1) The document discusses the transition of energy markets in the Caspian region as peak demand for oil and gas has been reached and energy intensity has become unsustainable.
2) It proposes "resource resilience" as an organizing principle to minimize the use of finite resources by investing in renewable energy and energy efficiency. Denmark is presented as a case study that doubled its GDP while reducing carbon fuel use.
3) "Energy swaps" are presented as a smart solution for Iran, such as exchanging gas for electricity or trading different types and locations of energy. This could help Iran transition to a low carbon economy.
Capstone project completed with Alan Thai and Arthur Yip. Briefly, we describe our MATLAB model for a renewable energy hub consisting of solar panels, wind turbines and an electrolyzer for generating hydrogen. The generated hydrogen was then used to run hydrogen-powered forklifts. The environmental and financial analysis were shown to be sufficient to warrant further investigation.
Improvement in electrical network stability meshed with renewable Haim R. Branisteanu
ย
A 3-page proposal that was submitted to Dr. Tatiana Mitrova
Director of the SKOLKOVO Energy Centre at (https://energy.skolkovo.ru/en/senec/team/) by e-mail over a year ago to encourage the Russian establishment to convert the Russian economy toward hydrogen. A similar request was also sent through the official website of Russian PM in Sept. 2019
Capstone project completed with Alan Thai and Arthur Yip. Briefly, we describe our MATLAB model for a renewable energy hub consisting of solar panels, wind turbines and an electrolyzer for generating hydrogen. The generated hydrogen was then used to run hydrogen-powered forklifts. The environmental and financial analysis were shown to be sufficient to warrant further investigation.
Improvement in electrical network stability meshed with renewable Haim R. Branisteanu
ย
A 3-page proposal that was submitted to Dr. Tatiana Mitrova
Director of the SKOLKOVO Energy Centre at (https://energy.skolkovo.ru/en/senec/team/) by e-mail over a year ago to encourage the Russian establishment to convert the Russian economy toward hydrogen. A similar request was also sent through the official website of Russian PM in Sept. 2019
Presentation by Bushveld Energy at the African Solar Energy Forum in Accra, Ghana on 16 October 2019. The presentation covers four topics:
1) Overview of energy storage uses and technologies, including their current states of maturity;
2) Benefits to combining solar PV with storage, especially battery energy storage systems (BESS)
3) Examples from Bushveldโs experience in combining BESS with PV for commercial and industrial customers;
4) Introduction to Bushveld and its approach to BESS projects.
Hydrogen as a Transport Fuel: The Key to Reducing UK Oil Dependence?
Speaker: Prof. Kevin Kendall (Birmingham University, School of Chemical Engineering)
Professor Kevin Kendall has been researching hydrogen and fuel cells for 30 years. He was responsible for the first hydrogen filling station in England, which has fuelled hydrogen vehicles running on the Birmingham University campus since 2008. But what is the full potential of hydrogen as a transport fuel? When can we expect affordable mass production of fuel cell vehicles to occur? How can large quantities of hydrogen be produced cleanly? Prof. Kendall will address these issues and take questions from the floor.
On 24 February 2016 TransGrid's Executive General Manager of Asset Management delivered a presentation about Evaluating the impact of advancing battery storage and other technologies on energy economics.
This report discusses new advances in technologies like regenerative breaking, mass production that reduces cost, battery management system, and higher battery life and battery efficiency are the few of the techies that made electric cars a within the reach of the common man.
CALSTART Van Amburg Mobility 2030 8 18 09 FinalCALSTART
ย
CALSTART's senior VP Bill Van Amburg presented at Mobility 2030: Transportation Technologies & Lifestyles of the Future, San Francisco, CA August 18, 2009
CALSTART Biomethane AB 118 Biofuels Workshop 9 09CALSTART
ย
CALSTART President and CEO, John Boesel, presentation at California Energy Commission on Biomethane and AB 118 at a CEC biofuel workshop September 9, 2009. www.calstart.org
Flinders Island Isolated Power System (IPS) Connect 2016 T BUTLER CECjames hamilton
ย
The Clean Energy Council is the peak body for the clean energy industry in Australia.The CEC represent and work with hundreds of leading businesses operating in solar, wind, energy efficiency, hydro, bioenergy, energy storage, geothermal and marine along with more than 4000 solar installers.
