This document outlines Anne Boykin and Savina Schoenhofer's theory of nursing as caring. The theory has three main components: 1) viewing persons as caring by nature, 2) conceptualizing nursing as both a discipline and profession based on caring relationships, and 3) representing the nurse-patient relationship as a "dance of caring persons" where each participant contributes uniquely to the whole. The goal of nursing is to enhance a person's caring abilities by participating in a nurturing relationship.

1. Caring Theories
Part 2

2. Lydia Eloise Hall
1926-Feb. 27,1969

3. Central theme: 3 components of nursing
– core, care, and cure
Core

4. Caring is the nurse’s
primary function. Care
(hands-on bodily care)
represents nurturance and
is exclusive to nursing.

5. Core involves the
therapeutic use of self
and emphasizes the use
of reflection.

6. Cure focuses on
nursing which relates
to medical
knowledge.

7. Person: The patient is composed of
body, pathology, and person. People set their
own goals and are capable of learning and
growing.
Person

8. Environment:
It should
facilitate the
achievement of
the client’s
personal goal.

9. Health: The
development of a
mature self-
identity that
assists in the
conscious
selection of
actions that
facilitate growth.

10. Anne Boykin
1944-
Savina Schoenhofer
1940-
Nursing as
Caring

11. Central Theme: Nurturing
persons, living, caring and growing in
caring know persons as caring person

12. Two Perspectives:
» Perception of Person as Caring – all
persons are caring
» Conception of Nursing as a Discipline and
Profession

13. Discipline :
» Nursing is a unity of science, art and
illness
» Nursing is a response which involves
knowing, living, and valuing all at once
» Develops knowledge

14. Profession:
» Based on everyday human experiences
and responses to one another
» Uses knowledge to respond to specific
human needs

15. Fundamental assumptions
1. Person-as-person
2. Person-as-whole
3. Person-as-caring

16. 7 Major
Assumptions
1. Persons are caring by virtue of their
humanness.
2. Persons are fully caring, moment to moment.
3. Persons are whole or complete in the moment.
4. Personhood is a process of living, grounded in
caring.

17. 7 Major
Assumptions
5. Personhood is enhanced through participating
in a nurturing relationship with caring others.
6. Nursing is both a discipline and a profession.
7. Persons are viewed complete and continuously
growing in completeness.

18. The Dance of Caring Persons

19. The Dance of
Caring Persons
Represents lived caring between the nurse and the
nursed.
» The contributions of each dancer including the
nursed are honored.
» Dancers enter the nursing situation, visualized
as a circle of caring that provides purpose and
integrated function.

20. The Dance of
Caring Persons:
Ground Rules
» Move freely, touch or don’t touch; all dance in
relation to each other and to the circle
» Each dancer brings a special gift.
» With different notes and rhythms, all harmonize
in the unity of the dance and the oneness of
the circle.
» Personal knowing of self and others leads to
respect.