The document summarizes a study on developing vessels that can travel at practical speeds using only renewable energy sources. It discusses Planet Solar, the first solar-powered vessel to circumnavigate the globe, and identifies areas for improvement. The study evaluates different technology options for power generation on a hypothetical hybrid solar-wind vessel, including high-concentration photovoltaics and wind power. It determines that a vessel with a 100 kW HCPV solar array and advanced batteries could achieve perpetual mobility without fossil fuels.
This document discusses alternative energy sources that could help power an offshore platform in Australia. It evaluates wind (horizontal and vertical axis turbines), wave (Pelamis, PowerBuoy, Wave Dragon devices), and solar (SolarBeam dishes and SunPower photovoltaic cells) technologies. Based on the site's wind speeds, water depths, and the platform's space constraints, the document models how different configurations of technologies could contribute power. It finds that installing 15 PowerBuoy wave energy devices could generate the most power at 13 MW annually and save over $600,000 in natural gas costs compared to solely using the platform's gas turbines.
Integrating renewable energy technologies to reduce large ship fule consumpti...cahouser
This document analyzes renewable technology options to decrease fuel consumption on large ships. A simulation was conducted to evaluate the potential energy savings from rigid wing sails and solar panels on a 100m passenger ship. The simulation found that wind power from two 500m^2 rigid wing sails could provide an 18% reduction in annual fuel consumption. While solar panels provided minimal benefits due to intermittency, optimizing sail technologies and route selection may further reduce fuel usage and emissions. Energy storage provided only a 2% additional efficiency gain for load leveling applications.
The document discusses various modes of transportation for the future including vehicles that travel on land, air, and water. For travel on land, it describes futuristic car designs like the Aptera that use alternative fuels as well as vehicles that can both drive and fly. Developments for air travel include morphing aircraft designed by NASA and roadable planes. In water, innovations contain solar powered sailboats and submarines. The technologies presented could decrease road congestion and make personal transportation more appealing than public transit.
This document provides an overview and background of hyperloop technology. Hyperloop involves levitating pods inside low-pressure tubes that could enable aircraft speeds at ground level. It is described as a potential revolution in transport that could transform perceptions of distance. The document discusses the concept as outlined by Elon Musk, and evaluates the commercial potential, environmental impact, costs, safety issues, and regulatory hurdles of hyperloop. It provides details on the companies developing hyperloop systems, including Virgin Hyperloop One and Hyperloop Transportation Technologies, and potential routes being considered.
The Green Hydropower Solution, small hydro ,roaudet
This document discusses a new damless hydropower technology called HUG (Helical Unique Generation) that can extract energy from slow river and ocean currents between 2-4 knots. HUG consists of a helical pathway system with oval twin helical turbines that harness the natural vortex motion of water. It experiences negative pressure that attracts the flow into the system, increasing velocity and power output. This makes it economically viable for hydropower applications that conventional turbines cannot handle. The technology has potential to develop renewable energy sources from rivers, channels, tides and currents around the world in a modular and scalable way without the environmental impacts of large dams.
Solar paneled boats generate electricity from solar panels to power electric motors instead of using fuel. This is more environmentally friendly technology that could be used more widely in the future. The largest solar boat traveled over 35,000 km in Hong Kong, measuring 31 meters long and 15 meters wide. Using solar boats and other eco-friendly technologies helps reduce pollution and our environmental impact.
The document discusses the concept of hyperloop high-speed transportation. Hyperloop involves passenger or freight vehicles operating inside low-pressure tubes, which could enable aircraft-level speeds on the ground. Proponents claim hyperloop could be faster than high-speed rail, direct like air travel, environmentally friendly, and cheaper than high-speed rail. The document provides background on the history of concepts like hyperloop dating back to the late 17th century, and discusses Elon Musk's more recent proposal. It outlines objectives like safety, speed, cost, and sustainability, and explains the need for alternatives to conventional transportation methods.
Method of energy storage and power generationJun Yao
The present invention is a method of combination of hydraulic power generation and floating-body power generation, which could be applied directly into current energy storage system, or could be applied as an independent power generation unit which could directly generate power to grid or store in electrical batteries.
It works well as weather-proof solutions where there is seasonal water flow shortage or during drought disaster. Moreover, it could be a robust backup during routine maintenances or malfunction of existing system.
This robust system could be built on the places where there are liquid flow available and elevation differences preferred.
Moreover, investor could use retired carriers which transported crude, oil products or LNG as oil-storage tanks when they generate power profits.
该方法可以单独作为水利发电单元,也可以与水利发电配套使用,在季节性或干旱少水时,发挥其对水头要求不高的优点,增强整个系统的稳定性。同时,在水利系统检修或发生故障时,提供电力保障。该系统结构简单,包括悬浮体支撑结构,动力传输结构和发电机,一般电力建筑公司都有能力设计和施工。系统不需复杂的操作,易于实现自动化控制,操作成本和维护成本都很低。只要系统的防腐问题做的好,使用寿命至少在100年以上。
另外,悬浮重物如果是油船或液化气船,业主可以兼营油品储藏业务,虽然这样会减少水位上浮的发电能力,但油品储存的收入和由于油价的浮动而产生的效益可以作为经济补偿。
This document discusses alternative energy sources that could help power an offshore platform in Australia. It evaluates wind (horizontal and vertical axis turbines), wave (Pelamis, PowerBuoy, Wave Dragon devices), and solar (SolarBeam dishes and SunPower photovoltaic cells) technologies. Based on the site's wind speeds, water depths, and the platform's space constraints, the document models how different configurations of technologies could contribute power. It finds that installing 15 PowerBuoy wave energy devices could generate the most power at 13 MW annually and save over $600,000 in natural gas costs compared to solely using the platform's gas turbines.
Integrating renewable energy technologies to reduce large ship fule consumpti...cahouser
This document analyzes renewable technology options to decrease fuel consumption on large ships. A simulation was conducted to evaluate the potential energy savings from rigid wing sails and solar panels on a 100m passenger ship. The simulation found that wind power from two 500m^2 rigid wing sails could provide an 18% reduction in annual fuel consumption. While solar panels provided minimal benefits due to intermittency, optimizing sail technologies and route selection may further reduce fuel usage and emissions. Energy storage provided only a 2% additional efficiency gain for load leveling applications.
The document discusses various modes of transportation for the future including vehicles that travel on land, air, and water. For travel on land, it describes futuristic car designs like the Aptera that use alternative fuels as well as vehicles that can both drive and fly. Developments for air travel include morphing aircraft designed by NASA and roadable planes. In water, innovations contain solar powered sailboats and submarines. The technologies presented could decrease road congestion and make personal transportation more appealing than public transit.
This document provides an overview and background of hyperloop technology. Hyperloop involves levitating pods inside low-pressure tubes that could enable aircraft speeds at ground level. It is described as a potential revolution in transport that could transform perceptions of distance. The document discusses the concept as outlined by Elon Musk, and evaluates the commercial potential, environmental impact, costs, safety issues, and regulatory hurdles of hyperloop. It provides details on the companies developing hyperloop systems, including Virgin Hyperloop One and Hyperloop Transportation Technologies, and potential routes being considered.
The Green Hydropower Solution, small hydro ,roaudet
This document discusses a new damless hydropower technology called HUG (Helical Unique Generation) that can extract energy from slow river and ocean currents between 2-4 knots. HUG consists of a helical pathway system with oval twin helical turbines that harness the natural vortex motion of water. It experiences negative pressure that attracts the flow into the system, increasing velocity and power output. This makes it economically viable for hydropower applications that conventional turbines cannot handle. The technology has potential to develop renewable energy sources from rivers, channels, tides and currents around the world in a modular and scalable way without the environmental impacts of large dams.
Solar paneled boats generate electricity from solar panels to power electric motors instead of using fuel. This is more environmentally friendly technology that could be used more widely in the future. The largest solar boat traveled over 35,000 km in Hong Kong, measuring 31 meters long and 15 meters wide. Using solar boats and other eco-friendly technologies helps reduce pollution and our environmental impact.
The document discusses the concept of hyperloop high-speed transportation. Hyperloop involves passenger or freight vehicles operating inside low-pressure tubes, which could enable aircraft-level speeds on the ground. Proponents claim hyperloop could be faster than high-speed rail, direct like air travel, environmentally friendly, and cheaper than high-speed rail. The document provides background on the history of concepts like hyperloop dating back to the late 17th century, and discusses Elon Musk's more recent proposal. It outlines objectives like safety, speed, cost, and sustainability, and explains the need for alternatives to conventional transportation methods.
Method of energy storage and power generationJun Yao
The present invention is a method of combination of hydraulic power generation and floating-body power generation, which could be applied directly into current energy storage system, or could be applied as an independent power generation unit which could directly generate power to grid or store in electrical batteries.
It works well as weather-proof solutions where there is seasonal water flow shortage or during drought disaster. Moreover, it could be a robust backup during routine maintenances or malfunction of existing system.
This robust system could be built on the places where there are liquid flow available and elevation differences preferred.
Moreover, investor could use retired carriers which transported crude, oil products or LNG as oil-storage tanks when they generate power profits.
该方法可以单独作为水利发电单元,也可以与水利发电配套使用,在季节性或干旱少水时,发挥其对水头要求不高的优点,增强整个系统的稳定性。同时,在水利系统检修或发生故障时,提供电力保障。该系统结构简单,包括悬浮体支撑结构,动力传输结构和发电机,一般电力建筑公司都有能力设计和施工。系统不需复杂的操作,易于实现自动化控制,操作成本和维护成本都很低。只要系统的防腐问题做的好,使用寿命至少在100年以上。
另外,悬浮重物如果是油船或液化气船,业主可以兼营油品储藏业务,虽然这样会减少水位上浮的发电能力,但油品储存的收入和由于油价的浮动而产生的效益可以作为经济补偿。
1) The document summarizes case studies of several cruise ships including their capacities, engines, propulsion systems, and estimated costs.
2) It also describes potential retrofit opportunities for improving energy efficiency aboard ships such as improving motor, pump and fan efficiency, improving electrical generation efficiency, and implementing waste heat recovery systems.
3) Key cost indicators for ship operations are provided including costs for various fuels, capital costs for engines and generators, and estimated costs for delivering electricity, producing potable water, and providing space cooling.
This presentation was done as a part of IMechE SOfE competition. The presentation is about the future of travel, current transportation issues and how look into the future.
Hyperloop was discuss and how it can change lives of people in UAE and Pakistan
Airships as low cost alternatives to communication satelliteSasidhar Reddy
i want to share my views on airship as low cost alternatives to communication satellite we have only pdf of this topic because i searched a lot i didn't find any ppt so i make it and presented well in my college so i am sharing this ppt to present easily and for infromation
Known for SpaceX and Tesla, Elon Musk launched the Hyperloop concept in 2013, a means of ultra-high-speed terrestrial transport by tube. Academics and engineers around the world have followed the visionary entrepreneur's lead and are developing their own tube-based transportation projects. Our brand new Emerging Trends report reviews the opportunities and challenges of this next-generation mode of transport.
