The document discusses carbon capture technologies that are likely to appear in future phases of carbon capture and storage (CCS) deployment. It provides information on various carbon capture technologies including post-combustion capture using solvents like amines, pre-combustion capture through integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) plants, and oxy-fuel combustion. Examples of large-scale CCS projects currently in operation or development are also mentioned, such as the Kemper County energy facility and White Rose CCS project.
Power Generation Facility with Amine Based Carbon CapturePeter Zhou
This document describes a post-combustion carbon capture facility integrated with a 400 MW natural gas combined cycle power plant. The facility uses an amine solvent of 27.5 wt% MEA and 2.5 wt% piperazine to capture CO2 from the plant's flue gases. The captured CO2 is compressed to a liquid state of 16 MPa and 99.7% purity for potential uses like enhanced oil recovery. An economic analysis found the capital costs of over $1.26 billion resulted in an uneconomical process despite capturing 215,000 tons of CO2 annually.
Current Status of Amine-based CO2 Capture Technology in KEPCOcanaleenergia
This document summarizes a presentation on carbon capture and storage given in Rome, Italy on October 18, 2011. It discusses KEPCO's (Korea Electric Power Corporation) efforts to develop amine-based carbon dioxide capture technology. KEPCO has projects to test solvents with lower regeneration energy requirements than MEA, including a 0.1MW test bed and plans to construct a 10MW pilot plant. Test results so far show KoSol solvent series requiring 30-35% less regeneration energy than MEA and exhibiting lower degradation and corrosion. The presentation outlines KEPCO's policy and targets for CCS, project overview, and test results from laboratory and 0.1MW tests.
Coal to liquid (CTL) is a process that converts coal into synthetic fuels by liquefying it. It was not economically viable when oil prices were low but interest has grown with higher oil prices. CTL is best for countries with large coal reserves but high oil import dependence, like India and China. While it enhances energy security, CTL faces challenges from high costs and environmental concerns unless carbon capture technology is used. Several CTL plants have been proposed or announced internationally but many face technical, economic, and environmental barriers.
Presentation given by Paul Fennell of Imperial College London on "The Integration of Power Generation, Cement Manufacture, Biomass Utilisation and Calcium Looping." at the Alternative CCS Pathways Workshop, Oxford Martin School, 27 June 2014
The document provides an overview of underground coal gasification (UCG). UCG involves injecting oxidants into unmined coal seams to convert coal into syngas. It has several benefits over traditional coal mining such as lower costs, reduced environmental impact, and leaving solid waste underground. However, it also faces challenges from geological and hydrological risks. Recent interest in UCG has grown due to high fuel prices and projects exist in countries like China, India, South Africa, and Australia to test and develop the technology.
The Global CCS Institute and USEA co-hosted a briefing on the importance of R&D in advancing energy technologies on June 29 2017. This is the presentation given by Tim Merkel, Director, Research and Development Group at Membrane Technology & Research (MTR)
The document discusses carbon capture technologies that are likely to appear in future phases of carbon capture and storage (CCS) deployment. It provides information on various carbon capture technologies including post-combustion capture using solvents like amines, pre-combustion capture through integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) plants, and oxy-fuel combustion. Examples of large-scale CCS projects currently in operation or development are also mentioned, such as the Kemper County energy facility and White Rose CCS project.
Power Generation Facility with Amine Based Carbon CapturePeter Zhou
This document describes a post-combustion carbon capture facility integrated with a 400 MW natural gas combined cycle power plant. The facility uses an amine solvent of 27.5 wt% MEA and 2.5 wt% piperazine to capture CO2 from the plant's flue gases. The captured CO2 is compressed to a liquid state of 16 MPa and 99.7% purity for potential uses like enhanced oil recovery. An economic analysis found the capital costs of over $1.26 billion resulted in an uneconomical process despite capturing 215,000 tons of CO2 annually.
Current Status of Amine-based CO2 Capture Technology in KEPCOcanaleenergia
This document summarizes a presentation on carbon capture and storage given in Rome, Italy on October 18, 2011. It discusses KEPCO's (Korea Electric Power Corporation) efforts to develop amine-based carbon dioxide capture technology. KEPCO has projects to test solvents with lower regeneration energy requirements than MEA, including a 0.1MW test bed and plans to construct a 10MW pilot plant. Test results so far show KoSol solvent series requiring 30-35% less regeneration energy than MEA and exhibiting lower degradation and corrosion. The presentation outlines KEPCO's policy and targets for CCS, project overview, and test results from laboratory and 0.1MW tests.