The CEC is committed to accelerating the transformation of Australiaโs energy system to one that is smarter and cleaner.
Tom is passionate about renewable energy, with a career spent heavily involved in addressing grid interconnection challenges and negotiating technical outcomes on behalf of project developers and researchers.
Across his 5 years with the CEC, Tom has supervised policy outcomes on behalf of Australiaโs renewable energy industry. In seeking to contribute across the transformation of Australiaโs electricity supply system
Tom has perviously held positions with companies such as Senergy Econnect and Team Electrical.
Sources of Renewable Energy in Romania, by Antonela PavelIoana Stancut
ย
Presentation on hydropower, wind power and biomass- renewable energy sources in ROMANIA. Made by Romanian student Antonela Pavel, 8th grade, Scoala Gimnaziala Magura.
CALSTART Fuels Program Manager, Dr Jasna Tomic, presented on vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology at Plug-In 2009, Long Beach, CA "Plug-in Vehicles as Sources of Power"
Overview of Energy storage Technologies, Why we need to use Energy storage system, Case studies , The future of Energy storage systems and Development of Energy Storage systems, Brief discription of each system mentioning its advantages and disadvantages.
Presentation by Bushveld Energy at the African Solar Energy Forum in Accra, Ghana on 16 October 2019. The presentation covers four topics:
1) Overview of energy storage uses and technologies, including their current states of maturity;
2) Benefits to combining solar PV with storage, especially battery energy storage systems (BESS)
3) Examples from Bushveldโs experience in combining BESS with PV for commercial and industrial customers;
4) Introduction to Bushveld and its approach to BESS projects.
Hydrogen as a Transport Fuel: The Key to Reducing UK Oil Dependence?
Speaker: Prof. Kevin Kendall (Birmingham University, School of Chemical Engineering)
Professor Kevin Kendall has been researching hydrogen and fuel cells for 30 years. He was responsible for the first hydrogen filling station in England, which has fuelled hydrogen vehicles running on the Birmingham University campus since 2008. But what is the full potential of hydrogen as a transport fuel? When can we expect affordable mass production of fuel cell vehicles to occur? How can large quantities of hydrogen be produced cleanly? Prof. Kendall will address these issues and take questions from the floor.
On 24 February 2016 TransGrid's Executive General Manager of Asset Management delivered a presentation about Evaluating the impact of advancing battery storage and other technologies on energy economics.
This report discusses new advances in technologies like regenerative breaking, mass production that reduces cost, battery management system, and higher battery life and battery efficiency are the few of the techies that made electric cars a within the reach of the common man.
CALSTART Van Amburg Mobility 2030 8 18 09 FinalCALSTART
ย
CALSTART's senior VP Bill Van Amburg presented at Mobility 2030: Transportation Technologies & Lifestyles of the Future, San Francisco, CA August 18, 2009
CALSTART Biomethane AB 118 Biofuels Workshop 9 09CALSTART
ย
CALSTART President and CEO, John Boesel, presentation at California Energy Commission on Biomethane and AB 118 at a CEC biofuel workshop September 9, 2009. www.calstart.org
Flinders Island Isolated Power System (IPS) Connect 2016 T BUTLER CECjames hamilton
ย
The Clean Energy Council is the peak body for the clean energy industry in Australia.The CEC represent and work with hundreds of leading businesses operating in solar, wind, energy efficiency, hydro, bioenergy, energy storage, geothermal and marine along with more than 4000 solar installers.
The CEC is committed to accelerating the transformation of Australiaโs energy system to one that is smarter and cleaner.
Tom is passionate about renewable energy, with a career spent heavily involved in addressing grid interconnection challenges and negotiating technical outcomes on behalf of project developers and researchers.
Across his 5 years with the CEC, Tom has supervised policy outcomes on behalf of Australiaโs renewable energy industry. In seeking to contribute across the transformation of Australiaโs electricity supply system
Tom has perviously held positions with companies such as Senergy Econnect and Team Electrical.