– v 1.2
This document presents information about Elon Musk's concept of the hyperloop, a new mode of high-speed transportation consisting of capsules transported through low-pressure tubes. The hyperloop aims to be faster and less expensive than existing transportation options like rail. Some key challenges include ensuring sufficient space for passengers inside the capsule during turns and addressing issues of tube pressurization during earthquakes. While the hyperloop holds promise, further development is still needed to fully realize this new transportation system.
The document provides an overview of the Hyperloop high-speed transportation system, including what it is, who developed it, locations being considered, and how it works. Some key points:
- Elon Musk first proposed the idea in 2013 and released an initial design for a system connecting Los Angeles and San Francisco in under 35 minutes at speeds over 1200 km/h.
- Hyperloop uses pods or capsules that travel inside low pressure steel tubes, reducing air resistance and allowing very high speeds. The pods float on air cushions and are propelled by linear electric motors.
- Several companies are now working to develop Hyperloop systems, including Virgin Hyperloop One and Hyperloop Transportation Technologies. Proposed routes include
This document summarizes revisions made to DDS 200-1, which provides guidelines for calculating surface ship endurance fuel requirements. The revised DDS 200-1 incorporates three endurance conditions - surge to theater, economical transit, and operational presence. It also includes several calculation modifications such as using a sea state and fouling factor based on computational modeling rather than a fixed factor. The changes are intended to better align the endurance fuel calculations with fleet operational practices and optimize ship designs for fuel efficiency.
Analysis and Fabrication of Rollcage for Solar Vehiclepaperpublications3
Abstract: This work, focused on an idea about hybrid solar car technology which solves the major problem of fuel and pollution in present days. Determine how feasible widespread change to hybrids would be in future with all information taken into account, concluded that hybrids have several advantages as fuel efficient, low pollution. In the present work a complete drawing and drafting of hybrid solar car have been prepared using CATIA V5R19 software. After complete analysis of this drawing by using ANSYS 14.5 it is find out bear capability of load, stress, and strain of front & rear collision of car frame. A completed data are analyzed to examine the technical aspects of the hybrid car technology. Overall, hybrid technology has a lot of potential in the distant future, but as for right now they are not a significant applied over today’s internal combustion engine.
Jack Everts is the pipeline execution manager for ExxonMobil's proposed $45-65 billion Alaska LNG Project. The project aims to export liquefied natural gas from Alaska's North Slope by 2024 through two new pipelines. Everts, who recently moved into his current role, oversees planning for the pipelines and facilities. He has a civil engineering degree from Lamar University and believes civil engineering offers diverse job opportunities around the world.
The document summarizes the U.S. Navy's efforts to increase energy efficiency and use of alternative fuels to meet energy goals. It discusses the Navy's transition from sail to coal, oil, nuclear, and biofuel power sources over time. The Navy's goals include having 50% of energy come from alternative sources by 2020 and demonstrating a "Great Green Fleet" powered by biofuels by 2016. The Navy is focusing on energy efficiency through technologies like solar, wind, and geothermal at installations and biofuels and efficient systems on ships and aircraft to cut costs and increase security.
describes the most upcoming technology of the world hyperloop.
which was proposed by elon musk a renowned scientist. it is a 5g mode of transportation to the new world. it is one of the up coming technology.it is a best project on technology. A Hyperloop is a proposed mode of passenger and/or freight transportation, first used to describe an open-source vactrain design released by a joint team from Tesla and SpaceX.[1] Drawing heavily from Robert Goddard's vactrain, a hyperloop is a sealed tube or system of tubes through which a pod may travel free of air resistance or friction conveying people or objects at high speed while being very efficien
What will Canada’s next big infrastructure project look like?AECOM
Since 2007, ReNew Canada magazine has tracked Canadian infrastructure development in its annual report, the Top 100: Canada’s biggest infrastructure projects. Ahead of the 2015 edition’s release, we take a closer look at the past overall 50 largest projects featured in the Top 100 to see what it might take for a project to earn a spot this year.
This document discusses how a new vehicle design concept called a "hypercar" could accelerate the transition to transportation powered by solar hydrogen. Hypercars would be much more efficient than current vehicles, requiring only 10-25 kW of power from proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). This smaller power requirement would allow PEMFCs to be adopted earlier at a lower cost. High production volumes of hypercars using PEMFCs could then drive down PEMFC costs enough to displace thermal power stations and encourage the emergence of hydrogen as a major renewable energy output.
Electric flight – Potential and Limitations (2012)Andrew Gelston
This document discusses the potential and limitations of electric flight. It begins by providing historical context on electric flight dating back to 1940. It then compares conventional propulsion systems that burn fuel to electric propulsion systems, noting batteries and fuel cells as two main energy storage options for electric systems. Batteries currently have much lower mass-specific energy density than kerosene-based fuels, presenting a major challenge. While electric propulsion systems can have higher efficiencies than combustion systems, the mass of current battery technology limits its application for aircraft. Advances in battery technology would be needed to overcome this limitation.
Prospects of Hyperloop Transportation Technology: A Case of ChinaDr. Amarjeet Singh
Hyperloop transportation technology is amongst
the most promising sustainable and climate-friendly
transportation systems of the modern era. Now China has
taken steps to build this transportation system in Tongren city,
which located on Guizhou's eastern part [8]. So far, not much
work has been conducted on the prospects of this technology,
especially for China. In this paper based on extensive
literature review, we have analyzed the prospects of this
technology in China. Furthermore, this article also discusses
the possible hurdles and proposes some suggestions for
overcoming the problems in the adoption of this climatefriendly technology.
Hyperloop history and current status in indiaSuresh Bishnoi
The document traces the history and development of hyperloop technology from early concepts in the 1800s to recent advancements and commercialization efforts. It notes key milestones such as the first prototype in 1867, theoretical descriptions in 1904, and more recent projects from 2000 onward. Currently, several companies are working to develop hyperloop systems, and the first human trial was conducted in 2020. The technology offers benefits like high speed, low cost, safety, and environmental friendliness. The first commercial project is planned between Mumbai and Pune in India.
This document presents information about the Hyperloop passenger transportation system proposed by Elon Musk. The Hyperloop would use vacuum tubes to enable passenger capsules to travel at speeds twice that of airplanes between cities. It has several advantages over existing modes of transportation such as being low cost, having low power consumption, offering very fast speeds, and being immune to weather. The document lists some example Hyperloop routes between cities in India, America, and Saudi Arabia and their estimated travel times. It also outlines some of the key components and technology behind the Hyperloop system as well as advantages and references used.
Manzi Roger Dusabimana presented on the California High Speed Rail system and its potential environmental impacts. The proposed 800-mile rail system would connect Sacramento to San Diego using trains that can reach speeds up to 220 mph. While the high-speed rail would be more environmentally friendly than driving or flying, it could negatively impact farmland and increase greenhouse gas emissions from energy production. The presentation evaluated these tradeoffs and proposed strategies to minimize environmental impacts, such as purchasing conservation easements to preserve farmland, using electricity from clean sources, and offsetting construction emissions through forestry programs.
This document discusses proposals to alter existing rapid transit (metro) systems to generate electricity and clean water. It proposes laying rails in a circular network with varying pier heights, collecting rainwater on pier tops. Water would flow to the lowest pier, where its kinetic energy could power a water turbine upon falling. Generated electricity and treated water could be used locally. While this could produce energy and water, the construction costs and efficiency may be low compared to existing systems.
The document summarizes a study on developing vessels that can travel at practical speeds using only renewable energy sources. It discusses Planet Solar, the first solar-powered vessel to circumnavigate the globe. While Planet Solar proved the concept, its average speed was only 3-4 knots. The study explores using higher efficiency solar technologies like HCPV and integrating wind power to allow for faster speeds suitable for commercial use. It proposes a hybrid solar-wind vessel design with a 100kW HCPV solar array and advanced batteries that could achieve fuel-free travel for vessels up to 200 feet long.
1) The document summarizes case studies of several cruise ships including their capacities, engines, propulsion systems, and estimated costs.
2) It also describes potential retrofit opportunities for improving energy efficiency aboard ships such as improving motor, pump and fan efficiency, improving electrical generation efficiency, and implementing waste heat recovery systems.
3) Key cost indicators for ship operations are provided including costs for various fuels, capital costs for engines and generators, and estimated costs for delivering electricity, producing potable water, and providing space cooling.
This presentation was done as a part of IMechE SOfE competition. The presentation is about the future of travel, current transportation issues and how look into the future.
Hyperloop was discuss and how it can change lives of people in UAE and Pakistan
Airships as low cost alternatives to communication satelliteSasidhar Reddy
i want to share my views on airship as low cost alternatives to communication satellite we have only pdf of this topic because i searched a lot i didn't find any ppt so i make it and presented well in my college so i am sharing this ppt to present easily and for infromation
Known for SpaceX and Tesla, Elon Musk launched the Hyperloop concept in 2013, a means of ultra-high-speed terrestrial transport by tube. Academics and engineers around the world have followed the visionary entrepreneur's lead and are developing their own tube-based transportation projects. Our brand new Emerging Trends report reviews the opportunities and challenges of this next-generation mode of transport.
– v 1.2
This document presents information about Elon Musk's concept of the hyperloop, a new mode of high-speed transportation consisting of capsules transported through low-pressure tubes. The hyperloop aims to be faster and less expensive than existing transportation options like rail. Some key challenges include ensuring sufficient space for passengers inside the capsule during turns and addressing issues of tube pressurization during earthquakes. While the hyperloop holds promise, further development is still needed to fully realize this new transportation system.
The document provides an overview of the Hyperloop high-speed transportation system, including what it is, who developed it, locations being considered, and how it works. Some key points:
- Elon Musk first proposed the idea in 2013 and released an initial design for a system connecting Los Angeles and San Francisco in under 35 minutes at speeds over 1200 km/h.
- Hyperloop uses pods or capsules that travel inside low pressure steel tubes, reducing air resistance and allowing very high speeds. The pods float on air cushions and are propelled by linear electric motors.
- Several companies are now working to develop Hyperloop systems, including Virgin Hyperloop One and Hyperloop Transportation Technologies. Proposed routes include
This document summarizes revisions made to DDS 200-1, which provides guidelines for calculating surface ship endurance fuel requirements. The revised DDS 200-1 incorporates three endurance conditions - surge to theater, economical transit, and operational presence. It also includes several calculation modifications such as using a sea state and fouling factor based on computational modeling rather than a fixed factor. The changes are intended to better align the endurance fuel calculations with fleet operational practices and optimize ship designs for fuel efficiency.
