This project aims to design a waste management system to produce bioenergy for rural Alaskan communities through anaerobic digestion of human waste. The system will include a collective waste collection system, a bioreactor for digestion and biogas production, and storage and utilization of the methane biogas. AutoCAD and COMSOL Multiphysics will be used to model and simulate the design. Methane production will be modeled using STELLA software. Equipment like grinder pumps, mixing pumps, solar panels, and batteries will be incorporated into the system.
This project aims to design a waste management system for rural Alaskan communities to produce bioenergy through anaerobic digestion of human waste. The system will include a collective waste collection system, a bioreactor for digestion and biogas production, and storage and utilization of methane gas. Modeling will be done using AutoCAD, COMSOL, and STELLA to simulate the design and operating conditions. Components like insulated tanks, heaters, pumps, and solar panels will be incorporated. The goal is to improve living standards through a sustainable waste disposal and renewable energy source.
Engineering of Waste to Energy Generation in the Last Frontier: Bioenergy P...CarlyFitzMorris1
This project aims to design a waste management system for rural Alaskan communities to produce bioenergy through anaerobic digestion of human waste. The system would include a collective waste collection system, a bioreactor for digestion and biogas production maintained at psychrophilic temperatures through insulation and heating, and storage and utilization of methane biogas as a source of heat. Modeling of waste storage and digestion, heating requirements, and biogas and energy generation will be conducted to optimize design and operation of the system. The goal is to improve living conditions for isolated Alaskans through a sustainable renewable energy source.
BIOENERGY PRODUCTION UTILIZING WASTEWATER IN REMOTE LOW-TEMPERATURE ALASKAAlexanderKasko
This document outlines a project to design a waste management system in remote Alaska to produce bioenergy through anaerobic digestion of human waste. The system would utilize wastewater from rural Alaskan communities lacking modern plumbing. The objectives are to design a collective waste storage system, anaerobic digester bioreactor, and process for storing, transporting and utilizing the methane biogas produced. The approach involves reviewing literature on wastewater collection and digestion systems, modeling methane production and reactor heating needs, and assessing solar power options for energy generation.
The document summarizes a project to redesign the composting facility for the City of Columbia. The objectives are to evaluate incorporating food waste, redesign the site layout, and increase profitability. It provides background on the current facility and rationale for changes. A literature review covers composting processes and technologies. Methods include determining pile dimensions and a material mass balance. Results include the proposed material balance and site layout. The document acknowledges experts who provided information.
Algal Harvesting in the Partitioned Aquaculture SystemKatey Norvell
My team and I oriented our goals of this project around the idea of implementing a system for optimal carbon sequestration. The main design goal was to make usable the existing Partitioned Aquaculture System (PAS) present on Clemson University's campus through utilization as a way to sequester atmospheric carbon by use of algae
This document provides case studies for four projects related to waste water and reuse:
1) Hillcrest Housing Association HQ focused on sustainability through a biomass boiler, earth tubes for ventilation, and rainwater recycling.
2) The Architect's House in Lucknow, India prioritized green spaces, solar power, and wastewater treatment and reuse.
3) PTC Industries HQ aimed for LEED platinum through preserving trees, minimizing turf, harvesting rainwater, and generating solar power onsite.
4) The Mamak Recycling Center processes waste through anaerobic digestion to produce biogas and compost while recycling materials.
This is a presentation on the design of plant for producing 20 million standard cubic feet per day (0.555 × 106 standard m3/day) of hydrogen (H2) of at least 95% purity from heavy fuel oil (HFO) with an upstream time of 7680 hours/year applying the process of partial oxidation of the heavy oil feedstock.
This project aims to design a waste management system for rural Alaskan communities to produce bioenergy through anaerobic digestion of human waste. The system will include a collective waste collection system, a bioreactor for digestion and biogas production, and storage and utilization of methane gas. Modeling will be done using AutoCAD, COMSOL, and STELLA to simulate the design and operating conditions. Components like insulated tanks, heaters, pumps, and solar panels will be incorporated. The goal is to improve living standards through a sustainable waste disposal and renewable energy source.
Engineering of Waste to Energy Generation in the Last Frontier: Bioenergy P...CarlyFitzMorris1
This project aims to design a waste management system for rural Alaskan communities to produce bioenergy through anaerobic digestion of human waste. The system would include a collective waste collection system, a bioreactor for digestion and biogas production maintained at psychrophilic temperatures through insulation and heating, and storage and utilization of methane biogas as a source of heat. Modeling of waste storage and digestion, heating requirements, and biogas and energy generation will be conducted to optimize design and operation of the system. The goal is to improve living conditions for isolated Alaskans through a sustainable renewable energy source.