Sources of Renewable Energy in Romania, by Antonela PavelIoana Stancut
ย
Presentation on hydropower, wind power and biomass- renewable energy sources in ROMANIA. Made by Romanian student Antonela Pavel, 8th grade, Scoala Gimnaziala Magura.
CALSTART Fuels Program Manager, Dr Jasna Tomic, presented on vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology at Plug-In 2009, Long Beach, CA "Plug-in Vehicles as Sources of Power"
Overview of Energy storage Technologies, Why we need to use Energy storage system, Case studies , The future of Energy storage systems and Development of Energy Storage systems, Brief discription of each system mentioning its advantages and disadvantages.
China Aluminium Die Casting Moldmakingchinacasting
ย
Shanghai iMolding is a recognized manufacturer of China delivering an extensive assortment of China aluminium die casting parts to numerous global industries.
The ethanol extracts of Ficus asperifolia, Mormordica charantia, Anacardium
occidentals and Psidium guajava were evaluated sole and in treatment combinations at 25, 50 and
75mg ml-1 concentration levels against the mycelial growth of Macrophomina phaseolina of
Cowpea. The pathogen was cultured on plates containing botanicals amended Potato Dextrose
Agar (PDA) in three replicates while only ethanol treated PDA tested plates served the control
experiment. The radial growths were recorded at 4th, 6th and 8th day after inoculation. Data
obtained were analysed using the SAS software program version 9.2. The extract of Mormordica
charantia was the most effective in the botanical treatments alone. The most significant inhibition
of Macrophomina phaseolina were observed from the combined treatments of Ficus asperifolia,
Mormordica charantia and Anacardium occidentals (3.11 cm), followed by Mormordica
charantia and Psidium guajava (3.29 cm), then combination of four extracts; Ficus asperifolia,
Mormordica charantia, Anacardium occidentals and Psidium guajava (3.53 cm), then
Mormordica charantia and Anacardium occidentals (3.84 cm). Other treatments, either alone or in
combination produced significant result compared to the control experiment (6.94 cm). However,
the efficacy of botanicals increased with concentration and also significantly correlated with time
and reduction in mycelia extension of the pathogen. More so, variability in the antifungicidal
potentials of the botanicals on Macrophomina phaseolina ranges from 15.93% to 34.06%
according to Eigen proportions. The treatment combinations of; Ficus asperifolia, Mormordica
charantia and Anacardium occidentals at 75mg ml-1 concentration level produced the most
inhibitory effect against Macrophomina phaseolina in vitro. However, the untreated plates did not
show inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth of the pathogen. Therefore, combined treatments of
botanicals could be a potential source in the practice of plant disease control.
Genetic characterization of morphological and yield traits in ten genotypes of Celosia argentea L. was evaluated
at the Research Farm of the Department of Botany, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. The experiment was laid out
in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The results of analysis of variance carried out on
early morphological characters of C. argentea L. at 3, 4, and 5weeks after sowing showed significant
(p<0.05 /><0.01) effects except for number of leaves per plant and leaf width at 3 and 5 weeks after sowing,
respectively. The replicates in blocks produced varying observable effects on the genotypes while genotype x
replicate showed significant variation on morpho-agronomic and yield traits except number of days to flowering
at 50 days and fruit length at maturity. Also, from the result of the mean separation, it is shown that
NG/MAY/09/015 performed the best for plant height at flowering, leaf length at flowering, leaf width at
flowering, and root biomass. NG/SA/07/213 produced the highest mean values of number of flowers per plant,
leaf biomass and pod weight at maturity. The highest values of number of primary branches and fruit length at
maturity (FLM) were observed for NG/TO/MAY/09/015, while NG/AO/MAY/09/015 had the highest for pod
weight at maturity. The result of principal component axis also showed that Prin 1 accounted for highest Eigen
Vector of 38.62% from the total variation. NG/MAY/09/015 (R2) genotype produced the highest Eigen Vector
of 6.705 from Prin 1. The correlation result showed that plant height had a significant positive association with
seed weight at maturity, pod weight at maturity, number of primary branches and fruit length at maturity, while
similar association existed between leaf biomass, number of primary branches and pod weight at maturity, as
well as between plant height at flowering and pod weight at maturity. Again, the number of primary branches is
also positive and significantly correlated with plant height, root biomass and leaf length. Furthermore, the
results of dendrogram and minimum spanning tree revealed variations in genetic relatedness and distance,
respectively, which exist among the population of the C. argentea L.