Analysis and Fabrication of Rollcage for Solar Vehiclepaperpublications3
Abstract: This work, focused on an idea about hybrid solar car technology which solves the major problem of fuel and pollution in present days. Determine how feasible widespread change to hybrids would be in future with all information taken into account, concluded that hybrids have several advantages as fuel efficient, low pollution. In the present work a complete drawing and drafting of hybrid solar car have been prepared using CATIA V5R19 software. After complete analysis of this drawing by using ANSYS 14.5 it is find out bear capability of load, stress, and strain of front & rear collision of car frame. A completed data are analyzed to examine the technical aspects of the hybrid car technology. Overall, hybrid technology has a lot of potential in the distant future, but as for right now they are not a significant applied over today’s internal combustion engine.
Jack Everts is the pipeline execution manager for ExxonMobil's proposed $45-65 billion Alaska LNG Project. The project aims to export liquefied natural gas from Alaska's North Slope by 2024 through two new pipelines. Everts, who recently moved into his current role, oversees planning for the pipelines and facilities. He has a civil engineering degree from Lamar University and believes civil engineering offers diverse job opportunities around the world.
The document summarizes the U.S. Navy's efforts to increase energy efficiency and use of alternative fuels to meet energy goals. It discusses the Navy's transition from sail to coal, oil, nuclear, and biofuel power sources over time. The Navy's goals include having 50% of energy come from alternative sources by 2020 and demonstrating a "Great Green Fleet" powered by biofuels by 2016. The Navy is focusing on energy efficiency through technologies like solar, wind, and geothermal at installations and biofuels and efficient systems on ships and aircraft to cut costs and increase security.
describes the most upcoming technology of the world hyperloop.
which was proposed by elon musk a renowned scientist. it is a 5g mode of transportation to the new world. it is one of the up coming technology.it is a best project on technology. A Hyperloop is a proposed mode of passenger and/or freight transportation, first used to describe an open-source vactrain design released by a joint team from Tesla and SpaceX.[1] Drawing heavily from Robert Goddard's vactrain, a hyperloop is a sealed tube or system of tubes through which a pod may travel free of air resistance or friction conveying people or objects at high speed while being very efficien
What will Canada’s next big infrastructure project look like?AECOM
Since 2007, ReNew Canada magazine has tracked Canadian infrastructure development in its annual report, the Top 100: Canada’s biggest infrastructure projects. Ahead of the 2015 edition’s release, we take a closer look at the past overall 50 largest projects featured in the Top 100 to see what it might take for a project to earn a spot this year.
This document discusses how a new vehicle design concept called a "hypercar" could accelerate the transition to transportation powered by solar hydrogen. Hypercars would be much more efficient than current vehicles, requiring only 10-25 kW of power from proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). This smaller power requirement would allow PEMFCs to be adopted earlier at a lower cost. High production volumes of hypercars using PEMFCs could then drive down PEMFC costs enough to displace thermal power stations and encourage the emergence of hydrogen as a major renewable energy output.
Electric flight – Potential and Limitations (2012)Andrew Gelston
This document discusses the potential and limitations of electric flight. It begins by providing historical context on electric flight dating back to 1940. It then compares conventional propulsion systems that burn fuel to electric propulsion systems, noting batteries and fuel cells as two main energy storage options for electric systems. Batteries currently have much lower mass-specific energy density than kerosene-based fuels, presenting a major challenge. While electric propulsion systems can have higher efficiencies than combustion systems, the mass of current battery technology limits its application for aircraft. Advances in battery technology would be needed to overcome this limitation.
Prospects of Hyperloop Transportation Technology: A Case of ChinaDr. Amarjeet Singh
Hyperloop transportation technology is amongst
the most promising sustainable and climate-friendly
transportation systems of the modern era. Now China has
taken steps to build this transportation system in Tongren city,
which located on Guizhou's eastern part [8]. So far, not much
work has been conducted on the prospects of this technology,
especially for China. In this paper based on extensive
literature review, we have analyzed the prospects of this
technology in China. Furthermore, this article also discusses
the possible hurdles and proposes some suggestions for
overcoming the problems in the adoption of this climatefriendly technology.
Hyperloop history and current status in indiaSuresh Bishnoi
The document traces the history and development of hyperloop technology from early concepts in the 1800s to recent advancements and commercialization efforts. It notes key milestones such as the first prototype in 1867, theoretical descriptions in 1904, and more recent projects from 2000 onward. Currently, several companies are working to develop hyperloop systems, and the first human trial was conducted in 2020. The technology offers benefits like high speed, low cost, safety, and environmental friendliness. The first commercial project is planned between Mumbai and Pune in India.
This document presents information about the Hyperloop passenger transportation system proposed by Elon Musk. The Hyperloop would use vacuum tubes to enable passenger capsules to travel at speeds twice that of airplanes between cities. It has several advantages over existing modes of transportation such as being low cost, having low power consumption, offering very fast speeds, and being immune to weather. The document lists some example Hyperloop routes between cities in India, America, and Saudi Arabia and their estimated travel times. It also outlines some of the key components and technology behind the Hyperloop system as well as advantages and references used.
Manzi Roger Dusabimana presented on the California High Speed Rail system and its potential environmental impacts. The proposed 800-mile rail system would connect Sacramento to San Diego using trains that can reach speeds up to 220 mph. While the high-speed rail would be more environmentally friendly than driving or flying, it could negatively impact farmland and increase greenhouse gas emissions from energy production. The presentation evaluated these tradeoffs and proposed strategies to minimize environmental impacts, such as purchasing conservation easements to preserve farmland, using electricity from clean sources, and offsetting construction emissions through forestry programs.
This document discusses proposals to alter existing rapid transit (metro) systems to generate electricity and clean water. It proposes laying rails in a circular network with varying pier heights, collecting rainwater on pier tops. Water would flow to the lowest pier, where its kinetic energy could power a water turbine upon falling. Generated electricity and treated water could be used locally. While this could produce energy and water, the construction costs and efficiency may be low compared to existing systems.
The document summarizes a study on developing vessels that can travel at practical speeds using only renewable energy sources. It discusses Planet Solar, the first solar-powered vessel to circumnavigate the globe. While Planet Solar proved the concept, its average speed was only 3-4 knots. The study explores using higher efficiency solar technologies like HCPV and integrating wind power to allow for faster speeds suitable for commercial use. It proposes a hybrid solar-wind vessel design with a 100kW HCPV solar array and advanced batteries that could achieve fuel-free travel for vessels up to 200 feet long.
Facebook Garage / Open Graph PresentationIMA_School
The document provides an overview of building apps using the Open Graph platform on Facebook. It discusses defining actions and objects, publishing actions, adding references between objects, tagging locations, focusing on mobile, and enabling translations for apps. The Open Graph allows apps to integrate with Facebook's distribution and achieve greater reach through stories and aggregations across News Feed, Ticker, and Timeline.
La lepra es una enfermedad infecciosa crónica causada por Mycobacterium leprae que afecta principalmente la piel y los nervios. Se clasifica en dos tipos principales, lepromatoso y tuberculoide, dependiendo de la respuesta inmune del huésped. Puede causar daño permanente a los nervios si no se trata, y se transmite principalmente a través del contacto directo con una persona infectada.
This document discusses new technologies for perpetual mobility and sustainment on water using renewable energy sources. It begins by introducing the author and their background and interest in oceans. It then discusses current ideas for beating the cost of mobility at sea through solar power and wind technologies like ducted wind turbines, airborne wind turbines, and sky sails. New battery technologies are presented as solutions for energy storage, including liquid metal batteries. The document argues that selecting fossil fuels over electricity was a costly mistake and reviews solar photovoltaic and concentrating photovoltaic technologies. It analyzes the impact of improving solar cell efficiencies on reducing the size of solar catchment areas. The document concludes by outlining the key elements needed for achieving total
Broadcasting to the masses or building communitiesnermal51
This document analyzes political parties' use of websites and social media during recent elections in Germany, the UK, Poland, and France. It finds that parties have adopted a more interactive approach online, moving beyond just broadcasting messages. Parties now focus on persuasion and mobilizing existing supporters through their websites and social media platforms like Twitter and Facebook. Larger, more popular parties tend to have larger online followings and communities compared to smaller parties. The size of a party's online following on social media seems correlated with its overall level of electoral support.
This document discusses technologies for achieving perpetual mobility and sustainment on water using solar and wind power. It summarizes recent developments in solar photovoltaic and concentrated photovoltaic technologies that have increased efficiency. Concentrated photovoltaics in particular allow for a reduction in the size of solar panels needed while maintaining or increasing power output. The document also proposes using these solar technologies together with battery storage, hydrogen fuel cells, and small wind turbines to create systems capable of powering vessels indefinitely without fossil fuels.
This document summarizes a study analyzing the feasibility of using solar and wind power to power vessels at practical speeds without fossil fuels. It discusses Planet Solar, the first solar-powered vessel to circumnavigate the globe between 2009-2012. While Planet Solar proved solar power can move vessels, its average speed was only 3-4 knots. The study explores technology improvements like higher efficiency solar panels and energy storage to enable faster, more practical speeds for commercial use at zero fuel costs. These include concepts like a hybrid solar/hydrogen vessel.
This document summarizes literature on the evaluation of steam jet ejectors. It discusses their use in refrigeration, air conditioning, and other industries. Semi-empirical models are developed to design and rate ejectors, giving the entrainment ratio as a function of expansion and pressure ratios. Correlations are also developed for motive steam pressure and area ratios as functions of operating pressures and entrainment ratio. The models are based on manufacturer and experimental data and allow full ejector design based on operating conditions. Optimum operation occurs at critical conditions, and higher entrainment ratios result from lower boiler/condenser pressures and higher evaporator temperatures. Variable position nozzles and multi-ejector systems improve performance.
This document discusses technologies for powering vessels using renewable energy sources like solar and wind. It summarizes recent solar-powered circumnavigations and the advantages of concentrated photovoltaics (CPV) for generating electricity from solar power. CPV could allow for a 70% reduction in the size of solar panels needed. The document also discusses using solar power to produce hydrogen fuel for fuel cells, vertical axis wind turbines, towing kites to reduce fuel usage, and new DC electric motor and micro-grid technologies. It proposes a prototype hybrid solar/wind power system for a 80' x 20' vessel to demonstrate these technologies.
The document discusses solar powered aircrafts. It provides an introduction to solar powered planes, explaining that they use solar panels on their wings to gather solar energy and recharge batteries that power propellers, allowing the planes to stay airborne for up to 26 hours. It then covers various topics related to solar aircrafts, including their concept and working, evolution over time, types that exist, challenges they face, and specifics of the Solar Impulse aircraft including its specifications and flight achievements. Advantages are renewable energy source and lack of emissions, while disadvantages include inefficiency of solar panels and reliance on sunlight.
