The document summarizes a panel discussion on the economics and risks of scaling up carbon capture and oxyfuel approaches for pulverized coal plants. The panelists discuss the definition of oxyfuel combustion and how it relates to carbon capture. They explore challenges of oxyfuel technology including boiler design changes and high purity oxygen production. The discussion covers applying oxyfuel to new and retrofit plants using various coal and biomass fuels. Broader topics include regulatory uncertainty around carbon regulations and the practical challenges of large-scale carbon sequestration. Charts provide a simplified process flow diagram of oxyfuel combustion and a proxy comparison of carbon capture costs for conventional versus oxyfuel pulverized coal plants.
CCUS in the USA: Activity, Prospects, and Academic Research - plenary presentation given by Alissa Park at the UKCCSRC Cardiff Biannual Meeting, 10-11 September 2014
Closing the Carbon Cycle for Sustainability - Peter Eisenberger (October 15, ...Graciela Chichilnisky
Closing the Carbon Cycle for Sustainability - A Key Strategy for Environmental Protection, Energy Security, and Economic Development - Peter Eisenberger (October 15, 2012 @ Oxford University)
Perspectives on the role of CO2 capture and utilisation (CCU) in climate chan...Global CCS Institute
Achieving the target set during COP21 will require the deployment of a diverse portfolio of solutions, including fuel switching, improvements in energy efficiency, increasing use of nuclear and renewable power, as well as carbon capture and storage (CCS).
It is in the context of CCS that carbon capture and utilisation (CCU), or conversion (CCC), is often mentioned. Once we have captured and purified the CO2, it is sometimes argued that we should aim to convert the CO2 to useful products such as fuels or plastics, or otherwise use the CO2 in processes such as enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR). This is broadly referred to as CCU.
In this webinar, Niall Mac Dowell, Senior Lecturer (Associate Professor) in the Centre for Process Systems Engineering and the Centre for Environmental Policy at Imperial College London, presented about the scale of the challenge associated with climate change mitigation and contextualise the value which CO2 conversion and utilisation options can provide.
CCUS in the USA: Activity, Prospects, and Academic Research - plenary presentation given by Alissa Park at the UKCCSRC Cardiff Biannual Meeting, 10-11 September 2014
Closing the Carbon Cycle for Sustainability - Peter Eisenberger (October 15, ...Graciela Chichilnisky
Closing the Carbon Cycle for Sustainability - A Key Strategy for Environmental Protection, Energy Security, and Economic Development - Peter Eisenberger (October 15, 2012 @ Oxford University)
Perspectives on the role of CO2 capture and utilisation (CCU) in climate chan...Global CCS Institute
Achieving the target set during COP21 will require the deployment of a diverse portfolio of solutions, including fuel switching, improvements in energy efficiency, increasing use of nuclear and renewable power, as well as carbon capture and storage (CCS).
It is in the context of CCS that carbon capture and utilisation (CCU), or conversion (CCC), is often mentioned. Once we have captured and purified the CO2, it is sometimes argued that we should aim to convert the CO2 to useful products such as fuels or plastics, or otherwise use the CO2 in processes such as enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR). This is broadly referred to as CCU.
In this webinar, Niall Mac Dowell, Senior Lecturer (Associate Professor) in the Centre for Process Systems Engineering and the Centre for Environmental Policy at Imperial College London, presented about the scale of the challenge associated with climate change mitigation and contextualise the value which CO2 conversion and utilisation options can provide.
Webinar: 'Applying carbon capture and storage to a Chinese steel plant.' Feas...Global CCS Institute
The Global CCS Institute has recently published a feasibility study report on applying carbon capture and storage (CCS) to a steel plant in China. Toshiba was commissioned to conduct the study in collaboration with Chinese corporations.
The feasibility suggests that carbon capture in Chinese steel plants is a cost effective means of reducing carbon emissions compared with similar plants around the world. In this webinar, Toshiba presented on the major findings of this feasibility study.