BIOENERGY PRODUCTION UTILIZING WASTEWATER IN REMOTE LOW-TEMPERATURE ALASKAAlexanderKasko
This document outlines a project to design a waste management system in remote Alaska to produce bioenergy through anaerobic digestion of human waste. The system would utilize wastewater from rural Alaskan communities lacking modern plumbing. The objectives are to design a collective waste storage system, anaerobic digester bioreactor, and process for storing, transporting and utilizing the methane biogas produced. The approach involves reviewing literature on wastewater collection and digestion systems, modeling methane production and reactor heating needs, and assessing solar power options for energy generation.
The document summarizes a project to redesign the composting facility for the City of Columbia. The objectives are to evaluate incorporating food waste, redesign the site layout, and increase profitability. It provides background on the current facility and rationale for changes. A literature review covers composting processes and technologies. Methods include determining pile dimensions and a material mass balance. Results include the proposed material balance and site layout. The document acknowledges experts who provided information.
Algal Harvesting in the Partitioned Aquaculture SystemKatey Norvell
My team and I oriented our goals of this project around the idea of implementing a system for optimal carbon sequestration. The main design goal was to make usable the existing Partitioned Aquaculture System (PAS) present on Clemson University's campus through utilization as a way to sequester atmospheric carbon by use of algae
This document provides case studies for four projects related to waste water and reuse:
1) Hillcrest Housing Association HQ focused on sustainability through a biomass boiler, earth tubes for ventilation, and rainwater recycling.
2) The Architect's House in Lucknow, India prioritized green spaces, solar power, and wastewater treatment and reuse.
3) PTC Industries HQ aimed for LEED platinum through preserving trees, minimizing turf, harvesting rainwater, and generating solar power onsite.
4) The Mamak Recycling Center processes waste through anaerobic digestion to produce biogas and compost while recycling materials.
This is a presentation on the design of plant for producing 20 million standard cubic feet per day (0.555 × 106 standard m3/day) of hydrogen (H2) of at least 95% purity from heavy fuel oil (HFO) with an upstream time of 7680 hours/year applying the process of partial oxidation of the heavy oil feedstock.
Mark Rice - Planning for Emergency Mass-Depopulation of Swine in Response to ...John Blue
Planning for Emergency Mass-Depopulation of Swine in Response to a Foreign Animal Disease Outbreak - Mark Rice, North Carolina State University, from the 2015 World Pork Expo, June 3 - 5, 2015, Des Moines, IA, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2015-world-pork-expo
This document discusses various types of conventional and renewable energy technologies. It covers the following:
1. It discusses the process of biogas production through anaerobic digestion of biomass. This involves four stages - hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis.
2. It explains integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plants which convert coal into synthesis gas through gasification before combustion.
3. It provides an overview of the types and working principles of biogas digesters, as well as the economic, agronomic, and environmental advantages of anaerobic digestion.
The document discusses anaerobic digestion and how it is used at EcoDairy farm. Anaerobic digestion is a process where microorganisms break down organic matter like manure in an oxygen-free tank to produce biogas. EcoDairy uses a plug flow anaerobic digester to break down cow manure which produces biogas used to generate electricity. The digester reduces odors and produces renewable energy while the solid and liquid outputs of the process are used as fertilizer or bedding.
This document summarizes a project to produce biohydrogen gas from peach waste using the bacterium Thermotoga neapolitana. Musser Farm produces over 60,000 kg of peach waste annually that is currently disposed of in waste ponds. The goals of the project are to design a process to use all the peach waste to produce biohydrogen gas via bacterial fermentation, capture the gas for energy use, and find beneficial uses for the remaining effluent. Two reactor designs are considered: a batch reactor and continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR). Economic and sustainability analyses indicate the CSTR design would be most viable, producing an estimated 132 kg of hydrogen gas annually at a profit of $2,520 per year.
Barangaroo South District Cooling Plant (DCP) Fact SheetDeanDallwitz
Something I'm pretty proud of. Heat load still growing as the precinct gets built out, but already hitting CoP's HVAC Engineers only dream about. This is a major contributor to the Carbon Neutral, Zero Waste and Water Positive commitments for the Barangaroo South District and a bespoke project I led with some very talented Lendlease engineers. Yes designed by Lendlease and built by Lendlease. This is the only one like it in the world!