Botkin, Daniel B. Environmental Science Earth as a Living Planet,.docxAASTHA76
Botkin, Daniel B. Environmental Science: Earth as a Living Planet, 9th Edition. Wiley, 2013-12-23. VitalBook file.
Every other October since 1987, solar-powered cars have raced from Darwin to Adelaide, Australia, in the World Solar Challenge, an 2,900 km (1,800 mi) route that puts the latest alternative-energy technology to the test. The cars can run only on sunlight that their solar cells capture and convert to electricity. Electric motors that are at least 90% efficient are necessary. Racing teams are usually comprised of college students, and teams are backed by major aerospace and high-tech corporations. The eleventh race, held in 2011, was won by a Japanese team; a Netherlands team finished second, and the fast- est U.S. team, from the University of Michigan, finished third. Drivers had to avoid a bushfire, wallabies, cattle, sheep, lizards, and strong winds.1 Top speeds ranged from 143–154 km/hr (89–95 mph), and the average speed of the winning car was about 70 mph.
Suppose you decided to organize a team from your university, design and build a solar-powered car, and enter the race. Here’s the challenge: The roof of an automobile is just barely large enough to hold a solar panel that can gather enough energy to drive a car. It can’t power a regular sedan or SUV, and it can just barely power any car at all. How would you win? Should you build a car that, under the race rules, has the largest solar-powered area and tries to gather as much sunlight as possible, making the car as heavy as you can? Or would you opt for energy efficiency and build the lightest car, trading off a larger energy in- put for greater energy efficiency? Would you spend money and add weight to make the car’s shape as aerodynamic as possible, so that it would have the least resistance from the wind? And how about reliability? Would you build a stronger, therefore heavier car, or would you place your bet on the sleekest, lightest, car?
The car built by the Netherlands Nuon team, the Luna 6, had three wheels, a body made of carbon fiber, and solar panels covering nearly every inch of its top surface. The students who designed it tested a model in a wind tunnel
14.1 Outlook for energy
Energy Today and Tomorrow
The decisions we make today will affect energy use for generations. Should we choose complex, centralized en- ergy production methods, or simpler and widely dispersed
by covering it with oil; the oil activated an ultraviolet light used to highlight any impediments to its aerodynamic de- sign. The Luna 6 was 140 kg (308 lb), 20 kg (44 lb) lighter than the Luna 5 designed two years before.
The Tokai Challenger 2, also a three-wheeler, featured carbon monocoque construction on its top surface that incorporated a 6-m square array of silicon solar cells.
The Netherlands team lost out to the Tokai Challeng- er 2 largely because of the gains the Japanese team made on Day 3 of the four-and-a-half-day race, wrote British Diederik Kinds in The Register.2 He analyzed the ra ...
This document is a report on a project to design a vertical axis wind turbine. It includes an introduction that discusses wind energy and the advantages of vertical axis turbines. It then summarizes the key parts of a vertical axis wind turbine, including the base structure, blades, shaft, bearings, and electric dynamo. The report also categorizes and describes different types of vertical axis wind turbines, such as Savonius, Darrieus, and hybrid designs. Overall, the document provides an overview of vertical axis wind turbines and the project to design one.
Design And Analysis of Buoyant Wind TurbineIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and analysis of a buoyant air turbine (BAT), a type of airborne wind energy system. The BAT differs from a traditional wind turbine in that it floats in the air, anchored to the ground by cables. CFD analysis is performed on a BAT model designed in CREO software to analyze pressure, velocity, lift and drag forces at wind velocities of 3-6 m/s. Results show that maximum pressure, outlet velocity, drag force, and lift force all increase with higher wind velocity. The analysis demonstrates the BAT concept and evaluates its performance under different wind conditions.
This report analyzes the feasibility of transforming a parking lot at Kansas State University into a solar parking lot using solar road panels. Theoretical calculations estimate the parking lot could generate over 2 million kWh of energy per year, worth approximately $188,520. It would require a minimum of 32,492 solar panels at an estimated total cost of $20,955,580, resulting in a payback period of over 111 years. While the solar road panels can withstand heavy loads and include snow removal features, they remain in the prototyping stage and are not yet cost-effective for large-scale projects. The report recommends KSU wait until production begins and costs decrease before implementing a solar parking lot.
This document proposes a method for generating electricity from wind induced by moving vehicles like trains. The system would involve installing wind turbines on trains that would capture the high-pressure wind created as the train moves. As the turbines spin, a generator would convert the kinetic energy of the wind into electrical energy. This presents a renewable energy solution that could harness wind power from trains continuously throughout the year. The document outlines the objectives, introduction, energy requirements, background, method, basic diagram, model, working principle, advantages, limitations, applications, cost economics and conclusion of the proposed train-mounted wind turbine system.
The energy vision for the U.S. calls for dramatic increases in the use of wind power by the year 2050.
The use of offshore wind farms will play a vital role in achieving this goal. Even though there are some
challenges with implementing wind power in the Gulf of Mexico, the advantages and benefits should allow the
U.S. to overcome these challenges.
This document proposes harvesting renewable wind energy produced by passing vehicles on major highways. It suggests designing a small, vertical-axis turbine mounted on existing highway barriers that converts wind energy into electricity. The turbine would be made of durable materials resistant to weather conditions in Pennsylvania. If successful, the system could provide a meaningful amount of clean energy to the grid, raising awareness of renewable alternatives while reducing pollution from traffic. The proposal aims to efficiently capture wasted wind energy near highways in an environmentally-friendly way.
Design and fabrication of solar conentrator ( content )Kavin Prasath KS
This document provides an introduction and overview of solar energy and solar collectors. It discusses how solar energy can help address the global energy crisis by providing a renewable source of energy. It describes different applications of solar energy, including electricity generation. The document then summarizes several research papers on topics related to solar collectors and parabolic trough collectors specifically. It discusses studies that have analyzed the efficiency and performance of compound parabolic concentrators and parabolic trough collectors. The document also reviews the state of parabolic trough solar power technology and research efforts to improve its economics.
This document summarizes wireless power transmission via solar power satellites. It discusses how solar power can be captured in space using photovoltaic cells on satellites and transmitted to Earth via microwave beams. The power would be received on Earth using large antenna arrays called rectennas that convert the microwave energy back into electricity. Some key advantages of this system include that solar power can be collected 24/7 in space and transmitted to areas on Earth where it is needed most. While technical feasibility has been established, high launch costs remain a barrier, and further cost reductions will be needed to make the system economically viable on a large scale.
This document is a seminar report on underwater windmills presented by Jadhav Lalit Vilas. It discusses the history and working of underwater windmills, also called tidal stream turbines. These operate similar to regular wind turbines but are placed underwater to harness the kinetic energy of tidal currents. The report outlines the various components, design challenges, power generation potential, research needs, advantages and disadvantages of underwater windmills. It concludes that tidal power is a renewable source that could meet some of the future energy demands if technical and economic issues are addressed.
Part #1Unit IVAnnotated Bibliography APA Formatting In Text Ci.docxdanhaley45372
Part #1
Unit IVAnnotated Bibliography APA Formatting In Text Citations
For this assignment, you will choose a topic and research sources for your final project.
In Unit VIII of this course, you will be developing an academic poster using PowerPoint on one of the issues covered in this course. You may choose any of the issues covered in the course textbook. See Unit VIII Final Project for more details. BOS 3551, Use Six sources to support your final project topic.
Provide a one-paragraph summary of 3 articles and two-paragraph summary for 3 articles. APA rules for formatting, quoting, paraphrasing, citing, and listing of sources are to be followed.
Your annotated bibliography should be at least two pages in length and include a title page (not part of the page count requirement.
Part #2
Unit VIII Final Project See Project Template below:
Using the sources from your Unit IV Outline and the template provided below, create an academic poster presentation Environmental Issues 4 PowerPoint.
The poster should consist of a single PowerPoint slide. There should be at least 900 words of text in paragraph form on your poster, and you should include at least four images (e.g., graphic, photo, table).
Be sure to include headings (as indicated) and use appropriate spacing and fonts so that your poster communicates your message clearly.
Submit your completed template (Word document) and your completed poster (as a power point) for grading.
Unit VIII Final Project Template
TITLE:
BACKGROUND ON ISSUE:
DEFINITION OF PROBLEM:
POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS:
ONE SOLUTION:
CONCLUSION:
GRAPHICS (3):
BOS 3551
1
“The oceans are in constant motion, rippling, swirling, swelling, retreating. As wind blows across the surface, waves are formed. As the gravitational forces of earth, moon, and sun interact, tides are created. These are among the most powerful and constant dynamics on earth.
Wave- and tidal-energy systems harness natural oceanic flows to generate electricity. A variety of companies, utilities, universities, and governments are working to realize the promise of consistent and predictable ocean energy, which currently accounts for a fraction of global electricity generation. Early technologies date back more than two centuries, with modern designs emerging in the 1960s, thanks especially to the work of Japanese naval commander Yoshio Masuda and his 1947 invention of the oscillating water column (OWC). As a wave or tide rises within an OWC, air is displaced and pushed through a turbine, creating electricity. With the ongoing movement of ocean waters, air is compressed and decompressed continuously. It is the same principle used in whistling buoys, which draw on compressed air to create noise near treacherous shoals or outcroppings. Today, there are several OWC power plants in the world.
The appeal of wave and tidal energy is its constancy: No energy storage is required. And while communities often resist the presence of wind turbines along ridges or shoreline.
This document provides an overview and comparative analysis of different solar energy technologies, including photovoltaics (PV), concentrated photovoltaics (CPV), solar thermal technologies, and solar chimneys. It discusses the installed capacity and levelized cost of energy for each technology. PV capacity has grown significantly from 2004-2014, with total capacity reaching 177GW in 2014. Solar thermal capacity has also increased substantially over this period, reaching 4.4GW globally by the end of 2014. While solar chimneys remain experimental, the first 50MW plant is scheduled for completion in India in 2017. The document analyzes the technical and economic feasibility of these solar technologies as alternatives to fossil fuels.
There are the following global challenges:
• lack of energy
• lack of fresh water
• environmental problem
• saving the climate and life on the planet
The existing technology does not allow to avoid the potential disaster in 2050-2100. Suggested technology (Air Hydro Electric Station, Artificial Hydro Power) is perhaps the only one way that allows to avoid this.
Water Cycle is the most powerful process in Nature – about 1/4 of Sun’s Energy. Since the annual precipitation is about 1 m of rainfall, it matches a huge power ~ 800 TW that is more than 60 times greater than all the current needs of humanity and more than 400 times greater than all electrical power stations.
Why the usual Hydro power gives so little from Water Cycle power? Because the flow of all rivers is 11 times less than all precipitation and all rivers power is 200 times less than Cloud Power.
How to avoid this power loss?