Andrei Federov - Georgia Institute of Technology, Speaker at the marcus evans Power Plant Management Summit Fall 2011, delivers his presentation on Technological Challenges and Opportunities for CO2 Capture and Sequestration
How Can CCU Provide a Net Benefit? - presentation by Peter Styring in the Emissions through the CCS Lifecycle session at the UKCCSRC Cardiff Biannual Meeting, 10-11 September 2014
Lessons Learned on CO2 Storage from the Midwest Regional Carbon Sequestration...Global CCS Institute
Completing field tests that demonstrate that geologic storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) can be conducted safely and commercially is one step towards developing robust strategies for mitigating large point source CO2 emissions.
The Midwest Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership Program (MRCSP) large volume CO2 injection test is providing data for improving capacity estimates and demonstrating storage capacity within a regionally significant resource. MRCSP is also evaluating CO2 storage potential in Ohio and other areas of the Midwest and the East Coast through regional mapping and exploratory site characterization. Lessons learned from pressure data analysis, modeling, monitoring technologies assessment, accounting, regional mapping and exploration enable technology advancements needed to help carbon capture and storage reach a commercial stage.
This webinar presented an update of the progress made to date and key findings from the MRCSP large volume CO2 injection test and regional exploration work. The topics that were covered include:
Background
- About the MRCSP
- Research objectives
Large Volume CO2 Injection Test, Approaches and Results:
- Description/Overview
- Data Uses
- Pressure Data Analysis and Modelling
- Monitoring Technology Assessment
- Accounting
Regional Mapping and Characterization of Storage Resources
- Known Sources and Sinks
- Studies of Reservoirs and Seals Underway
Presentation given by Michael Priestnall of Cambridge Carbon Capture Ltd on "Mg(OH)2 (& high-value by-products) from Serpentines & Olivines for scalable low-energy wet-scrubbing of CO2 from ambient air & flue-gas" at the Alternative CCS Pathways Workshop, Oxford Martin School, 26 June 2014
CCS as least-cost options for integrating intermittent renewables in low-carb...Global CCS Institute
Intermittent renewable energy sources (intermittent‐RES) such as wind and solar PV can be a key component of the resulting low‐ carbon power systems, but their intermittency requires more flexibility from the rest of the power system to maintain system stability. In this study, the efficacy of five complementary options to integrate intermittent RES at the lowest cost is evaluated with the PLEXOS hourly power system simulation tool for Western Europe in the year 2050. Outcomes of the study show that amongst the various options to reduce system’s costs one of the most effective is the implementation of CCS at natural gas‐fired power plants.
In this webinar, Machteld van den Broek, Assistant Professor at the Utrecht University, and Anne Sjoerd Brouwer, PhD student at the Utrecht University, presented the method and the results of the study.
The best overview of CO2 EOR I've seen crabtreeSteve Wittrig
Brad Crabtree, "The critical role of CCS and EOR in managing US carbon emissions" in "CO2 Summit II: Technologies and
Opportunities", Holly Krutka, Tri-State Generation & Transmission Association Inc. Frank Zhu, UOP/Honeywell Eds, ECI Symposium Series, (2016). http://dc.engconfintl.org/co2_summit2/3
Carbon capture for coal to chemical industry in North West ChinaGlobal CCS Institute
Commercial coal-to-chemicals processes are being rapidly deployed as a clean coal technology, particularly in China. The process generally has a large carbon foot print. While CCS has been successfully applied to capture and store carbon emissions from coal-fired power stations, it is also one of the only technology options for reducing emissions from industrial coal-to-chemicals processes.
Among others, Yanchang Petroleum Group has developed/planned several coal to chemical projects. Yanchang Petroleum Group is located in Shaanxi Province, in North West China. Yanchang Petroleum owns large reserves of oil, gas, coal and salts. To optimise the utilisation of its resources, Yanchang Petroleum developed technologies to convert coal, natural gas, and residue heavy oil to chemical products at its Jingbian Industry Park, in conjunction with a whole chain CCS project. Yanchang Petroleum will produce four knowledge sharing reports on critical aspects of carbon capture and storage (CCS) based on its practice in CCS.
In this webinar, Yanchang Petroleum reported on the capture aspects of the project, covering:
- Background of the project
- Technical details of capture process
- Project timeline
- Commercial drivers
- Lessons learned
'Applying carbon capture and storage to a Chinese steel plant.' Feasibility s...Global CCS Institute
The Global CCS Institute has recently published a feasibility study report on applying carbon capture and storage (CCS) to a steel plant in China. Toshiba was commissioned to conduct the study in collaboration with Chinese corporations.
