded or disadvantaged in relation to decision-
making and access to economic and social resources.
Therefore a critical aspect of promoting gender equality is
the empowerment of women, with a focus on identifying
and redressing power imbalances and giving women
more autonomy to manage their own lives.

15. Our Constitution has laid down certain
laws for women.
According to Article 15 of our
Constitution, you cannot discriminate
people on the basis of religion, caste,
gender or race.

16. Widow remarriage act (1856)
Divorce Act(1955)
Dowry abolishment act(1961)
Right to Adopt(1956)
Laws against Rape
Right to inheritance(1956)

17. Jijamata Mahila Aadhar Vima Yojana
Mahila Samruddhi Yojana
33% reservations for women in
various fields.

18. Equality does not imply that
women can behave in any
manner they see fit, but it
means that people of both
the sexes get equal
opportunities.