Get good precision and functionality of plastic components by connecting to China Casting Orlando that makes perfect use of Plastic Injection Molding China in producing the quality products.
A few screen shots of me testing a new 3d engine. The engine is based on Jmonkey. The idea of this engine is to be simple to use and easy to script with hopes of drawing more people into the game development industry.
Two separate experiments were conducted at the sereenhouse of the Unilorin Sugar Research Institute
(USRI) IIorin, to investigate the optimum concentration of a weak acid solution required for the presciption of cut
sugarcane stalks during hybridization. In the first experiment. stalks of two (2) sugarcane varieties (LS 1-047 and LS1057)
which were at the flowering. phase were immersed in three (3) eonecntrations(Blank, O.004M nnd 0.006M
respectively) of sulphurous acid (H2SO]) solution. In the second experiment, stalks of three (3) varieties viz: LSI-047,
LSI-057 and C06806 at the vegetative phase and those of LSI-047, LSI-050, LSI-054, LSI-057, B6609 and'C06806 at
the Dowering phase were also immersed in four (4) concentrations (i.e. Blank, 0.0021\1, 0.004M and O.OO(,M
respectively) of sulphurie acid (H2S04) solution.
Our results showed a rapid decline in the physiologienl activities of the sugarcanc stalks regardlcss of the
concentration and/or the source of the weak acid used as preservative solution. Flowering sequence was also disrupted
in the flowering stalks since none of the varieties could proceed to tile next ,phase, indicating that the stock solutions
were toxic to the test varieties. However, rooting and side shoot emergence (beginning from the riftll and ,cvcnth day
rcspeetively) were observcd ill the sugareanc stalks at both the vegetative and Oowerillg ph,lsl's or diiTercnl
eoneelllralion of the weak 1-1250 โข. indicating Ih,1I the: i'nrlJ'ulal ions 'frolll 112SO., were less tOXIC {O ti,l'. l''" 1-::. d"'11 {I")';l'
or the 1-1)50. where the test varie{les nl:ilhl:r r()o(ed nor produce sid\' ,hm)l.
i\ILllllllgh 1110 (2) or the: \'arie:lIl'S (L,SI-O'17 ,md 1..'()ll~()I,) ,'ppe"rl'" III PUSs,'ss greater {,lkral":C: k.\cl Iยท.' Ii;.: .!,!!"<',.:l'>I, 1:';11' lil<.'>
exoLic judging by their overall performance.
Sixteen genotypes of maize were evaluated for genetic variability and character associations in the Research
Farm of the Department of Botany, University of Ibadan, Nigeria for 90 days in the 2012, 2013 and 2014
cropping seasons. Perforated polythene bags (18 ร 9 cm) were filled with 6kg sandy-loam soil and were spaced
at a distance of 10 cm apart between rows. Three seeds from each genotype were then planted per bag without
treatment in three replicates. Data on plant and stem height, leaf width, leaf length and number of leaves were
collected after planting at 14 days interval on each replicate for a particular genotype. The plant height of
EVDT.Y200STRQPM genotype was significantly (p < 0.05) different from other genotypes, while genotype
pairs; TZE-OR2DTSTRQPM and 2009TZE-ORIDTSTRQPM, TZEI 22, TZEI 98 and OBANTAPA, TZEI 4,
TZEI 161, BODIJA as well as EVDT-W99STR, OJO, 98SYNWECSTRQPM were similar to each other. The
result of correlation coefficient shows that stem height was highly significant and positively correlated with the
plant height (p < 0.01; r = 0.91). The genotype is negative and non-correlated with plant height, stem height, leaf
width and number of leaves, but positive and non-significantly associated with leaf length, replicate and week
after planting.