• Collect water in place where it condenses really, i.e. directly in clouds
• Use all possible hydro power head in any place of land or ocean
We suggest the technology for realization this idea – Air HES, that allows to get water directly from clouds (by using a fog collector technology) in order to create artificial Hydro Power anywhere worldwide.
Major trend is the transition to renewable energy sources. It then becomes clear that resources are only sufficient for sun and (possibly) wind. Traditional hydro power does not have enough resources. However, the use of cloud energy changes this assessment.
Principally it results from economics. All three methods of conversion (PV, wind, clouds) are the same order of magnitude of the energy density (~ 100 W/m2) , but only for Air HES all this energy with virtually no loss can be merged into one point (pipe/turbine), making part of the proportional m2 far cheaper than other alternatives. This implies ROI > 1000% that allows quickly rebuild the energetics and successfully pass the collapse of energy & climate in 2050.
Wireless power transmission via solar power satellite seminar reportbharathi345
This document discusses wireless power transmission via solar power satellites. It describes how solar energy could be collected in space via solar panels on satellites and transmitted to Earth via microwave beams. This would allow for continuous power generation without limitations from nighttime or weather. Several key advantages of this space-based solar power system are highlighted, such as generating power 24/7 and delivering it anywhere on Earth. The technical feasibility of wireless power transmission has been demonstrated, though significant cost reductions would be needed for solar power satellites to be economically viable compared to other energy sources.
Lattice Energy LLC - Revolutionary LENRs Could Power Future Aircraft and Oth...Lewis Larsen
Technologists at NASA, Boeing, and California Polytechnic have been investigating alluring possibility of using ‘green’ low energy nuclear reactions (LENRs) to power future aircraft.
Large Japanese companies such as Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and Toyota, among others, have active R&D programs and patent filings in LENRs and are publishing some of their experimental results in peer-reviewed science and engineering journals. It appears likely that their ultimate goal is to replace the internal combustion engine.
After decades of inaction and benign neglect, incredibly cautious and conservative U.S. Dept. of Energy has belatedly recognized LENRs; it is now willing to entertain proposals for modest amounts of funding through its transformational technology breakthrough arm, ARPA-E.
LENRs could revolutionize the world as we know it today if the technology is successfully commercialized and scales-up to several hundred kWh from just Watts today in laboratory devices; megawatt power outputs are only required for a small percentage of applications
Widom-Larsen theory explains device physics behind LENRs; it is published and fully consistent with a large body of peer-reviewed, published experimental data. Altogether, this implies that commercialization of the technology is possible and in fact likely. That said, non-trivial engineering lies between small, unreliable milliwatt laboratory devices of today and scaled-up high performance multi-kilowatt commercial products of tomorrow. Somebody or somebodies, somewhere, will eventually succeed --- Lattice will play a role in this process.
The document discusses Green (Cell) Shipping as a method to increase sustainability and efficiency in the shipping industry. Green (Cell) Shipping involves powering ships primarily through renewable energy sources like solar and wind power stored in on-board batteries. This allows ships to reduce or eliminate their reliance on diesel engines and fuel. The document provides several examples of pilot projects using this technology, including a converted research vessel in Canada and cargo ships in Europe powered by hydrogen fuel cells and solar panels. It concludes that while renewable energy technologies still need improvements, Green (Cell) Shipping has the potential to significantly reduce emissions and costs in the shipping industry.
Cal Marine Power & Water "straw" scam presentationFingerPointer
This document was created to entice investors into a snare - the words Nigerian Scam ring a bell - Investors Beware it screams....scam, fraud all come to mind....
Search for John Cutten Fraudster....
Strategies for the Success of Nuclear Powered Commercial Shippingwww.thiiink.com
ABSTRACT
The development of nuclear powered commercial ships has taken on greater
importance beyond transporting cargo cheaper. Increasing limitations on Sulfur Oxide
emissions from ships has put the global maritime industry on a search for economical
ways to meet current and future environmental regulations. With the inevitable
development of trans-Arctic shipping, nuclear power is the only means of preventing the
phenomenon of “graying of the ice”, which is the deposition of black carbon soot
particles on snow and ice from oil and natural gas burning engines, leading to increased
heat retention and melting. However, unless these next generation nuclear powered
ships are cost-effective and can achieve an acceptable level of safety, they will not be
deployed and their environmental advantages not realized. This paper discusses in
qualitative terms methods for the cost-effective and safe development of nuclear
powered commercial ships for world trade, specifically by a United States initiated
program. Discussed are changes to the nuclear regulatory model that can alleviate
certain economic burdens that ship-sized nuclear reactors may face, and
recommendations are made for how industry can actively lower nuclear power’s high
upfront costs. Emphasis is placed on the development of an inherently safe, widemarket
application reactor that can achieve these cost and safety goals.
Optimal routing development based on real voyage data presented by_sewonkimSEWON KIM
This document summarizes a joint session between Korean and Japanese organizations on developing optimal routing for smart ships based on real voyage data. It discusses challenges in autonomous vessel technology including route optimization. A case study was presented on estimating fuel consumption for a container ship voyage from Yokohama to San Francisco using modeled resistance calculations calibrated to real voyage data. The optimal route reduced fuel consumption by 4% compared to the great circle route. The session concluded autonomous vessels are becoming reality sooner than expected due to increasing collaboration between industries and researchers.
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024Hiroshi SHIBATA
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
Digital Banking in the Cloud: How Citizens Bank Unlocked Their MainframePrecisely
Inconsistent user experience and siloed data, high costs, and changing customer expectations – Citizens Bank was experiencing these challenges while it was attempting to deliver a superior digital banking experience for its clients. Its core banking applications run on the mainframe and Citizens was using legacy utilities to get the critical mainframe data to feed customer-facing channels, like call centers, web, and mobile. Ultimately, this led to higher operating costs (MIPS), delayed response times, and longer time to market.
Ever-changing customer expectations demand more modern digital experiences, and the bank needed to find a solution that could provide real-time data to its customer channels with low latency and operating costs. Join this session to learn how Citizens is leveraging Precisely to replicate mainframe data to its customer channels and deliver on their “modern digital bank” experiences.
[OReilly Superstream] Occupy the Space: A grassroots guide to engineering (an...Jason Yip
The typical problem in product engineering is not bad strategy, so much as “no strategy”. This leads to confusion, lack of motivation, and incoherent action. The next time you look for a strategy and find an empty space, instead of waiting for it to be filled, I will show you how to fill it in yourself. If you’re wrong, it forces a correction. If you’re right, it helps create focus. I’ll share how I’ve approached this in the past, both what works and lessons for what didn’t work so well.
Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing.pdfssuserfac0301
Read Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing to gain insights on AI adoption in the manufacturing industry, such as:
1. How quickly AI is being implemented in manufacturing.
2. Which barriers stand in the way of AI adoption.
3. How data quality and governance form the backbone of AI.
4. Organizational processes and structures that may inhibit effective AI adoption.
6. Ideas and approaches to help build your organization's AI strategy.
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
Your One-Stop Shop for Python Success: Top 10 US Python Development Providersakankshawande
Simplify your search for a reliable Python development partner! This list presents the top 10 trusted US providers offering comprehensive Python development services, ensuring your project's success from conception to completion.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and MilvusZilliz
During this demo, the founders of Secludy will demonstrate how their system utilizes Milvus to store and manipulate embeddings for generating privacy-protected synthetic data. Their approach not only maintains the confidentiality of the original data but also enhances the utility and scalability of LLMs under privacy constraints. Attendees, including machine learning engineers, data scientists, and data managers, will witness first-hand how Secludy's integration with Milvus empowers organizations to harness the power of LLMs securely and efficiently.
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
"Choosing proper type of scaling", Olena SyrotaFwdays
Imagine an IoT processing system that is already quite mature and production-ready and for which client coverage is growing and scaling and performance aspects are life and death questions. The system has Redis, MongoDB, and stream processing based on ksqldb. In this talk, firstly, we will analyze scaling approaches and then select the proper ones for our system.
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdfChart Kalyan
A Mix Chart displays historical data of numbers in a graphical or tabular form. The Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart specifically shows the results of a sequence of numbers over different periods.
Dandelion Hashtable: beyond billion requests per second on a commodity serverAntonios Katsarakis
This slide deck presents DLHT, a concurrent in-memory hashtable. Despite efforts to optimize hashtables, that go as far as sacrificing core functionality, state-of-the-art designs still incur multiple memory accesses per request and block request processing in three cases. First, most hashtables block while waiting for data to be retrieved from memory. Second, open-addressing designs, which represent the current state-of-the-art, either cannot free index slots on deletes or must block all requests to do so. Third, index resizes block every request until all objects are copied to the new index. Defying folklore wisdom, DLHT forgoes open-addressing and adopts a fully-featured and memory-aware closed-addressing design based on bounded cache-line-chaining. This design offers lock-free index operations and deletes that free slots instantly, (2) completes most requests with a single memory access, (3) utilizes software prefetching to hide memory latencies, and (4) employs a novel non-blocking and parallel resizing. In a commodity server and a memory-resident workload, DLHT surpasses 1.6B requests per second and provides 3.5x (12x) the throughput of the state-of-the-art closed-addressing (open-addressing) resizable hashtable on Gets (Deletes).
Leveraging the Graph for Clinical Trials and Standards
16 7 hsvw nl#46 c
1. HJ&A Newsletter Issue #36, 2014Q4 (Updated 2016Q2)
The Life Cycle Way explores Energy, Transportation, Aerospace & Defense (A&D) issues and solutions that
impact Performance and Life Cycle Costs. Much of our research has been focused on cost drivers that have
the greatest impact on the Life Cycle costs of which energy is undoubtedly the most significant. There is
unanimous agreement that fossil fuel over the last decade has most affected transportation costs - hence
our preoccupation have been with new technologies that can unshackle the ties to oil and get us out of
fossil fuel bondage. Over the last decade we have addressed generic growth in performance of aircraft
mostly with focus on Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC) improvements. Between 2005 and 2014 SFC
developments are claiming15-20% improvement, but this performance has lost ground to increases in the
cost of jet fuel that has increased by 30+% during the same period (NL#10, 17, 25, 26, 29, 32p, 33p). We
have explored exotic solutions such as hybrid nuclear powered commercial aircraft both in terms of new
technology and potentially vast reduction in fuel cost (NL#32p, 33p, 34a). We have analyzed electric flight
with solar and batteries addressing energy issues of Specific Density (Wh/Kg) and Volumetric Density
(Wh/L) for improvements in energy storage (NL#26). We have investigated use of electric propulsion for
naval ships in connection with the introduction of the “all electric” fuel cell powered destroyer USS DDG-
1000 Zumwalt that started its sea trails in December 2015, we have explored electric performance for
improvement impact on mission costs(NL#28), and Hybrid Electric Ion Thruster for space travel (NL#41).