Coal to liquid (CTL) is a process that converts coal into synthetic fuels by liquefying it. It was not economically viable when oil prices were low but interest has grown with higher oil prices. CTL is best for countries with large coal reserves but high oil import dependence, like India and China. While it enhances energy security, CTL faces challenges from high costs and environmental concerns unless carbon capture technology is used. Several CTL plants have been proposed or announced internationally but many face technical, economic, and environmental barriers.
Presentation given by Paul Fennell of Imperial College London on "The Integration of Power Generation, Cement Manufacture, Biomass Utilisation and Calcium Looping." at the Alternative CCS Pathways Workshop, Oxford Martin School, 27 June 2014
The document provides an overview of underground coal gasification (UCG). UCG involves injecting oxidants into unmined coal seams to convert coal into syngas. It has several benefits over traditional coal mining such as lower costs, reduced environmental impact, and leaving solid waste underground. However, it also faces challenges from geological and hydrological risks. Recent interest in UCG has grown due to high fuel prices and projects exist in countries like China, India, South Africa, and Australia to test and develop the technology.
The Global CCS Institute and USEA co-hosted a briefing on the importance of R&D in advancing energy technologies on June 29 2017. This is the presentation given by Tim Merkel, Director, Research and Development Group at Membrane Technology & Research (MTR)
Presentation given by Dr EJ Anthony from Cranfield University about Direct Air Capture at the UKCCSRC Direct Air Capture/Negative Emissions Workshop held in London on 18 March 2014
The plasma arc process uses an enclosed reactor to gasify feedstock in the absence of oxygen through pyrolysis. This produces synthesis gas (syngas) as well as slag and recoverable metals. The syngas can be used as fuel or to produce liquid fuels and chemicals. The slag becomes rockwool or other materials. The plasma arc reactor exceeds EPA emission guidelines and produces near pure products. It has extremely low maintenance costs due to its long life cycle of 50 years, making it economically viable for large-scale operations.
The role of Direct Air Capture and Carbon Dioxide Removal in well below 2C sc...IEA-ETSAP
The document summarizes research exploring the role of direct air capture (DAC) technologies in scenarios aiming to limit global warming to 1.5°C or 2°C. It finds that DAC has the potential to play a role in carbon dioxide removal, capturing hundreds of millions of tons of CO2 per year by mid-century in 1.5°C scenarios. However, biological carbon dioxide removal via BECCS captures more CO2 over the long-run. Achieving the 1.5°C target requires rapid near-term emissions reductions and deployment of carbon dioxide removal technologies like DAC. The costs of deep decarbonization are highly sensitive to the availability of carbon dioxide removal and storage technologies.
Underground Coal Gasification - India & Globalmohkab1
Underground coal gasification is a process that converts coal into a gaseous fuel underground, avoiding the need for mining. It has the potential to access otherwise unmineable deep coal reserves more economically than surface gasification. Several countries have conducted pilot projects and China has over 50 commercial gasification facilities. India also has significant coal reserves that may be suitable for underground coal gasification. The technology offers advantages over traditional mining but controllability of the underground combustion process remains a challenge.
Perspectives on the role of CO2 capture and utilisation (CCU) in climate chan...Global CCS Institute
Achieving the target set during COP21 will require the deployment of a diverse portfolio of solutions, including fuel switching, improvements in energy efficiency, increasing use of nuclear and renewable power, as well as carbon capture and storage (CCS).
It is in the context of CCS that carbon capture and utilisation (CCU), or conversion (CCC), is often mentioned. Once we have captured and purified the CO2, it is sometimes argued that we should aim to convert the CO2 to useful products such as fuels or plastics, or otherwise use the CO2 in processes such as enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR). This is broadly referred to as CCU.
In this webinar, Niall Mac Dowell, Senior Lecturer (Associate Professor) in the Centre for Process Systems Engineering and the Centre for Environmental Policy at Imperial College London, presented about the scale of the challenge associated with climate change mitigation and contextualise the value which CO2 conversion and utilisation options can provide.
The Global CCS Institute and USEA co-hosted a briefing on the importance of R&D in advancing energy technologies on June 29 2017. This is the presentation given by Alfred “Buz” Brown, Founder, CEO and Chairman of ION Engineering.
The best overview of CO2 EOR I've seen crabtreeSteve Wittrig
Brad Crabtree, "The critical role of CCS and EOR in managing US carbon emissions" in "CO2 Summit II: Technologies and
Opportunities", Holly Krutka, Tri-State Generation & Transmission Association Inc. Frank Zhu, UOP/Honeywell Eds, ECI Symposium Series, (2016). http://dc.engconfintl.org/co2_summit2/3
CCUS in the USA: Activity, Prospects, and Academic Research - plenary presentation given by Alissa Park at the UKCCSRC Cardiff Biannual Meeting, 10-11 September 2014
The document discusses coal gasification, including underground coal gasification (UCG) and surface coal gasification. UCG involves injecting oxygen and steam into underground coal seams to produce synthesis gas. Surface gasification involves exposing coal to steam and controlled oxygen on the surface. Both technologies produce a mixture of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and other gases that can be used as fuel or processed further. The document examines the advantages of UCG such as accessing deep coal reserves and reduced environmental impacts compared to mining. It also discusses sourcing gasification technologies and the need for regulatory frameworks to allow gasification of coal resources.
