1) Kolcaba developed Comfort Theory and is a nursing professor. She received her MSN and PhD from Case Western Reserve University. 2) Comfort Theory focuses on intentionally assessing and addressing patients' comfort needs through nursing interventions. Comfort includes physical, psychospiritual, environmental, and sociocultural domains. 3) A case study example shows how a confused older patient's multiple comfort needs were assessed and addressed through various nursing interventions.

1. Kolcaba’s Comfort Theory Presented by: Dave Jay S. Manriquez RN.

5. Kolcaba’s Comfort Theory

6. Kolcaba’s Comfort Theory

12. Kolcaba’s Comfort Theory Case Study Need for reassurance from staff regarding the family’s location Regular phone use to call family members. Absence of family Sociocultural Need for calm, familiar environmental elements and distraction Trying to leave premises Small unit; many dementia patients which increases noise Environmental Need for emotional and spiritual support Weeping and Screaming Depression Psychospiritual “ Why am I having this pain?” (point to abdomen) Restlessness and moaning Constipation Physical Transcendence Ease Relief

13. Kolcaba’s Comfort Theory Case Study Spending time Visual communication Listening Step by step guidance Social worker Consultations with doctor/family Touch therapy Reduced environmental stimuli Comfort food for the soul Encourage ADLs Emotional support Reassurance Coaching Assessment Vitals Medications Standard Comfort Interventions Example Comfort Intervention

14. Kolcaba’s Comfort Theory References Kolcaba, K. (2007, May 3). An introduction to comfort theory. In The comfort line . Retrieved November 10, 2007, from http:// www.thecomfortline.com / Kolcaba, K. (2007, May 3). The comfort line. Retrieved November 9, 2007, from http://www.thecomfortline.com/ Tomey, A.M., & Alligood, M. R. (2006). Nursing theorists and their work (6 th edition). St.Louis, Missouri: Mosby.