The document discusses cardiovascular pharmacology, including drugs that affect the cardiovascular system. It covers topics like electrophysiology, antihypertensives, and hemostatic agents. It describes how the heart requires adequate ATP and calcium to function properly and coordinate electrical stimulation for contractions. It also summarizes the cardiac conduction cycle and discusses drugs that can treat cardiac dysrhythmias and hypertension.

1. Pharmacology Drugs that Affect the Cardiovascular System dr shabeel pn

9. Fast Potential -80 -60 -40 -20 0 +20 RMP -80 to 90 mV Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4 controlled by Na + channels = “fast channels”

11. Cardiac Conduction Cycle

12. Slow Potential -80 -60 -40 -20 0 Phase 4 Phase 3 dependent upon Ca ++ channels = “slow channels”

16. Potential Terms APD ERP RRP relative refractory period effective refractory period action potential duration

19. Reentrant Circuits

33. Pharmacology Antihypertensives

36. BP = CO x PVR Key: CCB = calcium channel blockers CA Adrenergics = central-acting adrenergics ACEi’s = angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors cardiac factors circulating volume heart rate contractility 1. Beta Blockers 2. CCB’s 3. C.A. Adrenergics salt aldosterone ACEi’s Diuretics

37. BP = CO x PVR Peripheral Sympathetic Receptors alpha beta 1. alpha blockers 2. beta blockers Local Acting 1. Peripheral-Acting Adrenergics Hormones 1. vasodilators 2. ACEI’s 3. CCB’s Central Nervous System 1. CA Adrenergics

42. ACE Inhibitors Angiotensin I ACE Angiotensin II 1. potent vasoconstrictor - increases BP 2. stimulates Aldosterone - Na + & H 2 O reabsorbtion . RAAS

47. CCB Site of Action diltiazem & verapamil nifedipine (and other dihydropyridines )

51. Diuretic Site of Action . loop of Henle proximal tubule Distal tubule Collecting duct

58. Pharmacology Drugs Affecting Hemostasis

60. Platelet Adhesion

64. GP IIB/IIIA Inhibitors GP II b/ III a Inhibitors Fibrinogen GP II b/ III a Receptor

71. Occlusion Mechanism

72. tPA Mechanism

77. Lipid Deposition

78. Thrombus Formation

79. Platelet Adhesion

80. Embolus Formation

81. Occlusion Causes Infarction