Two Canadian energy companies, Bonavista Energy and ConocoPhillips Canada, have implemented new processes to eliminate over 99% of benzene emissions from their natural gas dehydration processes. Bonavista retrofitted a dehydrator to pipe vapors back to be used as fuel, destroying 99% of benzene emissions. ConocoPhillips uses a heat exchanger and glow plug to condense and combust benzene vapors without extra fuel. Both companies aim to apply these technologies across their operations to proactively reduce benzene emissions beyond regulatory limits.
Webinar: 'Applying carbon capture and storage to a Chinese steel plant.' Feas...Global CCS Institute
The document summarizes a feasibility study conducted by Toshiba Corporation on applying carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology to a steel plant in China. It discusses two potential cases for installing a CCS facility at Shougang Jingtang Steel Works that would capture 300 tons of CO2 per day. Case 1 involves capturing CO2 from the plant's lime kiln flue gas, while Case 2 focuses on capturing CO2 from hot blast stove flue gas. Both cases evaluate using hot blast stove flue gas as a heat source for CO2 recovery. The presentation provides details on plant layout, economics evaluation, and outstanding issues for further investigation.
The document summarizes a proposed project to build a steam methane reforming plant in Alberta capable of producing 50,000 Nm3 of hydrogen per hour. It details the plant's design requirements, including feedstock needs, operating costs, and economic analysis. The plant would produce hydrogen primarily through steam methane reforming of natural gas, and the document evaluates this process as well as alternatives like dry reforming of methane. It ultimately recommends constructing one to four similar hydrogen production plants in Alberta.
The document discusses doubling synthetic biofuel production through the addition of hydrogen from renewable energy. Currently, over half of biomass carbon is not utilized to make fuel due to hydrogen constraints. However, adding hydrogen from an external renewable source, such as electrolysis powered by wind or solar energy, could hydrogenate the surplus carbon into additional fuel. This could increase fuel output from biomass by 2.6 times, utilizing 79% of the biomass carbon rather than the current 31%. The approach has the potential to significantly increase sustainable fuel production to help decarbonize transportation.
The Global CCS Institute and USEA co-hosted a briefing on the importance of R&D in advancing energy technologies on June 29 2017. This is the presentation given by Ron Munson, Global Lead-Capture at the Global CCS Institute.
How Can CCU Provide a Net Benefit? - presentation by Peter Styring in the Emissions through the CCS Lifecycle session at the UKCCSRC Cardiff Biannual Meeting, 10-11 September 2014
Lessons Learned on CO2 Storage from the Midwest Regional Carbon Sequestration...Global CCS Institute
Completing field tests that demonstrate that geologic storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) can be conducted safely and commercially is one step towards developing robust strategies for mitigating large point source CO2 emissions.
The Midwest Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership Program (MRCSP) large volume CO2 injection test is providing data for improving capacity estimates and demonstrating storage capacity within a regionally significant resource. MRCSP is also evaluating CO2 storage potential in Ohio and other areas of the Midwest and the East Coast through regional mapping and exploratory site characterization. Lessons learned from pressure data analysis, modeling, monitoring technologies assessment, accounting, regional mapping and exploration enable technology advancements needed to help carbon capture and storage reach a commercial stage.
This webinar presented an update of the progress made to date and key findings from the MRCSP large volume CO2 injection test and regional exploration work. The topics that were covered include:
Background
- About the MRCSP
- Research objectives
Large Volume CO2 Injection Test, Approaches and Results:
- Description/Overview
- Data Uses
- Pressure Data Analysis and Modelling
- Monitoring Technology Assessment
- Accounting
Regional Mapping and Characterization of Storage Resources
- Known Sources and Sinks
- Studies of Reservoirs and Seals Underway
Coal bed methane and underground coal gasificationDan Wilson
A brief introduction to coal bed methane (CBM) and underground coal gasification. It includes yields and possible environmental impacts. A group presentation as part of my MSc at Keele University.