In this issue we are diverting somewhat from our normal format, in order to look in detail at what it will
take achieve practical speed on water by the use of only solar and wind power and solar hydrogen power.
With energy impacting all aspect of technology developments, and especially transportation - we are
looking for innovations to meet the design challenges, development and manufacturing of all powered
systems (transportation consumes 70% of all oil). In this issue of The Life Cycle Way, we are attempting to
demonstrate how to travel at practical speeds on water without fossil fuel by deploying new concepts in
motive power for vessels in the 80 x 200 feet size class - developments that can impact commercial,
government and military activities alike. The article summarizes the findings of a three year Study:
Perpetual Mobility and Sustainment on Water – Net Zero Energy Cost No Longer a Panacea – the text
compares Solar PV Vessel , Hybrid Solar HCPV Vessel and Hybrid Solar Hydrogen Vessel.
(This article appeared on HJA Solutions’ blog in 2015Q1 and received 20,000+ hits in 30 days).
Email: henning@hjaSolutions.com, Contact: Henning Jacobsen: (514) 214-4245, Blog at http://www.hja-solutions.simplesite.com
2. Perpetual Mobility and Sustainment on Water –
Net Zero Energy Cost No Longer a Panacea
INTRO
With exception of the two Great Wars the cost of oil was a great deal until the Yon Kippur War in 1956 and the
various Middle East wars that followed, with the OPEC cartel taking advantage of any and all political instability
in the Middle East to increase the cost of oil to meet their nations’ emerging social costs, which has been seen as
nothing short of holding the world’s economies hostage. Most analysts have stated that the fuel prices will in the
long run grow substantially as less conventional oil can be produced and demand throughout the world will
continue to outpace production even with the advent of shale oil from fracking – which incidentally is oil of less
quality, is harder to extract, limited in quantity and more expensive to produce, a situation that signals
substantial price increases over the next decade, even if it is hard to understand with the very low oil prices in
2014-15. It is inevitable that the growth in oil prices will hold mankind in bondage - until a disruptive technology
can be found. Could solar electric energy be the solution?
In September of 2009 Planet Solar became the first Photovoltaic (PV) solar only powered vessel to
circumnavigate the planet, to prove the feasibility of solar generated electricity as a source to move vessels in
perpetuity - eliminating fuel cost. In the period between 9/2009 and 2011/2 HJA Solutions studied the
performance of Planet Solar in order to identify and find improvements for a next generation vessel design for
perpetual travel on water at practical speeds both for commercial vessels and pleasure boats. During Planet
Solar’s two year circumnavigation, we had a dialogue with Dr. Pascal Goulpié, the science member of the Planet
Solar team, who provided helpful information on the technical aspect and the key issues of the circumnavigation.
This information has greatly aided our Study by providing benchmarking data needed to identify and quantify
new technology improvements that can be integrated into a next generation Hybrid Solar/Wind Vessel
(HSCPV/W). This article presents the key findings from our Study.
3. HJA Solutions objective has been to determine to what extent Planet Solar’s around the world trip signals a way
forward in determining what is realistic and practical in electric propulsion for future vessels. Planet Solar’s
circumnavigation took place with frequent stops in many cities around the world to promote solar motive
power. The intermittent stops along the way have made it difficult to establish the true cruising speed of Planet
Solar. The most common speed during sunny calm days was 6-8 knots with short sprints up to 14 knots having
been recorded (1h in duration). At times when the sun was absent Planet Solar travelled aided by battery
capacity for up to 48 hours. By studying the Planet Solar log, it appears that the overall average underway
speed throughout the circumnavigation (40,000km/26,400 miles) was only 3-4 knots, an observation that may
show that Planet Solar is not economical for commercial transit based on the use of 2009 PV technology. In
addition, the $20+ million price tag for the vessel shows that the concept has a long way to go to reached
economical viability - when amortized against the savings in cost of fossil fuel. Planet Solar’s PV technology
reached cell efficiency of 25% DC in the 2014 upgrade; it is seen as the limit for mono-crystalline silicon (c-Si)
for further growth. For the purpose of our Study, Planet Solar has been an excellent platform for benchmarking
improvements in solar technology as well as sustainment systems, battery developments, power management
and vessel design - all developments required for a Next Generation practical vessel for perpetual travel at
reasonable speeds and at zero fuel cost.
Past Power Generating Ideas
Magazines like Popular Science and Popular Mechanics have since the 1950s frequently displayed solar,
battery and wind technology solutions on its pages, but with the low cost of oil not much happen until the first
oil embargo in 1973. It took until the 1990s before we could see renewable energy alternatives of a practical
nature, but at very high costs. In early 2006 we saw proliferation of solar and wind generated power
accompanied by rapid cost reduction making renewable technologies a real contender in several energy fields.
Most developments were for stationary utility use, but there have been some mobility experiments prior to
Planet Solar, the most noteworthy was the Sun21, a 40 foot catamaran with a PV solar panel roof that crossed
the Atlantic in 2007, but not until 2009 and the advent of Planet Solar did we see a full-fledged scientific
expedition setting out to prove that solar powered vessel could be used for ocean crossings.
4. The Turanor - Planet Solar
Swiss engineer Raphael Domjan had long dreamt of circumnavigating the planet without the use of internal
combustion engines, his dream was realized during 566 days between 2009/9 and 2012/2 when he circled the
planet on a 102 foot long x 49 foot wide catamaran weighing 95tons with an upper PV solar panel deck area of
5,059SF, plus extendable flaps and wings that when deployed added another 780SF - making the total solar
field 5,839SF. The flaps and wings appear to have been an after-thought to ensure that more power could be
available in an emergency. The topside solar surface was covered with 38,000 PV solar cells with a total
nameplate of 93.5kW peak(p) power capacity, producing electricity during times of the day when solar power
production occurs at equator average 7-8 hours during the summer months, and in the temperate zone at 5-6
hours – both conservative estimates.
0.9
1.6
2.6
4.0
4.9 5.2 5.4
4.6
3.3
2.0
1.1
0.7
1.1
1.9
3.1
4.7
5.8
6.1 6.3
5.4
3.9
2.4
1.3
0.8
1.2
2.3
3.6
5.5
6.8
7.2 7.4
6.4
4.6
2.8
1.6
1.0
1.5
2.7
4.3
6.5
8.1
8.5 8.8
7.6
5.5
3.3
1.8
1.2
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
60˚ up 40˚-60˚ 20˚-40˚ 0˚ - 20˚
The Solar energy is free but it is intermittent with few sunshine hours varying by the
latitude and ultimately depending on energy storage for continues available Load.
Solar Fuel: Annual Average Sunshine Hours Monthly by Latitude
5. The Planet Solar’s energy field output is achieved by the use of mono-crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar panels that
in 2009 had efficiency of 23.5% DC for Cell, 21.2% DC for Array and 18.1% AC for System (Array is used
interchangeably with panel and module); SunPower’s c-Si was the highest efficiency PV production panel in
the industry at the time. The PV panels, in addition to providing Motive Power, also had to provide the
onboard Hotel Load a requirement that varies with the size of vessels, number of crew and the level of
comfort desired (ranging between 20kWh and 60kWh daily for vessels between 80 and 200 feet).
The Planet Solar can achieve dash speed powered by four 30kW electric motors (two in each of the two
outriggers) while two 10kW motors are used for normal cruising (one in each of the two outriggers). The
adjustment of power from one motor to the other was used to steer the vessel which eliminated the need for a
rudder (the engine steering system suffered a breakdown in the Pacific Ocean in 2012 – and during the 2013
upgrade a rudder was added).
Depending on the status of the battery charge, power is apportioned between electric motors and the hotel
load. By down selecting to the two 10kWp motors and deferring most onboard utility power consumption – it
will allow the vessel to extent its non-solar travel time until the sun emerges again.
To enhance the effective use of power, the design chosen was that of a catamaran (1-2 knots speed
improvement over a conventional hull), due to the need to have a large solar field on the top deck (5,839SF) –
it allowed space for living quarters for a crew of eight below the top deck. To maximize the speed of the vessel
the New Zealand nautical designer Craig Loomes created a design with two outrigger hulls that were wave-
piecing to penetrate the surface in order to reduce resistance drag and improve overall power efficiency. The
6. designer also selected two five-bladed 6.7-foot diameter controllable pitch surface piercing carbon fiber
propellers mounted at the aft end of the two outrigger pods - a drive system that has proven to be very
effective for multi-hull vessels. Each surface piercing propeller is driven by two pair of brushless synchronous
electric motors, which is a cross between AC induction and DC motors. The rotating parts of the motors are
made from powerful permanent magnets with stationary field coils that work like three-phase AC motors. The
DC from the batteries is inverted to AC at a frequency that varies according to the combinations of motor and
hotel load. By alternating between the two 10kW motors and the four 30kW motors, the system converts the
pulses of DC that are delivered to the field coil at exactly the right time to produce the speed and torque
required for the propellers to run at optimum performance - allowing for travel distance of up to 125 miles
(200km) per day.
To achieve the most efficient use of power from the solar field, Planet Solar has developed a proprietary “Ten
Step Computer Device”, that manages the flow of power, together with an off-the-shelf software program
called the Maximum Power Tracker which allows for continuous system monitoring, dynamically adjusting
consumption to achieve the best combination of extracted power for the transit operation of the vessel while
Planet Solar perpetually chased the sun around the planet.
Lessons learned from Planet Solar
To voyage at practical speeds over long distances for a future Planet Solar Spin-off will need some
improvement. Theoretically, under perfectly calm conditions the solar only Planet Solar could travel at 6-8
knots. However, due to weather conditions, navigations errors, days without sun and occasional break downs -
the average speed was calculated to be only 3-4 knots – speed that does not meet commercial requirements.
The size of the Planet Solar energy field was initially considered adequate to deliver sun power production of
between 468kWh and 561kWh per day (Planet Solar best day of energy production was in the
Mediterranean in the summer with 623kWh of energy generated over an eight hour period). During the
2009-2012 circumnavigation it became clear to the Planet Solar Team that the power generation had been
under-estimated, leaving the vessel short of adequate kWh, as evidenced by the 2013 Planet Solar upgrade,
in preparation for its new mission as a Science Platform to study the Gulf Stream by Woods Hole Ocean
Research organization. The 2013 upgrade saw the top deck increase in size to become 5,515SF plus 780SF of
flaps and wings, totaling 6,295SF (resulting in an increase in the energy field size of 7.2%), which translated
into an increase in installed power from 93.5kWp to approximately 100kWp. This improvement was
reported to have increased the average speed from 3.5 knots to 5 knots, an increase that only marginally
improved Planet Solar’s performance. However, this is possibly the best that can be achieved by Planet Solar
due to the physical size limitation of the top deck. With c-Si products having reached their maximum design
efficiency of 25% cell DC. We chose to study the High Concentrating Photovoltaic (HCPV) with cell efficiency
of 43.5% in 2014, it clearly shows that HCPV is superior technology for motive power use in order to achieve ”
fuel free” travel for vessels between 80-200 feet.