The feasibility suggests that carbon capture in Chinese steel plants is a cost effective means of reducing carbon emissions compared with similar plants around the world. In this webinar, Toshiba presented on the major findings of this feasibility study.
PROCESS FLOW AND ANALYSIS OF CCS PLANT INSTALLED AT RGPV BHOPAL RUN BY BIOMAS...IAEME Publication
Carbon capture and sequestration/storage (CCS) is a potential carbon dioxide emission mitigation technology for coal-based power plants. In order to achieve the global target of carbon dioxide mitigation, this paper introduces a novel approach and performance based analysis of a pilot plant installed at Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal (India). The evaluation was performed on the basis of data collection from a trial run of 1000 hours.
Webinar: 'Applying carbon capture and storage to a Chinese steel plant.' Feas...Global CCS Institute
The Global CCS Institute has recently published a feasibility study report on applying carbon capture and storage (CCS) to a steel plant in China. Toshiba was commissioned to conduct the study in collaboration with Chinese corporations.
The feasibility suggests that carbon capture in Chinese steel plants is a cost effective means of reducing carbon emissions compared with similar plants around the world. In this webinar, Toshiba presented on the major findings of this feasibility study.
Andrei Federov - Georgia Institute of Technology, Speaker at the marcus evans Power Plant Management Summit Fall 2011, delivers his presentation on Technological Challenges and Opportunities for CO2 Capture and Sequestration
How Can CCU Provide a Net Benefit? - presentation by Peter Styring in the Emissions through the CCS Lifecycle session at the UKCCSRC Cardiff Biannual Meeting, 10-11 September 2014
Lessons Learned on CO2 Storage from the Midwest Regional Carbon Sequestration...Global CCS Institute
Completing field tests that demonstrate that geologic storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) can be conducted safely and commercially is one step towards developing robust strategies for mitigating large point source CO2 emissions.
The Midwest Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership Program (MRCSP) large volume CO2 injection test is providing data for improving capacity estimates and demonstrating storage capacity within a regionally significant resource. MRCSP is also evaluating CO2 storage potential in Ohio and other areas of the Midwest and the East Coast through regional mapping and exploratory site characterization. Lessons learned from pressure data analysis, modeling, monitoring technologies assessment, accounting, regional mapping and exploration enable technology advancements needed to help carbon capture and storage reach a commercial stage.
This webinar presented an update of the progress made to date and key findings from the MRCSP large volume CO2 injection test and regional exploration work. The topics that were covered include:
Background
- About the MRCSP
- Research objectives
Large Volume CO2 Injection Test, Approaches and Results:
- Description/Overview
- Data Uses
- Pressure Data Analysis and Modelling
- Monitoring Technology Assessment
- Accounting
Regional Mapping and Characterization of Storage Resources
- Known Sources and Sinks
- Studies of Reservoirs and Seals Underway
Presentation given by Michael Priestnall of Cambridge Carbon Capture Ltd on "Mg(OH)2 (& high-value by-products) from Serpentines & Olivines for scalable low-energy wet-scrubbing of CO2 from ambient air & flue-gas" at the Alternative CCS Pathways Workshop, Oxford Martin School, 26 June 2014
CCS as least-cost options for integrating intermittent renewables in low-carb...Global CCS Institute
Intermittent renewable energy sources (intermittent‐RES) such as wind and solar PV can be a key component of the resulting low‐ carbon power systems, but their intermittency requires more flexibility from the rest of the power system to maintain system stability. In this study, the efficacy of five complementary options to integrate intermittent RES at the lowest cost is evaluated with the PLEXOS hourly power system simulation tool for Western Europe in the year 2050. Outcomes of the study show that amongst the various options to reduce system’s costs one of the most effective is the implementation of CCS at natural gas‐fired power plants.
In this webinar, Machteld van den Broek, Assistant Professor at the Utrecht University, and Anne Sjoerd Brouwer, PhD student at the Utrecht University, presented the method and the results of the study.