The document introduces a proposed coal-to-liquids (CTL) plant project by Baganuur Energy Corporation, a 50-50 joint venture between MCS Group of Mongolia and POSCO of South Korea. The project aims to produce 456,000 tons per year of diesel, 90,000 tons of gasoline, and 100,000 tons of DME from local Mongolian coal to reduce import dependence and air pollution in Ulaanbaatar. The proposed plant location is in Baganuur district and would cost $2 billion with commissioning planned for 2020.
Khushboo Choudhary presented on carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology. The presentation covered: (1) the basic CCS process involving capturing CO2 at large emission sources, transporting it, and storing it long-term underground; (2) the three main capture systems - pre-combustion, post-combustion, and oxy-fuel combustion; (3) methods of transporting and storing CO2; (4) current CCS projects around the world; and (5) remaining challenges for CCS including costs, uncertainties about long-term storage, and need for more research.
Santo Tomás es un municipio en el departamento de Atlántico, Colombia. Es conocido como "el municipio verde del Atlántico" debido a su gran número de árboles de mango. Los habitantes de Santo Tomás se caracterizan por ser trabajadores, responsables y respetuosos. Celebran tradiciones culturales como los carnavales y la Semana Santa, que refuerzan los valores comunitarios y el respeto por el patrimonio.
This document discusses issues of alienation and disconnection in adolescence. It describes forms of alienation such as normlessness, powerlessness, social isolation, and meaninglessness. Adolescents who are poor and minority experience the greatest alienation. Being faced with responsibility but lacking authority can lead to disconnectedness. Outcomes of alienation may include internalizing problems like anxiety and depression or externalizing problems like aggression. Substance abuse is discussed as a form of self-medication for emotional distress.
Presentation given by Dr EJ Anthony from Cranfield University about Direct Air Capture at the UKCCSRC Direct Air Capture/Negative Emissions Workshop held in London on 18 March 2014
The plasma arc process uses an enclosed reactor to gasify feedstock in the absence of oxygen through pyrolysis. This produces synthesis gas (syngas) as well as slag and recoverable metals. The syngas can be used as fuel or to produce liquid fuels and chemicals. The slag becomes rockwool or other materials. The plasma arc reactor exceeds EPA emission guidelines and produces near pure products. It has extremely low maintenance costs due to its long life cycle of 50 years, making it economically viable for large-scale operations.
The role of Direct Air Capture and Carbon Dioxide Removal in well below 2C sc...IEA-ETSAP
The document summarizes research exploring the role of direct air capture (DAC) technologies in scenarios aiming to limit global warming to 1.5°C or 2°C. It finds that DAC has the potential to play a role in carbon dioxide removal, capturing hundreds of millions of tons of CO2 per year by mid-century in 1.5°C scenarios. However, biological carbon dioxide removal via BECCS captures more CO2 over the long-run. Achieving the 1.5°C target requires rapid near-term emissions reductions and deployment of carbon dioxide removal technologies like DAC. The costs of deep decarbonization are highly sensitive to the availability of carbon dioxide removal and storage technologies.
Underground Coal Gasification - India & Globalmohkab1
Underground coal gasification is a process that converts coal into a gaseous fuel underground, avoiding the need for mining. It has the potential to access otherwise unmineable deep coal reserves more economically than surface gasification. Several countries have conducted pilot projects and China has over 50 commercial gasification facilities. India also has significant coal reserves that may be suitable for underground coal gasification. The technology offers advantages over traditional mining but controllability of the underground combustion process remains a challenge.
Perspectives on the role of CO2 capture and utilisation (CCU) in climate chan...Global CCS Institute
Achieving the target set during COP21 will require the deployment of a diverse portfolio of solutions, including fuel switching, improvements in energy efficiency, increasing use of nuclear and renewable power, as well as carbon capture and storage (CCS).
It is in the context of CCS that carbon capture and utilisation (CCU), or conversion (CCC), is often mentioned. Once we have captured and purified the CO2, it is sometimes argued that we should aim to convert the CO2 to useful products such as fuels or plastics, or otherwise use the CO2 in processes such as enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR). This is broadly referred to as CCU.
In this webinar, Niall Mac Dowell, Senior Lecturer (Associate Professor) in the Centre for Process Systems Engineering and the Centre for Environmental Policy at Imperial College London, presented about the scale of the challenge associated with climate change mitigation and contextualise the value which CO2 conversion and utilisation options can provide.
The Global CCS Institute and USEA co-hosted a briefing on the importance of R&D in advancing energy technologies on June 29 2017. This is the presentation given by Alfred “Buz” Brown, Founder, CEO and Chairman of ION Engineering.