This document discusses ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC), a renewable energy technology that generates electricity from the temperature difference between warm surface waters and cold deep ocean waters. OTEC works best with a temperature difference of 36°F and is viable in tropical coastal regions. There are two main cycles - open cycle which uses warm water directly and closed cycle which uses a fluid with a low boiling point. Some OTEC plants are currently operating in Japan and France. While OTEC has potential benefits, challenges include dissolved gases coming out of solution in the cold water intake and carefully sealing systems to prevent air inleakage.
This document discusses carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies. It describes different carbon capture methods such as pre-combustion, post-combustion, and cryogenic capture. Post-combustion requires large volumes of solvent and can produce toxic byproducts. Pre-combustion has high construction costs and decreased flexibility. The captured carbon is then transported via pipelines and stored geologically. However, CCS projects face economic challenges like a lack of market incentives and need for large storage volumes. While CCS could enable a transition away from fossil fuels, the technology has yet to be widely implemented due to these technical and economic difficulties.
Storage of commodities at low temperature increases the shelf life. Proper understanding of storage system is necessary for desire cooling effect. Basic information regarding refrigeration is explained here. Design parameters are also give to be considered.
Biogas is produced by the breakdown of organic waste by bacteria during anaerobic digestion. It is a mixture of gases, primarily methane and carbon dioxide. A biogas plant consists of a digester where the waste decomposes and a gas holder that captures the gases produced. Biogas can be used as a fuel for cooking, lighting, electricity generation, and transportation. While biogas has benefits such as being renewable and reducing pollution, some challenges to biogas adoption include plant failures and lack of technology advancement to produce cleaner gas.
A Review on Waste Heat from Sugar Indusrty to Drive Vapour Absorption AC’sIRJET Journal
This document reviews utilizing waste heat from the sugar industry to power vapor absorption air conditioning systems. It first discusses the sugar production process and the large amounts of waste water produced. It then examines absorption cooling as an alternative to vapor compression that can use low-grade waste heat. The literature review explores benefits of waste heat recovery and absorption cooling technology. The methodology section outlines a study of waste water flows and temperatures at a sugar factory in India to determine the potential cooling output from waste heat. The objectives are to power factory AC systems using waste heat and reduce electricity consumption.
This document summarizes ITC's processes for paperboard production, effluent treatment, and utilization of plastic waste and carbon sequestration at their facility in India. Some key points:
- ITC uses 75% recycled paper and produces 250 tons of paperboard per day through a process that consumes water, chemicals, and fuels.
- Effluent is treated on-site through a multi-step process before being used for irrigation. Emissions also meet regulatory standards.
- The facility aims to implement carbon sequestration through applying biochar to 225 acres of land and produce fuel from 500kg of plastic waste using pyrolysis.
Design &Analysis of Waste Heat Recovery System for Domestic RefrigeratorIJMER
Heat is energy, so energy saving is one of the key matters from view point of fuel consumption
and for the protection of global environment. So it is necessary that a significant and concrete effort should
be made for conserving energy through waste heat recovery too. The main objective of this paper is to study
“Waste Heat recovery system for domestic refrigerator”. An attempt has been made to utilize waste heat
from condenser of refrigerator. This heat can be used for number of domestic and industrial purposes. In
minimum constructional, maintenance and running cost, this system is much useful for domestic purpose. It
is valuable alternative approach to improve overall efficiency and reuse the waste heat. The study has
shown that such a system is technically feasible and economically viable.
[Metropolia Student Project Seminar 24.5.] Water and Wastewater TreatmentGBC Finland
The document is an environmental assessment report presented by four students to the Finnish Green Building Council on water and wastewater treatment technologies. It summarizes novel approaches to minimize wastewater production through water reuse systems, low-flow fixtures, and metering. It also describes energy and nutrient recovery from wastewater using technologies like algae biomass harvesting. The report concludes that on-site wastewater treatment and rainwater harvesting can save potable water, while drain water heat recovery can reduce energy use for water heating.
Site and operations redesign of composting facility for the city of columbiaRachelCron1
The document summarizes a proposed redesign of the City of Columbia's composting facility to incorporate food waste. Key points include:
- The selected technology is turned windrows, which allows a larger variety of feedstocks and high volumes while mimicking natural decomposition.