7. Hybrid Solar-Wind Vessel Targeted Technologies
The HJA Solutions’ Study concluded that a PowerPack® integrated with renewable energy elements could
make a notional 90 x 24 foot Hybrid Solar-Wind Vessel with 100kW HCPV solar field (80 x 22 foot), would
make the HSWV totally independent of fossil fuel. Our major challenge with the Study has been to identify
elements that can improve performance - with focus on more efficient solar modules generating electricity
beyond the level of the 2009 c-Si arrays used by Planet Solar.
A secondary objective was finding improvements in energy storage from Batteries and/or other energy
storage systems. Although, not finding a revolution in battery technology, the developments over the last
few years have resulted in batteries with 50% higher Ampere hours (Ah) and a improved battery depletion
rate down to 30% of the battery capacity (2009 Li-ion depletion rate reach down to only70% of the battery
capacity).
To accompany advances in energy generation and storage, new computer control systems and software
have emerged that will make integration of multiple energy sources vastly more capable compared with
currently marketed computer software.
Finally, we set out to find ways to get the price lower for all the system elements, to facilitate more
reasonable offers. Since to 2009 the cost PV have come down by approx. 40% and though HCPV is more
expensive on a per square foot basis, the solar field is 56% smaller, the Li-ion batteries has also seen price
reduction, but more important the Ampere hours has increased by 50% and reduction in depletion rate is
40% improved which has resulted in batteries being 50% lighter. This situation has benefited our energy
budget that made it possible to determine successful system findings.
Hybrid Solar/Wind with 80’x 22’ PowerPack®
distribu
ted
Distributed
8. Hybrid Solar-Wind Vessel – Power Generation
The 2013 National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) chart above indicates that Sun Power’s c-Si in 2009
had efficiency in the middle of the chart with Cell efficiency of 23.5% DC, Array efficiency of 21.2% DC and
System efficiency of 18.1% AC. The new CPV developments lie above the line, most reflect prototype cells not
yet in production, but some CPV products have become manufacturing read. In August 2013, Amonix
announced it had achieved 35.9% Cell efficiency a world record that was rated by NREL under a concentrator
standard test conditions (CSTC). Amonix was primarily looking to win stationary electric generation contracts,
but found it difficult to gain acceptance despite their higher CPV output when competing against the cheaper
thin film solar products. Despite Amonix very promising results the Company seized to exist in June 2014, the
assets of Amonix were acquired by Arzon Solar for the purpose of continuing development of CPV technology
and products. The price gap has since diminished and for motive use with much smaller solar fields the price
was and is - no problem.
In 2015 Siemens was declared as the current world record holder in HCPV (Higher Concentrating PV - the new
name for CPV). Initially, Siemens claimed 43.5% cell efficiency DC and an array efficiency of 32.9% DC, but
subsequent it was reported that the Cell efficiency was only 42% DC and Array efficiency at 37.8% DC and with
System efficiency at 32.3% AC. In the last couple of years we have seen new a unique “sun tracking plate” that
follows the trajectory of the sun across the sky while GPS and a Directional tracker that keeps the cells
pointing at the sun at all times in a way that generates increased power output (1-Axis tracker for changes in
elevation, increases power by 25% and a 2-Axis tracker increases output by 35%.
NREL forecasts that cell efficiency will reach 50% by 2020, which will provide over double the efficiency
compared with the SunPower 2009 c-Si panels. The application of HCPV is no longer an issue of cell output,
but rather an engineering challenge, one that can more easily be solved than developing new solar cell
technology with higher output.
9. The HCPV 2-Axis Solar Power System
The HJA Solutions Study aimed to validate a HCPV demonstrator with hydraulic tracking modules – making
certain that the engineering and power generation targets could be met. Work was conducted on a scale model
demonstrator. The findings indicated that the notional HSWV will have sufficient power measured against the
calculated consumption. The reduction in size and weight will have a downward cascading effect on all aspects of
power consumption – far beyond the sum of linear elements reduction.
The notional 90 x 24 foot HSWV prototype has been calculated to require only two banks of modules for
approximately 1,760 SF (56% smaller energy field than that of Planet Solar with same approx 75kW capacity);
along with other energy saving concepts the HSWV will be cruising at an average of 10-11 knots continuously.
The HCPV system will be hidden from view with the 2-Axis tracking unit located on the top deck in a casement
that is 12 inches deep - deep enough to accommodate the unimpeded movement of the tracking device. The
two banks of five HCPVs will appear flushed with the top deck and be covered by a clear optical quality glass to
prevent water spray and humidity intrusion (allowing 95% of sunlight through).
The HCPV field and the 2-Axis sun tracking mechanism will create an energy field that is 56% smaller than a PV
equivalent, when augmented by two auxiliary wind turbines that are sufficient to generate the required
energy output for the Hotel Load (see separate wind turbine section – below). Also, facilitating the HSWV’s
Engineering Unit - 2-Axis Prototype of HCPV ModelEmbedded HCPV: 5 units x 2 banks of 1,760SF
10. power budget is an increase in use of DC direct current, resulting in less conversion from DC to AC for most
onboard equipment. By using DC wherever possible for appliances like LED Lighting, Air Conditioning,
Refrigerator, Induction Cooker and LED TV – it will alleviate much of the need for conversion to AC which
otherwise will carry a loss between panel and system of approx. 10-15%. The use of DC wherever possible will
ensure that power for higher speed can be obtained, and/or facilitate increased battery charging for more
available power reserves, and eliminating periods when power for the hotel load has to be conserved to the
detriment of comfortable onboard living.
Heat Pipe/Pump/Cold Sink to off-set Power for Heating /Cooling Onboard
Capturing the heat generated by the HCPV can be channeled to the HAVAC system reducing the demand on
the Hotel Load by approx. 40% and the conversion of heat from the heat source to a Cold Sink will generate
3.7 kWh per hour that can supplement battery charge-up.
The HSWV HCPV solar field uses a Fresnel lens at 300-1000x magnification of sunlight focused on the HCPV
cells which generate substantial amounts of heat that can be pumped out of the HCPV casement unit into a
short heat pipe. The high heat produced by the HCPV field is unique among solar production systems and
provides the opportunity to use this phenomenon to heat and cool the vessel and at the same time
substantially reduce the energy required to meet the Hotel Load requirement. The only practical limit to the
amount of heat transfer is the speed with which the gas inside the circular heat pipe can be condensed to
liquid at the cold end. This process operates during times when HCPV solar production takes place, when the
sun is absent the heating/cooling need to be augmented by battery power. Since heating and cooling
represent the highest Hotel Load use of onboard energy - any amount of heating and cooling on sunny day
will result in less use of stored battery power, allowing for a greater amount of kWh to be available for
mobility of the vessel. This energy element is one that decreases the need for stored power - compared with
the other system elements that by design are increasing kWh production.
11. Near Term Battery Energy Storage
The accelerated developments in Energy Storage are focused on eight technologies: batteries, hydrogen fuel
cells, compressed air, flywheels, super conducting magnetic energy, thermal energy, ultra-capacitors,
isentropic storage – these technologies will compete head-to-head, but size and weight will determine specific
systems suitability. In the marine environment today there is little tangible progress in battery systems except
for Lithium Ion (Li-ion) batteries has improved from density from 75-135Wh/kg which are showing substantial
benefits over the second choice Nickel-metal-hydride (NiMH) batteries at 50. The drawback with Li-ion so far
has been overheating particularly onboard aircraft, and in cars, but no overheating has been reported in the
marine environment. The second drawback is the price, due to incremental improvements in density, the Li-
ion batteries has seen a number of increases in price - making the cost the greatest stumbling block today.
Recently, the Li-ion Manufacturers Organization in its “Forecast 2013-2020” stated that cell level prices will
decrease to half of today’s cost by 2020, attributed to higher than expected demands from the Electric Vehicle
Industry, but there is a long way to go to reach the power density of fossil fuels. The more efficient Li-ion
variant today is the LiFePO4 Lithium Phosphate battery which has proven to give vessel a 50% increase in
available ampere hours, lower weight as well as an improved discharge (depletion down to 33% capacity vs.
Absorbed Glass Mat (AGM) battery with depletion down to only 70% of the battery capacity – the LiFePO4
Lithium Phosphate battery development greatly simplifies and stabilized onboard electrical systems.
Current energy storage research indicates that efforts other than Li-ion products are showing signs of progress.
Attracting much attention is the rumored Thorium Plasma Battery (ThPB) which no-one seems to have seen and
it appears to be cloaked in secrecy - involving a U.S. Government "gag order" and stories of several disappearing
scientists. A patent search revealed the existence of ThPB, but access to information has been blocked. The
ThPB is rumored to have specific density of more than 500Wh/kg – it would be revolutionary, if it is real.
Researchers at MIT have come up with an alternative system for generating electricity, which harnesses heat
and uses no metals or toxic materials:
Energy Density
Wh/Kg
10000
1000
100
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000
SpecificEnergy(Wh/Kg)
Volumetric Energy Density (Wh/L)
High-pressure
Hydrogen (35 Mpa) CNG
20 Mpa)
Hydrogen
absorbing
Alloy (2wt%)
Ethanol
Gasoline
Bio-diesel
Diesel
Lithium-ion
Nickel metal hydride
Lead
Source: Toyota
Gaseous fuels
Liquid fuels
Batteries
LMB
ThB 500Wh/Kg.
LMB: Liquid Metal Battery –still under investigation
ThB: Thorium (Plasma) Battery - still under investigation
200Wh/Kg
50 100
200
500
Lead Acid Li-ion 200-2020 Liquid Metal ThB (Notional)
Battery Efficiency Development 2000 - 2020 (Wh/Kg)
12. The Carbon Nano-tube Battery is the newest approach that is based on a discovery that a wire made from
micro cylinders known as carbon nano-tubes can produce an electrical current when it is progressively heated
from one end to the other, when coated with a combustible material and then lit at one end - it burns like a
fuse. This discovery represented a previously unknown phenomenon. A recent experiment has proven
increased efficiency of the process at more than a thousand fold increase in output the device over batteries
on a pound for pound weight basis – this will place Carbon Nano-tube batteries in the same density ballpark
as the best batteries today. The MIT Team has claimed that carbon nono-tube battery could theoretically
challenge energy output by fossil fuels – revolutionary if it could be true. However, the researchers caution
that it could take several years to develop the concept into a commercial product.