The best overview of CO2 EOR I've seen crabtreeSteve Wittrig
Brad Crabtree, "The critical role of CCS and EOR in managing US carbon emissions" in "CO2 Summit II: Technologies and
Opportunities", Holly Krutka, Tri-State Generation & Transmission Association Inc. Frank Zhu, UOP/Honeywell Eds, ECI Symposium Series, (2016). http://dc.engconfintl.org/co2_summit2/3
Carbon capture for coal to chemical industry in North West ChinaGlobal CCS Institute
Commercial coal-to-chemicals processes are being rapidly deployed as a clean coal technology, particularly in China. The process generally has a large carbon foot print. While CCS has been successfully applied to capture and store carbon emissions from coal-fired power stations, it is also one of the only technology options for reducing emissions from industrial coal-to-chemicals processes.
Among others, Yanchang Petroleum Group has developed/planned several coal to chemical projects. Yanchang Petroleum Group is located in Shaanxi Province, in North West China. Yanchang Petroleum owns large reserves of oil, gas, coal and salts. To optimise the utilisation of its resources, Yanchang Petroleum developed technologies to convert coal, natural gas, and residue heavy oil to chemical products at its Jingbian Industry Park, in conjunction with a whole chain CCS project. Yanchang Petroleum will produce four knowledge sharing reports on critical aspects of carbon capture and storage (CCS) based on its practice in CCS.
In this webinar, Yanchang Petroleum reported on the capture aspects of the project, covering:
- Background of the project
- Technical details of capture process
- Project timeline
- Commercial drivers
- Lessons learned
'Applying carbon capture and storage to a Chinese steel plant.' Feasibility s...Global CCS Institute
The Global CCS Institute has recently published a feasibility study report on applying carbon capture and storage (CCS) to a steel plant in China. Toshiba was commissioned to conduct the study in collaboration with Chinese corporations.
The feasibility suggests that carbon capture in Chinese steel plants is a cost effective means of reducing carbon emissions compared with similar plants around the world. In this webinar, Toshiba presented on the major findings of this feasibility study.
PROCESS FLOW AND ANALYSIS OF CCS PLANT INSTALLED AT RGPV BHOPAL RUN BY BIOMAS...IAEME Publication
Carbon capture and sequestration/storage (CCS) is a potential carbon dioxide emission mitigation technology for coal-based power plants. In order to achieve the global target of carbon dioxide mitigation, this paper introduces a novel approach and performance based analysis of a pilot plant installed at Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal (India). The evaluation was performed on the basis of data collection from a trial run of 1000 hours.
Status of North American CO2 Capture and Storage (CCS) Projects - presentation by Adam Berger in the International CCS session at the UKCCSRC Cardiff Biannual Meeting, 10-11 September 2014
Research Coordination Network on Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage Funded by National Science Foundation in USA - A.-H. Alissa Park, Columbia University - UKCCSRC Strathclyde Biannual 8-9 September 2015
Eliminating Carbon Footprint in Power Generation From Fossil FuelsFMA Summits
Oil industry have developed technologies for benefiting from CO2 injection Enhanced oil Recovery (EOR). Drilling CO2 producers and injectors, transportation and compression of CO2 for injection into oil reservoirs, and separation of CO2 from the produced gas streams. These technologies are needed to separate CO2 from flue gas of fossil-powered power stations and disposal in saline aquifers. Then electrification of our cars, homes, offices and factories, where possible, would allow for a balanced energy mix with a low carbon foot print for the nation. A survey of other related technologies and pilot projects are also offered.
As that known carbon dioxide recorded high level of this last years and as agreed in IPCC, that must take serious steps to prevent it and, carbon capture storage is the best candidate thing that has can be done to this issue.