Modern Trends in Energy Policy of Persian Gulf Countriesijtsrd
ย
Article analysis the modern processes of energy policy of Persian Gulf countries and main issues of providing energy policy of countries in Persian Gulf were examined. Besides, some recommendations and conclusions are given due to develop bilateral and multilateral cooperation with Gulf countries. As well as, the economic viability of the renewable energy sector is becoming increasingly apparent to Gulf governments, given the potential for high intensity solar heat, geothermal and wind resources. However, such renewable resources are subject to supply fluctuations, and it is therefore recognized that they are best used in combination during periods of peak demand, while another alternative โ nuclear power โ can provide a continuous and mature source of electricity throughout the year. Makhmudov Fuzail "Modern Trends in Energy Policy of Persian Gulf Countries" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38114.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/38114/modern-trends-in-energy-policy-of-persian-gulf-countries/makhmudov-fuzail
New base energy news 14 may 2019 issue no 1245 by khaled al awadiKhaled Al Awadi
ย
Greetings,
Pleased to send you the file of the above having the lasted energy news
of the MENA region . All via the NewBase Energy News 14 May 2019 - Issue No. 1245 .
Hope you find it interesting and worth to share .
Regards .
Khaled Al Awadi - Energy Consultant
"๐ฉ๐ฌ๐ฎ๐ผ๐ต ๐พ๐ฐ๐ป๐ฏ ๐ป๐ฑ ๐ฐ๐บ ๐ฏ๐จ๐ณ๐ญ ๐ซ๐ถ๐ต๐ฌ"
๐๐ ๐๐จ๐ฆ๐ฌ (๐๐ ๐๐จ๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ฎ๐ง๐ข๐๐๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐ฌ) is a professional event agency that includes experts in the event-organizing market in Vietnam, Korea, and ASEAN countries. We provide unlimited types of events from Music concerts, Fan meetings, and Culture festivals to Corporate events, Internal company events, Golf tournaments, MICE events, and Exhibitions.
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Sports events - Golf competitions/billiards competitions/company sports events: dynamic and challenging
โญ ๐ ๐๐๐ญ๐ฎ๐ซ๐๐ ๐ฉ๐ซ๐จ๐ฃ๐๐๐ญ๐ฌ:
โข 2024 BAEKHYUN [Lonsdaleite] IN HO CHI MINH
โข SUPER JUNIOR-L.S.S. THE SHOW : Th3ee Guys in HO CHI MINH
โขFreenBecky 1st Fan Meeting in Vietnam
โขCHILDREN ART EXHIBITION 2024: BEYOND BARRIERS
โข WOW K-Music Festival 2023
โข Winner [CROSS] Tour in HCM
โข Super Show 9 in HCM with Super Junior
โข HCMC - Gyeongsangbuk-do Culture and Tourism Festival
โข Korean Vietnam Partnership - Fair with LG
โข Korean President visits Samsung Electronics R&D Center
โข Vietnam Food Expo with Lotte Wellfood
"๐๐ฏ๐๐ซ๐ฒ ๐๐ฏ๐๐ง๐ญ ๐ข๐ฌ ๐ ๐ฌ๐ญ๐จ๐ซ๐ฒ, ๐ ๐ฌ๐ฉ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฅ ๐ฃ๐จ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ง๐๐ฒ. ๐๐ ๐๐ฅ๐ฐ๐๐ฒ๐ฌ ๐๐๐ฅ๐ข๐๐ฏ๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐๐ญ ๐ฌ๐ก๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐ฒ๐จ๐ฎ ๐ฐ๐ข๐ฅ๐ฅ ๐๐ ๐ ๐ฉ๐๐ซ๐ญ ๐จ๐ ๐จ๐ฎ๐ซ ๐ฌ๐ญ๐จ๐ซ๐ข๐๐ฌ."
RMD24 | Debunking the non-endemic revenue myth Marvin Vacquier Droop | First ...BBPMedia1
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Marvin neemt je in deze presentatie mee in de voordelen van non-endemic advertising op retail media netwerken. Hij brengt ook de uitdagingen in beeld die de markt op dit moment heeft op het gebied van retail media voor niet-leveranciers.
Retail media wordt gezien als het nieuwe advertising-medium en ook mediabureaus richten massaal retail media-afdelingen op. Merken die niet in de betreffende winkel liggen staan ook nog niet in de rij om op de retail media netwerken te adverteren. Marvin belicht de uitdagingen die er zijn om echt aansluiting te vinden op die markt van non-endemic advertising.
