Carbon fiber is a strong yet lightweight material made through a process of heating and stretching raw materials like polyacrylonitrile (PAN). It is made through thermosetting, carbonizing, graphitizing, surface treating, and epoxy sizing. Carbon fiber has high strength but low density, making it useful for applications requiring strength and lightweightness like aerospace and vehicles. However, its high cost is a disadvantage. Research continues to reduce costs and improve carbon fiber properties for wider applications in the future like construction and energy.

2. Presenter :
Professor :
S.Rohol Amin Isazadeh
Dr.Mohammd Riahi

3. 
Carbon fiber is defined as a fiber containing at least 92 wt %
carbon, while the fiber containing at least 99 wt % carbon is

4. 
Firstly manufactured by Mr.Edison in the 1879s by heating
bambo.

Then manufactured by Dr. Roger Bacon in the 1985s by
heating strands of rayon until they carbonized.
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The first strong Carbon fibers were developed in the 1963s
as a reinforcement for high-temperature molded plastic
components on airplane engine.

6. Major raw materials polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and
pitch .
 Typical sequence of operations used to form
carbon fibers from polyacrylonitrile (PAN):
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◦
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Thermoset treatment
Carbonizing
Graphitizing
Surface Treating
Epoxy Sizing

7. 
THERMOSET TREATMENT
Fibers are stretched and heated to no more than 400° C.
Cross-links carbon chains so that the fibers will not melt
in subsequent treatments.

CARBONIZING
fibers are heated to about 800° C in an oxygen free
environment.
removes non-carbon impurities.

GRAPHITIZING
heats them to temperatures ranging from 1100° C to
3000° C.
stretches the fibers between 50 to 100% elongation. The
stretching ensures a preferred crystalline orientation.

8. 
Surface Treating
● After carbonizing, the fibers have a surface that does not
bond well with the epoxies and other materials used in
composite materials.
● To give the fibers better bonding properties, their surface
is slightly oxidized.
● provides
» better chemical bonding properties .
» better mechanical bonding properties.
● The surface treatment process must be carefully
controlled to avoid forming tiny surface defects, such as
pits, which could cause fiber failure.

9. 
Epoxy Sizing
● Fibers are coated to protect them from damage during
winding or weaving. This process is called sizing.
● Typical coating materials include epoxy, polyester,
nylon, and others.
● The coated fibers are wound onto cylinders called
spools.
● The spools are loaded into a spinning machine and the
fibers are twisted into yarns of various sizes.

12. 
High tensile and compressive strength.

Low thermal expansion.

Electrically and thermally conductive.

Light weight and low density.

High abrasion and wear resistance.

Long service life.

13. 
The main disadvantage of carbon fiber is its cost.

This fiber will cause some forms of cancer of the
lungs.

14. Carbon Fiber is actually 5 times stronger than
steel.
 It is also 2 times more stiff.
 This material has a really very strength-toweight ratio, which makes it great for almost
anything that requires high strength and low
weight.


15. 
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Aerospace and Aircraft Industry.
Rechargeable batteries and fuel cell electrodes.
Energy production; windmill blades.
Building and construction materials.
Fiber reinforced plastics, FRP.
Sports equipments.
Automotive parts.
Civil Engineering.
Portable power.
Acoustics.

16. Musical Instruments
Air Craft
Mobile Case
Car Parts

17. Wind Turbine Blades
Helmets

23. 
The future efforts on carbon fiber research will be
focused on cost reduction and property improvement.

24. • Moving towards large
production series cars.
• Wind turbines, compressed
natural gas storage and
transportation fuel cells.
• Light weight pre-cast
concrete, earthquake
protection.
• Deep sea drilling platforms,
choke and drill pipes.

25. It revolutionized the field of light weight materials.
The new substitute for metals.
In short it is the future manufacturing material.

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29. B.M.W

30. MANUFACURING