Widespread infectious disease, air and water pollution, energy poverty, and high unemployment are growing problems in many developing nations. These have become delicate issues for humanitarian organizations like the UN, OECD, WHO, and World Bank. Most of these developing countries have been struggling to meet the Millennium Development Goals. However, many of these problems can be linked together and solved with a new class of waste-to-energy (W2E) systems. Waste has become an uncontrollable problem in many developing countries and in Latin America. Nearly 100 percent of waste in low-income countries goes to landfills. However, a W2E system can reduce waste and generate electricity at the same time. The actual gasification and pyrolysis technologies used in waste to energy conversion are nothing new as it was widely used in Europe during WWII, but now several companies are packing the system in a convenient shipping container size. This means it can be deployed throughout the world quickly and efficiently, over both land and sea. These new W2E systems obviate the technological barriers to building a W2E facility in a developing country. And, the system can significantly improve both rural and urban communities in the following ways: 1. Improve health and sanitation The W2E systems use almost any organic waste as the fuel. This includes paper, plastics, used tires, spoiled food, and dry manure. Thus, it cuts down on the size of landfills and there is an incentive to collect waste together rather than littering along the roads. By cleaning up the streets and reducing landfill sizes, you have also eliminated the breeding grounds for many infectious diseases. Agricultural by-products such as saw mill waste, nut shells, sugar and rice bagasse, corn stoves, cassava peels, and sorghum. Many of these potential fuels are currently either left to rot or are disposed of by burning in the field, emitting dangerous plumes of greenhouse gasses and pollutants. 2. Improve local economy The W2E system does not require in depth technical knowledge to operate, but it still needs a workforce to maintain it. It will also create jobs for waste collection and sorting. . And, not only does the system create jobs, it creates sources of revenue for the entire community. The electricity can be sold; and depending on the W2E technology and feedstock, the end byproduct can be sold as well. In many cases the W2E system will displace a diesel powered generator, and even in an oil producing nation such as Nigeria, the return on investment can be 12 months or less based solely on fuel savings. 3. Increase productivity and raise living standards The W2E system will be able to provide rural communities with electricity and or heat. Electricity can extend working hours and productivity. Access to electricity has been closely linked to higher levels of education, lower levels of poverty, and reduced gender inequality in developing nations.
Similar to Carbon Capture Status & Outlook 2007 (20)
1. Panel Discussion: Economics and Risks of
Scaling Up Carbon Capture and Oxyfuel
Approaches for Pulverized Coal Plants and
Oxyfuel Applications
Washington, D.C.
December 3-5, 2007
Carbon Capture: Status & Outlook
Anthony J. Cirillo, PE, MBA
General Manager, Power
2. 2
Charles (Chuck) D. McConnell
Global VP, Gasification & OxyCoal; Praxair, Inc.
30 years experience in the air-gas supply/service business
Professional affiliations include:
-Clean Coal Technologies Foundation of Texas
-Texas FutureGen Advisory Board
BSChE, MBA
Eugene (Gene) Hernandez, P.E.
VP, Marketing & Sales; Doosan Babcock Energy America LLC
25 years experience in utility consulting, project development
and major equipment sales
Professional affiliations include:
-ASME Codes & Standards Division, PTC committees
-Authored technical publications; ASME, EPRI, EEI
BS and MS Engineering
Panelists
3. 3
Panel Discussion-Opening Remarks
Current Events…a Harbinger?
Oxyfuel Overview
– Definitions
– What’s it got to do with CO2 capture?
Topics to be Explored
– Competing technologies for CO2 capture
– CO2 capture technology costs
– CO2 capture and parasitic load burden
Challenges
4. 4
Current Events…a Harbinger?
Good: Washington DC… Feds
Backing Three Big CO2
Sequestration Projects
October 2007-In a massive demonstration
program seen as key to the future of coal-fired
power generation, the DOE has announced its
plans to invest $197 million in the nation’s
first large scale carbon sequestration
projects, which call for injecting CO2 into
underground reservoirs in the Southwest,
Southeast, and Great Plains.
Bad:Florida… Tampa Electric
Cancels New IGCC Plant Due to
Concerns Over GHG Requirements
October 2007 -TECo turned down a $133.5
million federal tax credit when it announced
that it no longer plans to meet its 2013 need
for base load generation with the construction
of an IGCC power plant. The primary drivers
of the decision include continued uncertainty
related to CO2 regulations, particularly
sequestration issues, …
5. 5
Current Events…a Harbinger (cont’d)?