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Explore our most comprehensive guide on lookback analysis at SafePaaS, covering access governance and how it can transform modern ERP audits. Browse now!
Remote sensing and monitoring are changing the mining industry for the better. These are providing innovative solutions to long-standing challenges. Those related to exploration, extraction, and overall environmental management by mining technology companies Odisha. These technologies make use of satellite imaging, aerial photography and sensors to collect data that might be inaccessible or from hazardous locations. With the use of this technology, mining operations are becoming increasingly efficient. Let us gain more insight into the key aspects associated with remote sensing and monitoring when it comes to mining.
Unveiling the Secrets How Does Generative AI Work.pdfSam H
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At its core, generative artificial intelligence relies on the concept of generative models, which serve as engines that churn out entirely new data resembling their training data. It is like a sculptor who has studied so many forms found in nature and then uses this knowledge to create sculptures from his imagination that have never been seen before anywhere else. If taken to cyberspace, gans work almost the same way.
Personal Brand Statement:
As an Army veteran dedicated to lifelong learning, I bring a disciplined, strategic mindset to my pursuits. I am constantly expanding my knowledge to innovate and lead effectively. My journey is driven by a commitment to excellence, and to make a meaningful impact in the world.
3.0 Project 2_ Developing My Brand Identity Kit.pptxtanyjahb
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A personal brand exploration presentation summarizes an individual's unique qualities and goals, covering strengths, values, passions, and target audience. It helps individuals understand what makes them stand out, their desired image, and how they aim to achieve it.
RMD24 | Retail media: hoe zet je dit in als je geen AH of Unilever bent? Heid...BBPMedia1
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Grote partijen zijn al een tijdje onderweg met retail media. Ondertussen worden in dit domein ook de kansen zichtbaar voor andere spelers in de markt. Maar met die kansen ontstaan ook vragen: Zelf retail media worden of erop adverteren? In welke fase van de funnel past het en hoe integreer je het in een mediaplan? Wat is nu precies het verschil met marketplaces en Programmatic ads? In dit half uur beslechten we de dilemma's en krijg je antwoorden op wanneer het voor jou tijd is om de volgende stap te zetten.
Taurus Zodiac Sign_ Personality Traits and Sign Dates.pptxmy Pandit
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Explore the world of the Taurus zodiac sign. Learn about their stability, determination, and appreciation for beauty. Discover how Taureans' grounded nature and hardworking mindset define their unique personality.
Cracking the Workplace Discipline Code Main.pptxWorkforce Group
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Cultivating and maintaining discipline within teams is a critical differentiator for successful organisations.
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Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
Attending a job Interview for B1 and B2 Englsih learnersErika906060
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It is a sample of an interview for a business english class for pre-intermediate and intermediate english students with emphasis on the speking ability.
1. Caspian Energy Market in Transition
Mahmood Khaghani
Education & Research Institute โ Iranian Chamber
of Commerce & Mines (ICCIM)
Bosphorus Energy Club 11th
October
2016
2. An Inflection Point โ Peak Demand
โThe Stone Age did not end for lack of stone, and the Oil Age will end long
before the world runs out of oil.โ Zaki Yamani
Peak Demand - Energy is the only 'hard' or objective resource cost &
dollar cost of energy services has become systemically unaffordable
Energy Intensity - carbon fuel use per unit of energy as a service has
reached unsustainable levels eg US fracking, Canada tar sands
Fifth Fuel โ the higher the oil & gas $ price the more profitable it is to
substitute with renewable energy or energy efficiency: the Fifth Fuel
2June 2016 Caspian Energy Grid โ Silk Road
3. Peak Demand
Oil Producers squeezed between
- Immovable Object โ Oil Price Cap (around $50/barrel)
- Irresistible Force โ rising Exploration & Production (E&P) costs
- Conflict between resource sovereignty & commercial requirements
Conventional Options:
- Consolidate - does not solve the problem
- Switch to Gas - eg Shell
- Vertical Integration - Saudi US refinery, IOCs & major traders
- political (eg nationalisation), environmental, commercial risks
3June 2016 Caspian Energy Grid โ Silk Road
4. Iran Post-Sanctions
Upstream oil & gas โ colossal investment requirement for
regeneration of existing fields & development of new fields
Downstream energy โ massive investment requirement in legacy &
new energy infrastructure for transition to low carbon economy
Increasing sales of oil & gas as a commodity risk flooding the market
Equity & debt instruments conflict with Iran resource sovereignty &
dollar investment unlikely even in the medium term
4June 2016 Caspian Energy Grid โ Silk Road
5. Iran at the Crossroads
Least Resource Cost principle successfully demonstrated in action
since 1973 Oil Shock for resilience/energy security reasons
Iran is at a crossroads: Reform to the Left; Resistance to the Right
What is the way forward?