The Planet Solar’s PV power field feeds power to its Li-ion batteries, consisting of 688 Li-ion cells making-up 3
battery packs placed in the outrigger pods, these batteries have a combined weight of 11ton with a capacity of
approx. 2,900Ah; which has demonstrated that the batteries can drive the vessel for approx. 48 hours while
waiting for the sun to again appear. During short periods when Planet Solar recorded 14 knots dash speed
under favorable sun and sea conditions - there was no excess power generated towards charging the
batteries, but at an average speed of 6-8 knots there are some recharging, but its discharge capacity was
limited, and not comparable to the more efficient LiFePO4 Lithium Phosphate battery available today.
Hybrid Solar Vessel using the new LiFePO4 batteries vs. AGM - comparisons:
Note: One can calculate that a 2009 half scale Planet Solar would need approx. 1,450 Ah (344 cells) to perform proportional storage
with Li-ion batteries at a weight of 5.5tons. Using the current LiFePO4 Lithium Phosphate battery system – on the half scale vessel will
have equal capacity with a battery bank weighing only 2.3 tons. The LiFePO4 batteries have reduction in volume and weight and have
6 times faster charge-up time than the older Li-ion batteries as well as a depletion capacity of 70% instead of the 2009 Li-ion batteries
at 30% - it suggests vast savings in the energy storage requirements, improved discharge performance and much less weight as well as
a substantial reduction in price. However, the way ahead is installation of Hydrogen Fuel Cells.
Case study: Marine energy storage system for an 80 foot sailing catamaran (similar challenge to the Hybrid
Solar-Wind Vessel), with a 2009 AGM power system that in 2015 was exchanged for LiFePO4 batteries which
has proven to give the subject vessel a 50% increase in available ampere hours (Ah), as well as an improved
discharge down to 33% capacity vs. AGM depletion which is reached at 70% of the battery capacity – an
evolution that greatly simplified and stabilized the electrical system.
Additional - Auxiliary Wind Power Augmentation
The Hybrid Solar-Wind Vessel is so called because the vessel concept proposes additional systems for power
generation, with combined output that will generate additional energy to increase the cruising speed and
improve charging of the vessel’s batteries to offset the drain on the energy Budget.
Type Battery Units Unit Ah System Ah Discharge % Net Ah
Efficiency
Approx Unit USD Relative
benefits
Weight
AGM 6 110 660 40 396 3,000E x 6 71% 100%
LiFePO4 4 400 1600 70 560 6,500 x 4 99+% 50%
13. The evolution of small wind turbines
The development of small wind turbines has undergone rapid change. New wind turbines can augment power
production during overcast days, from wind at sea that is nearly always in evidence. The addition of wind
generated power will ensure extended mobility and guarantee the full use of the electrical motors at all times,
and full support of the most critical equipment and appliances. This simple solution will generate electricity for
any emergency and ensure adequate hotel load at all times. Modern wind turbines today have the potential of
generating greater amount of power from ducted wind turbines showing improvements from 15kWh/day up to
25kWh/day and new vertical turbines can reach 35kWh/day. The power available from the wind varies with the
cube of the wind speed. If the wind speed doubles, the power of the wind power increases 8 times. One of the
effects of the “cube rule” is that a location that has an average wind speed compared with one that has wide
swings from low to high velocity will have more energy potential. This is because the occasional gusts pack a lot
of power in a short period of time. Of course, it is important that the occasional gusts come often enough to
keep up with the Hybrid Solar-Wind Vessel’s power needs.
The maximum efficiency of current wind turbines are 59%, traditional land-based small wind turbines with gears
and generators has only 33% efficiency. The new gearless ducted small generators have performance on open
water showing efficiency of 50+% at wind speed of 32kmh (9m/s) and have only 35db noise at 10 feet. New
vertical wind turbines have emerged with interesting results – small 4 feet diameter fixed deck mounted wind
turbines only 4 feet tall - have claimed efficiency of 60+%, these wind turbines are easier to place on a vessel and
have claims of generating nearly inaudible noise.
Alternate - Wind Power Augmentation for Long Transits
An additional power generation option for vessels up to 10,000 ton is developed by SkySail of Germany using a
super large towing kite that can be deployed by freighters on ocean crossing routes with favorable wind condition,
using kites in sizes up to 160m2
(1,722SF), at a total system weight of 900kg can be remotely operated from the
ship’s bridge. The SkySail system is intended to facilitate conservation of fossil fuel for vessels traveling at 8-10
14. knots during long transits - in wind of 25 knots (10.8m/s) with the Kite at an altitude 100 - 300 meter (328 - 984
feet), will give a 10,000 ton freighter fuel saving at today’s bunker oil price of approximately $1,800 per day .
An 80 foot Hybrid Solar-Wind Vessel can use a 40m2
(431SF) SkySail systems with the
kite weighing only 9kg. The kite is launched out a forecastle bench with a small hydraulic mast deployed and
controlled from the steering site. The kite has a control system fitted with electronics that measures air speed
and wind direction aloft allowing for adjustments during operations. When deployed at altitudes of 100 to 200
meter (328 to 656 feet) the kite catches the stronger and steadier airflow aloft – the wind is 25% stronger than
on the surface. This size kite has energy saving equivalent to 400kW. The SkySail’s control system will steer the
airfoil over a 60+/- degrees arc pulling a vessel forward. The kite generates five times more power per square
meter than a conventional sail.
The launch mechanism uses a short telescopic mast for hoisting the 40m2
Kite (it takes 5 minutes to launch
and 10 minutes to retrieve and pack). The operation of the equipment when aloft is completely automatic,
requiring human intervention only for packing and storing the towing Kite. The system is relatively
inexpensive, with stats indicating 35% average fuel savings (on certain routes the fuel savings have reach 50%
per day). For the Hybrid Solar-Wind Vessel the SkySail will place less demand on the electric consumption for
motive power and also preserve the power in the batteries. The SkySail Kite is particularly cost effective for
longer transits. The economics of the SkySail shows an 18 to 24 month repayment schedule by continuous use
and thereafter a life-long relief from transit energy cost.
Hybrid Solar-Wind Vessel Performance vs. Cost Data
The size of the energy field has an over-riding impact on the vessel design, size and cost. So far vessels have
only been constructed with PV solar panels, but in the future HCPV solar fields can produce more viable
transit performance which is based the difference in efficiency between the PV of 2009 and the forecasted
efficiency of HCPV that by 2015 - that will exceed 50% efficiency (updated from the initial 2014Q3 text):
15. HCPV products today have an uninstalled module cost of $2.95Wp, (49.2% more expensive than the 2009 PV
panels used on Planet Solar), but with cell output of 42% DC HCPV is nearly double the efficiency of c-Si cells;
the HCPV shows an increase in output of 29.4%, by adding the latest 2-Axis tracking the solar field achieves
improvements up to 37.7%, compared with best PV reaching its final output limited in 2010 with cell efficiency
of only 23.5%. Adjusting for size of energy field and output levels the HCPV will be approx. 10% less costly,
since the energy field’s physical size will be much smaller. The prices listed are for the modules only and it
does not consider engineering and installation. References to DC, AC, 1-Axis and 2-Axis tracking are based on
the assumptions in the table above. DC can be used without inverters hence giving a higher energy output for
the equipment that can use DC directly - which adds 15-20% in energy savings. The NREL forecast for 2020
lists improvement in cell output projected to reach 50% (system 35.0%) along with a 5% improvement in 2-
Axis tracking is projects increase total efficiency to 47.3%.
The Hybrid Solar-Wind Vessel with a PowerPack of 1,760SF solar energy field generating an average speed of
10-11 knots compared with Planet Solar at 5 knots based on its 2014 upgraded 6,295SF PV solar field. Three
years of solar field performance improvements since Planet Solar was launched have now made it possible to
consider reasonable transit speed and perpetual mobility along with sustainment on water at zero fuel cost for
vessels between 80 and 200 feet and a substantial reduction in fossil fuels consumption (<50-60%) for vessels
between 200 to 500 feet. Vessels of less than 80 feet will also have reduction in fossil fuel consumption, but it
will be limited due to the smaller available deck space for installation of a HCPV energy field.
New Micro Grid and Electric Motor Technology
The newly developed DC micro-grid and variable speed DC electric motor system now being introduced on a
4,000 gt Platform Supply Vessel (PSV) has demonstrated great improved in power requirements. The micro-
grid combines the onboard DC current for improved operation using less electric power. In addition to saving
electric energy it also reduces cost of running an emergency generator, if and when the electric system for any
reason cannot feed electricity from solar production or batteries in order to run the electric motors, a
generator will kick-in bypassing the batteries until solar and/or wind power system power generation can be
restored. Such emergency use of a generator provides an economical back-up for any size HSWV, this system
Type Cell DC Array DC System AC 1-Axis
Tracking DC
2-Axis
Tracking DC
SERC - PV 1992 12% 10.8% 9.2% N/A N/A
First Solar - PV 2007 15% 13.5% 11.6% N/A N/A
Sun Power PV - 2009 23.5% 21.2% 18.1% N/A N/A
Sun Power PV - 2014 25.0% 22.5% 19.3% N/A N/A
Amonix CPV - 2012 43.9% 39.5% 33.8% 47.4% 53.3%
Siemens HCPV -2015 42.0% 37.8% 32.3% 45.4% 51.0%
NREL CPV- 2020 Estimate 50.0% 45.0% 38.5% 54.0% 60.8%
16. is in and by itself a great first step in the introduction of the PowerPack® for fossil fuel dependent vessels. This
electric drive system is a “plug and play” solution in achieving near fuel independence. The PSV now under
construction in Norway will be the first ship to mount this DC micro-grid with variable speed DC motors giving
the onboard electric system a weight reduction of 25% and a 15-20% fossil fuel saving.
Conclusion
The PowerPack® system will provide freedom from fossil fuel for many types of vessels. As HCPV technology is
still evolving and with even higher efficiency possible and improved tracking from 30% to 35% by 2015 will result
in system efficiency improvement of over 60%. In the future Li-ion batteries could be replaced by a stack of fuel
cells - it will also contribute to improved endurance. By augmenting vessels with small wind generator(s) - that
will provide additional power for emergencies and reducing Hotel Load dependency on the limited battery
capacity. In the event of ocean passages a SkySail will substantially reduce the solar power requirement for
mobility by an average of 35%. New computerized management systems will integrate all energy collection into
a complete overarching system that will have a downward cascading impact in reduction of power for mobility
and sustainment. Modern software exists to more effectively manage the distribution of energy. For the
foreseeable future vessels between 80 and 200 feet will have the potential to be totally independent of fossil
fuel in perpetuity. Theoretical proof now exist for both fuel saving and capital cost reduction which can result in a
practical vessel designs that will benefit owners’ operating cost, in a no-noise environment without fuel smell
and at the same time lessen impact on the environment by providing carbon free travel.
For more information you can view a comprehensive PowerPoint slide presentation on the SlideShare
internet site or additional information on the Company Blog http://www.hja-solutions.simplesite.com