~35% of the anthropogenic CO2 in the US comes from the power sector
Ugly: Kansas…Sunflower
Electric’s Proposal to Build 2 x
700 MW Turned Down
November 2007-They said that the expected 11
million tons of annual CO2 emissions was
unacceptable. "I believe it would be
irresponsible to ignore emerging information
about the contribution of carbon dioxide and
other greenhouse gases to climate change
and the potential harm to our environment
and health if we do nothing," says Rod
Bremby, secretary of the Kansas Health
Department.
Hideous: Florida…Southern,
Orlando Muni Kills Clean Coal
Plant Over CO2 Concerns
November 2007-Just 2 months after the project
broke ground with a high profile ceremony
attended by Energy Secretary Bodman and
top officials from the sponsoring utilities,
Southern Company and the Orlando Utility
Commission announced they are terminating
an advanced coal gasification power plant in
Florida because of growing uncertainty about
the possible imposition of federal or state
greenhouse gas controls.
6. 6
Definition - Clean Coal
"Clean coal technology" describes a new generation
of energy processes that sharply reduce air emissions
and other pollutants from coal-burning power plants.
7. 7
Definition – Capture Ready
Which is “more” capture ready?Which is “more” capture ready?
vsvs
Which is easier to capture…orWhich is easier to capture…or
8. 8
Definition – Capture [CO2] Ready (cont’d)
Contention: While many combustion
processes appear equal [i.e., capture ready], some
are more equal than others!
Premise: The end game is, “exclusive of compression, the
CO2 is in a sequestration or pipeline-ready [i.e., transportable and
relatively free of water and other impurities] condition”.
Definition: Within the context of combusting, or processing a
fossil fuel for combustion, the degree [i.e., purity, extent of
conversion] to which CO2 is produced while meeting the
combustion objective.
9. 9
PostPost-Combustion-Combustion
Capture ProcessCapture Process
-Conventional Fossil Fired-Conventional Fossil Fired
Power Plants, inc PCsPower Plants, inc PCs
-Chemical or Physical-Chemical or Physical
Absorption ProcessesAbsorption Processes
Definition - Oxyfuel
A hydrocarbon-based fuel, combustedA hydrocarbon-based fuel, combusted
through oxidation using a high puritythrough oxidation using a high purity
oxygen stream, and where the products ofoxygen stream, and where the products of
combustion are essentially Hcombustion are essentially H22O and COO and CO22..
OxyfuelOxyfuel
IntegratedIntegrated
CaptureCapture
ProcessProcess
PrePre-Combustion-Combustion
Capture ProcessCapture Process
-aka, Decarbonization-aka, Decarbonization
-IGCC, with/w-o Water-Gas-IGCC, with/w-o Water-Gas
Shift Reactor and AcidShift Reactor and Acid
Gas RemovalGas Removal
-SNG; Pipeline-ready-SNG; Pipeline-ready
Synthetic Natural GasSynthetic Natural Gas
10. 10
What do you do after you capture CO2?
0
200
400
600
800
1000
25 50 75 100
Usable Storage Capacity, %
YearsofStorage
Once it’s captured, ample
CO2 storage capacity likely
exists.
It is impractical and/or
uneconomical for all
existing, or all new, power
plant CO2-emitting sources
to:
– Capture, transport and
geologically sequester their
CO2.
– Capture, transport and
market their CO2 for EOR.
Yet, the promulgation of CO2
regulation and legislative
efforts continue
Potential US/CanadaPotential US/Canada
Geologic Storage Capacity*Geologic Storage Capacity*
•Source: US Department of Energy, Phase I, President’s ClimateSource: US Department of Energy, Phase I, President’s Climate
Change Technology Initiative identified about 3,600 Gtons ofChange Technology Initiative identified about 3,600 Gtons of
potential geologic storage. Power plant and other large industrialpotential geologic storage. Power plant and other large industrial
sources are producing about 4 Gtons annually.sources are producing about 4 Gtons annually.
Potential Storage-3,600 gigatons
Life of known
US coal reserves
11. 11
“What’s it have to do with CO2 capture?”