June 2016 Caspian Energy Grid โ Silk Road 5
6. The Way Forward โ Resource Resilience
Resource Resilience Organising Principle - Least Resource Cost
For any given consumption of energy as a service โ mobility/transport;
heat/cooling; light; power the use of finite resources is minimised
Denmark mandated this principle and invested in renewable energy and
energy efficiency across all services: power, heat, transport & electricity
Danish GDP doubled while carbon fuel use & CO2 production has declined
significantly โ but Iran & Denmark's fiscal systems very different!
June 2016 Caspian Energy Grid โ Silk Road 6
8. Iran's Smart Solution - Energy Swaps
Energy Swap
An Energy Swap is an exchange of an energy flow for another flow
Location Swap
A flow of energy into one location is exchanged for a flow of energy out of
another. eg the Caspian Oil Swap
Category Swap
A flow of energy of one type is exchanged for a flow of energy or value of
another type eg Iran gas for Armenian power
Hybrid Swap
A combination of Location & Category Swap eg international Oil for Product
Swap Iranian oil exchanged for Scottish oil products
8June 2016 Caspian Energy Grid โ Silk Road
9. Transition through Gas
Natural Gas is the bridging fuel to a Low Carbon Economy and ECO region has the
greatest global natural gas reserves
For Iran to ship gas internationally whether via pipeline or LNG is extremely
inefficient, costly and potentially risky
Electricity is at the end of the Energy Value Chain โFrom Well to Wall.โ
When the oil price fell 74% , and the gas price fell by 42% , the wholesale electricity
price fell by only 2 to 3% and the retail price fell by even less.
Cheapest energy is energy saved โ Fifth Fuel - a Kilo Watt Hour of electricity saves 5
to 10 kWh of upstream energy in production, generation & distribution
9June 2016 Caspian Energy Grid โ Silk Road
10. Power Generation Technology
Power Generation & Electricity Transmission efficiency has improved
dramatically in the last two years
Combined Cycle Gas Turbines (CCGT) generation is now 60% efficient
High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) links are much more efficient
than Alternating Current (AC) links over long distances
HVDC is particularly suited to Caspian Sea, Black Sea marine links โ
examples are UK North Sea BritNed, NorNed HVDC links
10June 2016 Caspian Energy Grid โ Silk Road
11. Iran's Energy Grid โ a Natural Grid?
Iran's energy grid transmits oil & gas fuelled power and oil & gas
Application of resource resilience principle will increase efficiency of
oil & gas production & use and implement decentralised renewable
energy
Iran's energy grid can be transformed from centralised National Grid
to distributed and resilient Natural Grid
Iran's energy grid must also address crucial environmental
combination of Water & Electricity โ Least Water Cost
11June 2016 Caspian Energy Grid โ Silk Road
12. ECO Regional Energy Grid
Oil for Products โ optimising Kashagan flows
Gas for Power โ Turkmen power generation & regional HVDC power
supplies
Hydro for Gas โ inter-seasonal swaps between upstream and
downstream ECO nations
Virtual Transmission - CASS 1000 project
- dispatch & use power as locally as possible
- geographic swaps replace expensive, inefficient & vulnerable long
distance transmission
12June 2016 Caspian Energy Grid โ Silk Road
13. Energy as a Service
Least Resource Cost โ not Least $ or โฌ Cost
Supply โ not Sale
Co-operation not Competition โ shared cost reduction not a race to
the bottom
Smart Markets - Intellectual Capital replaces Finance Capital
13June 2016 Caspian Energy Grid โ Silk Road