The best overview of CO2 EOR I've seen crabtreeSteve Wittrig
Brad Crabtree, "The critical role of CCS and EOR in managing US carbon emissions" in "CO2 Summit II: Technologies and
Opportunities", Holly Krutka, Tri-State Generation & Transmission Association Inc. Frank Zhu, UOP/Honeywell Eds, ECI Symposium Series, (2016). http://dc.engconfintl.org/co2_summit2/3
CCUS in the USA: Activity, Prospects, and Academic Research - plenary presentation given by Alissa Park at the UKCCSRC Cardiff Biannual Meeting, 10-11 September 2014
The document discusses coal gasification, including underground coal gasification (UCG) and surface coal gasification. UCG involves injecting oxygen and steam into underground coal seams to produce synthesis gas. Surface gasification involves exposing coal to steam and controlled oxygen on the surface. Both technologies produce a mixture of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and other gases that can be used as fuel or processed further. The document examines the advantages of UCG such as accessing deep coal reserves and reduced environmental impacts compared to mining. It also discusses sourcing gasification technologies and the need for regulatory frameworks to allow gasification of coal resources.
Two Canadian energy companies, Bonavista Energy and ConocoPhillips Canada, have implemented new processes to eliminate over 99% of benzene emissions from their natural gas dehydration processes. Bonavista retrofitted a dehydrator to pipe vapors back to be used as fuel, destroying 99% of benzene emissions. ConocoPhillips uses a heat exchanger and glow plug to condense and combust benzene vapors without extra fuel. Both companies aim to apply these technologies across their operations to proactively reduce benzene emissions beyond regulatory limits.
Webinar: 'Applying carbon capture and storage to a Chinese steel plant.' Feas...Global CCS Institute
The document summarizes a feasibility study conducted by Toshiba Corporation on applying carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology to a steel plant in China. It discusses two potential cases for installing a CCS facility at Shougang Jingtang Steel Works that would capture 300 tons of CO2 per day. Case 1 involves capturing CO2 from the plant's lime kiln flue gas, while Case 2 focuses on capturing CO2 from hot blast stove flue gas. Both cases evaluate using hot blast stove flue gas as a heat source for CO2 recovery. The presentation provides details on plant layout, economics evaluation, and outstanding issues for further investigation.
The document summarizes a proposed project to build a steam methane reforming plant in Alberta capable of producing 50,000 Nm3 of hydrogen per hour. It details the plant's design requirements, including feedstock needs, operating costs, and economic analysis. The plant would produce hydrogen primarily through steam methane reforming of natural gas, and the document evaluates this process as well as alternatives like dry reforming of methane. It ultimately recommends constructing one to four similar hydrogen production plants in Alberta.
The document discusses doubling synthetic biofuel production through the addition of hydrogen from renewable energy. Currently, over half of biomass carbon is not utilized to make fuel due to hydrogen constraints. However, adding hydrogen from an external renewable source, such as electrolysis powered by wind or solar energy, could hydrogenate the surplus carbon into additional fuel. This could increase fuel output from biomass by 2.6 times, utilizing 79% of the biomass carbon rather than the current 31%. The approach has the potential to significantly increase sustainable fuel production to help decarbonize transportation.
The Global CCS Institute and USEA co-hosted a briefing on the importance of R&D in advancing energy technologies on June 29 2017. This is the presentation given by Ron Munson, Global Lead-Capture at the Global CCS Institute.
How Can CCU Provide a Net Benefit? - presentation by Peter Styring in the Emissions through the CCS Lifecycle session at the UKCCSRC Cardiff Biannual Meeting, 10-11 September 2014
Lessons Learned on CO2 Storage from the Midwest Regional Carbon Sequestration...Global CCS Institute
Completing field tests that demonstrate that geologic storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) can be conducted safely and commercially is one step towards developing robust strategies for mitigating large point source CO2 emissions.
The Midwest Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership Program (MRCSP) large volume CO2 injection test is providing data for improving capacity estimates and demonstrating storage capacity within a regionally significant resource. MRCSP is also evaluating CO2 storage potential in Ohio and other areas of the Midwest and the East Coast through regional mapping and exploratory site characterization. Lessons learned from pressure data analysis, modeling, monitoring technologies assessment, accounting, regional mapping and exploration enable technology advancements needed to help carbon capture and storage reach a commercial stage.
This webinar presented an update of the progress made to date and key findings from the MRCSP large volume CO2 injection test and regional exploration work. The topics that were covered include:
Background
- About the MRCSP
- Research objectives
Large Volume CO2 Injection Test, Approaches and Results:
- Description/Overview
- Data Uses
- Pressure Data Analysis and Modelling
- Monitoring Technology Assessment
- Accounting
Regional Mapping and Characterization of Storage Resources
- Known Sources and Sinks
- Studies of Reservoirs and Seals Underway
Coal bed methane and underground coal gasificationDan Wilson
A brief introduction to coal bed methane (CBM) and underground coal gasification. It includes yields and possible environmental impacts. A group presentation as part of my MSc at Keele University.