Oxyfuel combustion…
– Produces a high quality [CO2 concentration] flue
gas stream, which makes it easy to capture
– Other benefits/attributes include:
• Represents an in-situ combustion process which,
through increased thermal efficiency, reduces CO2
formation
• Can be retrofit on existing PC units
• Has multi-pollutant removal potential
• Is cost competitive with post-combustion capture
processes
• Uses established component technologies
12. 12
Challenges-Oxyfuel…Panel Discussion
Boilers: New Designs/Retrofits
– Extremely hot flame temperatures
– Air-tight furnace
– Flue gas recycle %
O2 Production
– High purity
– Capacity: Several multiples over what exists
today
Costs ($/Kw): Capital and Operating
– Burner modifications, flue gas recirculation
– Gas plant; O2, CO2
– Parasitic load
13. 13
Discussion Areas-Oxyfuel
Challenges (see prior slide)
Oxyfuel application to:
– Boiler Type
• New Plant vs Retrofit
• Technology
– Pulverized Coal
– Circulating Fluidized Bed
• Unit Size, MW
• Fuel Type
– Coals-E. Bit, Lignite, PRB, Anthracite
– Petroleum Coke
– Biomass-Sawgrass, Wood Chips
14. 14
Discussion Areas-Broad Context (cont’d)
CO2 Regulatory Uncertainty
– How; What form, e.g., cap and trade
– When
– Who; Federal, State, etc
CO2 Capture & Disposal…it’s not widely,
practically, applicable to many power plants
– Sequestration
– EOR
– Commercial Use
17. 17
Proxy: CO2 capture costs* for PC units
Conventional
PC
Oxy-fueled PC
Capital Cost Spread,
w/ and w/o CO2
Capture ($/Kw)
Up to $950 Up to $1,300
Cost of CO2
Captured ($/ton)
Up to $34 Up to $27
Energy Penalty for
Capture (% Mwnet)
Up to 27% Up to 25%
* 2004 cost data, encompassing plant sizes from 400-1200 Mw
Editor's Notes
-Thank You and Welcome All; we realize we’re between you and the 5:45 PM cocktail reception
-This session covers Oxyfuel, its application to coal combustion technology, its relative economics, and some of its challenges
-Prior to getting into the panel discussion, I’d like to offer some background on Oxyfuel and frame some of the current issues.
-Fortunate to have representatives from the two core elements of the Oxyfuel discussion:
*Gas plant technology-Chuck McConnell
*Power boiler technology-Gene Hernandez
-GOOD: Gov’t pumps $200 million into CO2 sequestration; 3 sites
-BAD: TECo, owner of one of the few large scale commercial IGCC plants [Polk County; County-since 1996; 250 MW; Chevron-Texaco (GE)] bags an IGCC opportunity because of future CO2 regulatory uncertainties.
-UGLY: Kansas regulatory official rejects a proposed coal-fired power plant, due to CO2, regardless that it would meet existing emission regulations.
-HIDEOUS: A Florida advanced coal gasification project, which had already broken ground, was cancelled due to uncertainty regarding future regulation of CO2.
-ANTHROPOGENIC: Man-made
CAPTURE READY…..WHAT EXACTLY DOES IT MEAN????
-DEFINING “CAPTURE READY”
**1 st: STATE A CONTENTION
**2nd:STATE THE OBJECTIVE
**3rd:LEADING TO A QUALIFIED DEFINITION
-HIGH LEVEL PROCESS COMPARISON
Pre-Combustion
Oxyfuel
Post-Combustion
Operating Pressure
High
Low
Low
CO2 Concentra-tion
High
High
Low
-Conventional PCs post-combustion CO2 production represents about 10-14% of the total flue gas
-Reduce CO2 Formation: Through reduced flue gas flows, thermal efficiency is improved, thus lowering CO2 formation.
-Retrofit: In addition to applicability on PC’s, it can be adapted to combined cycle
-Multi-Pollutant: Near Pure O2 means much less N2…lower NOx formation [watch flame temp…enter flue gas recirc]; dependent upon CO2’s end use, may be able to condense SO2 with the CO2 [corrosion issue]
-Hot Flame Temps
-Ash fusion
-Flue gas recirc for cooling
-O2 Production
-Capacity multiple
-Conventional PC using chemical or physical absorption process
-Oxy-fuel using up to 95% pure O2 and F/G recycle