The document introduces a proposed coal-to-liquids (CTL) plant project by Baganuur Energy Corporation, a 50-50 joint venture between MCS Group of Mongolia and POSCO of South Korea. The project aims to produce 456,000 tons per year of diesel, 90,000 tons of gasoline, and 100,000 tons of DME from local Mongolian coal to reduce import dependence and air pollution in Ulaanbaatar. The proposed plant location is in Baganuur district and would cost $2 billion with commissioning planned for 2020.
Khushboo Choudhary presented on carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology. The presentation covered: (1) the basic CCS process involving capturing CO2 at large emission sources, transporting it, and storing it long-term underground; (2) the three main capture systems - pre-combustion, post-combustion, and oxy-fuel combustion; (3) methods of transporting and storing CO2; (4) current CCS projects around the world; and (5) remaining challenges for CCS including costs, uncertainties about long-term storage, and need for more research.
Santo Tomás es un municipio en el departamento de Atlántico, Colombia. Es conocido como "el municipio verde del Atlántico" debido a su gran número de árboles de mango. Los habitantes de Santo Tomás se caracterizan por ser trabajadores, responsables y respetuosos. Celebran tradiciones culturales como los carnavales y la Semana Santa, que refuerzan los valores comunitarios y el respeto por el patrimonio.
This document discusses issues of alienation and disconnection in adolescence. It describes forms of alienation such as normlessness, powerlessness, social isolation, and meaninglessness. Adolescents who are poor and minority experience the greatest alienation. Being faced with responsibility but lacking authority can lead to disconnectedness. Outcomes of alienation may include internalizing problems like anxiety and depression or externalizing problems like aggression. Substance abuse is discussed as a form of self-medication for emotional distress.
The document discusses RFID technology, including its components, frequency ranges, tag types, and applications in various industries. A survey was conducted to gather opinions on possible RFID applications from small and medium enterprises. The document concludes that RFID provides benefits like contactless reading and holding more data than barcodes, but also has limitations like higher costs compared to barcodes and potential signal interference from some materials.
08 qual o melhor momento da cirurgia no câncer epitelial de ovárioONCOcare
O documento discute o melhor momento para realizar a cirurgia no câncer epitelial de ovário. A cirurgia de estadiamento completo é essencial para estadiamentos iniciais, enquanto a quimioterapia neoadjuvante pode ser benéfica para estágios avançados ou quando a citorredução completa é improvável. A avaliação pré-operatória é importante para prever a capacidade de citorredução.
During the research and planning stages, the filmmakers used the internet to research conventions in perfume advertisements and analyze how to challenge conventions. They storyboarded their ideas and uploaded them to Macs to plan shot types, editing, and timing. During filming, they used a Panasonic handheld camera and tripod to capture different shot types. For editing, they used iMovie software which had some limitations and prevented certain effects. In the future, the filmmaker would use different editing software like Final Cut and do more thorough planning.
This document outlines the syllabus for several semesters of study in Social Policy and Planning, Administration of Welfare Services, Social Work Research, Mental Health, Environmental Imbalance and Disaster Management, and Human Resource Management. The syllabus covers key concepts, theories, and historical context across these topics through 4 units per semester. Some of the major areas covered include social policy formulation, models of social planning, research methodologies, mental health classifications and treatment, environmental protection approaches, and principles of human resource management.
Kurt Cobain was a musician born in 1967 who died by suicide in 1994. He was the lead singer, guitarist, and songwriter for the grunge band Nirvana and is considered one of the most iconic and influential musicians of the 1990s. Cobain struggled with depression and drug addiction throughout his life and career.
The document discusses the results of a survey conducted with 300 pharmacy students over 3 years to understand student opinions on the teaching of Pharmacognosy. Key findings included:
- 88.78% of students felt changes were needed to the Pharmacognosy syllabus.
- 80.88% felt developing practical skills should be emphasized.
- 70.54% suggested adding industry-based content to the syllabus.
- Over 80% agreed the workload was improperly distributed across the 4-year program.
The study highlights the need for reforms like adding industry experience, field work, and projects to improve Pharmacognosy education.
Este documento describe un estudio sobre la exposición de células T CD4 a rayos UVB y sus efectos en la metilación del ADN en pacientes con Lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES). Los resultados mostraron que el nivel de metilación del ADN en las células T CD4 de pacientes con LES fue menor que en controles sanos y que la exposición a UVB redujo la metilación del ADN de manera dependiente de la dosis. Sin embargo, la expresión del enzima DNMT1 no se vio afectada por los ray
The document discusses four magazine covers and contents pages. For the first cover, the reviewer likes the simple black, white and pink color scheme and that Nicki Minaj has a powerful gaze that draws the viewer in. However, they dislike that the picture is black and white rather than showing Minaj's colorful personality. For the first contents page, the reviewer likes that Minaj is centered and her name highlighted, which focuses on her as the topic. There is nothing disliked.
The document summarizes the new Chevrolet Camaro SS sports car. It describes the car's aggressive design that pays homage to the first generation Camaro while incorporating modern enhancements. The Chevrolet Camaro SS is equipped with a 6.2 liter V8 engine producing 400 horsepower, a 6-speed transmission, luxury features, and advanced safety systems like six airbags and stability control to ensure survival in impacts. The document promotes the new Chevrolet Camaro SS as reinterpreting the iconic muscle car for the 21st century.
Este documento resume las enfermedades más comunes del sistema urinario, incluyendo la cistitis, pielonefritis y litiasis renal. Describe las causas comunes como infecciones bacterianas y los síntomas como disuria, fiebre y dolor abdominal. También cubre la pielonefritis específicamente, indicando que las bacterias gram negativas son una causa común y que los síntomas incluyen fiebre alta, escalofríos y dolor lumbar.
Carbon Sequestration Final Proposal (LINKEDIN)Alex Rojas
This report proposes a design to capture and store carbon dioxide emissions from Cornell University's power plant. The major components are a water spray cooler to lower the temperature of flue gas from the plant, a series of MEA columns to separate CO2 from the flue gas, and a pipeline to transport CO2 16.5 miles to a storage site near another power plant. The total estimated cost is $80 million to capture 65,000 lbs/hr of CO2, and the project would take 5.5 years to construct with storage lasting 125 years. Risks like pipeline failures and groundwater displacement are also analyzed.
Research Coordination Network on Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage Funded by National Science Foundation in USA - A.-H. Alissa Park, Columbia University - UKCCSRC Strathclyde Biannual 8-9 September 2015
Jeffrey Brown – Summit Power Group – Texas Clean Energy Project: coal feedsto...Global CCS Institute
Jeffrey Brown, Vice-President, Project Finance, Summit Power Group, presented on the Texas Clean Energy Project’s coal feedstock poly-generation plant with CCUS at the Global CCS Institute's Japanese Members' Meeting held in Tokyo on 8 June 2012
This document summarizes research on carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies for industrial processes. It reviews CCS research for cement production, focusing on post-combustion capture using amine solvents and calcium looping technologies. Post-combustion capture for cement plants has an estimated cost of $107/tonne, while calcium looping averages $38/tonne. Oxy-fuel combustion is also discussed and estimated at $60/tonne. Current UK academic research on CCS for cement includes integrating calcium looping with cement manufacturing and examining the effects of high CO2 concentrations during cement production.
Coal liquefaction is a process that converts coal into liquid fuels like diesel or gasoline. There are two main types of coal liquefaction: direct and indirect. Direct liquefaction involves partially refining coal directly into synthetic crude oil, while indirect liquefaction first gasifies coal into syngas and then converts the syngas into liquid fuels using processes like Fischer-Tropsch or the Bergius process. Major countries investing in coal liquefaction include China, South Africa, and Australia. It offers benefits like energy security but also faces challenges of high costs and potential environmental impacts.
This document summarizes a new process for converting coal to ammonia using Kellogg Brown & Root's (KBR) Transport Reactor Integrated Gasifier (TRIG) technology. The process involves:
1. Gasifying coal using KBR's TRIG technology to produce syngas. The syngas is then purified through steps like acid gas removal.
2. Compressing the purified syngas and feeding it into an ammonia synthesis loop to produce ammonia using a conventional KBR ammonia process.
3. Recovering the ammonia produced and refrigerating it for storage or transport.
The paper provides details on the major unit operations in the coal gasification and ammonia
The document discusses the history and types of clean coal technologies from 2009-2018. It provides details on gasification, integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) technology, and carbon capture and storage (CCS). Major points include:
- Clean coal technologies aim to increase coal's efficiency and reduce its environmental impact. Gasification and IGCC allow for more efficient power generation and easier carbon capture.
- Between 2009-2012, awareness of clean coal increased but many developing countries still relied on traditional coal plants due to lack of knowledge. China in particular increased its clean coal research.
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Well injection
1. Well Injection
According to the International Energy
Agency’s Greenhouse Gas Program
findings, conventional recovery by water
removal produces about half the
methane adsorbed onto the coal.
2. Tiffany Project
• Amoco Production Co., now part of BP, conducted the Tiffany project in the 1990s on its CBM
properties in southern Colorado. Company engineers reasoned that nitrogen injection would
improve recovery from the coal since nitrogen has twice as great an affinity for San Juan Basin
coals as methane. In addition, the sweep of the nitrogen front through the formation would push
the released methane to the production wells.
According to an Advanced Resources International study of EGR, if the nitrogen flushes the
methane, it can reach a saturation of almost 100% on the coal.
This is not an inexpensive technique. Even though air is mostly nitrogen, a nitrogen generator
must create nitrogen with high enough quality for an effective sweep, and nitrogen produced with
the methane must be separated, treated and reinjected.
Amoco started the project after the group of wells had produced conventionally for 9 years. It
drilled 10 new directional wells in January 1998 and in December of that year converted two
producing wells to injectors. It injected 22 MMcf/d to 28 MMcf/d of nitrogen into the 12 wells.
Before the injection, the project wells produced 5 MMcf/d of gas from 34 wells. The speed of the
nitrogen action was immediately evident as well production peaked at 29 MMcf/d of gas, a five-
fold increase, in March 1999.
Now, the company is studying the potential of adding CO2 injection to the already-generated
nitrogen.
3. Allison Project
• In its Allison project in New Mexico, Burlington Northern, now part of
ConocoPhillips, injected CO2 and shut in five producing wells for 6
months to let the CO2 “soak” and give the CO2 and methane a
chance to change places.
The company reasoned CO2 has four times the affinity for coal that
methane has, and it should displace the methane from the coal.
After 6 months, the company opened the production wells and saw
an immediate increase in water production. The company also
found a 0.6% concentration of CO2 after injection compared with
0.4% before injection.
The company injected 4.7 Bcf of CO2 into the partially dewatered
coals and got a 1.5 Bcf incremental increase in methane production.
About 4.2 Bcf of the CO2 remained adsorbed on the coal.
4. Economics
• Advanced Resources International came up with a calculation for base
methane recovery and recovery with nitrogen and CO2 individually in a
conceptual five-spot recovery pattern.
Base recovery with no enhanced mechanisms was 1.171 Bcf of gas.
Recovery with nitrogen rose to 2.933 Bcf, and recovery with CO2 was in
between at 2.147 Bcf. In other words, incremental recovery with nitrogen
more than doubled recovery from the pattern, and the CO2 injection nearly
doubled the production.
The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) offered a look at the
economics of a 100-well CO2 injection project, assuming a wellhead price of
US $2/Mcf for the CBM and assuming the cost of drilling the production
wells and the infrastructure already had been sunk in the conventional
production phase. It estimated an undiscounted cash flow of $1.l6 to
$1.36/Mcf of gas at a 40% recovery. A new project with new production
wells and infrastructure would lower cash flow by $0.13 to $0.20/Mcf,
leaving the operator a profit between $0.96 and $1.23/Mcf, undiscounted.
5. Combining CO2 & Nitrogen
• Given the qualities of both CO2 and nitrogen in improving CSG production
and given the potential of coal to adsorb four times as much CO2 as
methane in a world looking for ways to get rid of greenhouse gases, a
combination of the two technologies was a natural extension.
Advanced Resources International, and later the Alberta Research Council
in Canada, speculated on the value of combining the technologies using flue
gas from coal-fired power plants, which contains both gases.
The CO2 remains adsorbed to the coal, and most of the nitrogen returns to
the surface in the methane stream.
Utility companies also try to build power plants near the power source, in
this case coal. That opens another attractive alternative. An operator could
collect flue gas from a coal-fired power plant, use the gas to enhance
recovery from the coal beds and use the produced methane for cleaner
industrial utility power.
6. Real World Tests
• A one-well test in the south Qinshui Basin in
Shanxi Province in northern China showed the
coal was stable and permeable enough to
adsorb CO2 and increase methane production.
In related activity, the Asia Canada Energy Inc.
subsidiary of Pacific Asia China Energy Inc. and
the Alberta Research Council started a
cooperative research study to evaluate EGR
potential in the company’s coalbed methane
concession in Guizhou Province in China.
7. Why Docklands Science Park?
• Question remaining
A CBM enhanced recovery conference in
Boulder, Colo., revealed that operators had no
problem with the mechanics of injecting CO2,
nitrogen or flue gas into coal seams.
The big question centred on the economics of
gathering, processing and treating the gases to
get them ready for injection.
8. 200t/day PUTAR Unit
Apply heat
here by pulse
combustion
heaters
Separates gases
sequentially by liquefaction
temperatures, enabling
liquid methane to be sent
into the pipeline and sent
down the pipeline. Cooling down to -268°C
Units are modular.