- Capacity calculations determined windrow dimensions of 16' wide by 200' long, with 77 piles needed for the 15,000 yd3 capacity.
- Stormwater modeling showed adding a retention pond reduced peak discharge by over 30% compared to no pond.
- The proposed 0.459-acre pond has a base area of 0.96 acres and would retain over 12 acre-feet of runoff from a 24-
Site and Operations Redesign of Composting Facility for City of ColumbiaMalloryWare
The document summarizes a project to redesign the site and operations of a composting facility in Columbia, SC to allow incorporation of food waste. The objectives are to evaluate technology to incorporate food waste, redesign the site layout based on the chosen technology, and propose a plan to reduce costs and gain funding. A literature review covers composting processes, facility types, technologies like windrows and in-vessel systems, and retention pond design for managing stormwater runoff.
Design of Preliminary Wastewater Treatment for Devils Backbone BrewerySydney Lynn
The document outlines a preliminary design for a wastewater treatment system for Devils Backbone Brewery. The system would utilize a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and anaerobic digester to treat the brewery's high-strength side-stream waste and reduce biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) levels. The design aims to reduce BOD to acceptable levels for the local wastewater treatment plant while generating biogas from waste biomass to fuel boilers on-site. Key components include a primary settling tank, CSTR, secondary settling tank, anaerobic digester, gas storage tanks, and potential heat exchanger. The design provides sample calculations and considers safety, economic, and sustainability factors.
Prototype Development of an Integrated Mars Atmosphere and Soil Processing Sy...Michael Interbartolo
The document describes a prototype integrated Mars atmosphere and soil processing system called MARCO POLO. It includes modules to collect and process Mars atmosphere and regolith to produce fuel, water, and other resources. Testing was conducted at NASA's Johnson Space Center using Mars simulant instead of real Martian materials. The system includes atmospheric processing, water processing, soil processing, power production, and distribution modules to operate autonomously in a closed-loop system.
This document discusses solar powered absorption refrigeration systems. It provides details on:
1) LiBr-H2O is considered the best working pair for solar absorption air conditioning systems due to its higher COP compared to other pairs like H2O-NH3.
2) A single effect system with refrigerant storage can accumulate refrigerant during high sunlight but has a lower COP, while a double effect convertible system has a higher COP.
3) A two-stage system lowers the generator temperature allowing use of conventional flat plate collectors, reducing system costs.
1) Anaerobic digestion plants produce waste heat, carbon dioxide, and nutrients that could be used by greenhouse operators.
2) Greenhouses need large amounts of heat and carbon dioxide to grow crops like tomatoes. The demands of greenhouses closely match the outputs of anaerobic digestion plants.
3) A conceptual design was presented where anaerobic digestion plant exhaust would be treated, cooled, and piped to greenhouses. Initial calculations showed this could be economically viable for both parties.
This presentation is about concentrated solar power (csp)and it's advanced versions
Especially about concentrated solar tower
And this presentation look deeply into the advanced technology and its application
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Mark Rice - Planning for Emergency Mass-Depopulation of Swine in Response to ...John Blue
Planning for Emergency Mass-Depopulation of Swine in Response to a Foreign Animal Disease Outbreak - Mark Rice, North Carolina State University, from the 2015 World Pork Expo, June 3 - 5, 2015, Des Moines, IA, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2015-world-pork-expo
This document discusses various types of conventional and renewable energy technologies. It covers the following:
1. It discusses the process of biogas production through anaerobic digestion of biomass. This involves four stages - hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis.
2. It explains integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plants which convert coal into synthesis gas through gasification before combustion.
3. It provides an overview of the types and working principles of biogas digesters, as well as the economic, agronomic, and environmental advantages of anaerobic digestion.
The document discusses anaerobic digestion and how it is used at EcoDairy farm. Anaerobic digestion is a process where microorganisms break down organic matter like manure in an oxygen-free tank to produce biogas. EcoDairy uses a plug flow anaerobic digester to break down cow manure which produces biogas used to generate electricity. The digester reduces odors and produces renewable energy while the solid and liquid outputs of the process are used as fertilizer or bedding.
This document summarizes a project to produce biohydrogen gas from peach waste using the bacterium Thermotoga neapolitana. Musser Farm produces over 60,000 kg of peach waste annually that is currently disposed of in waste ponds. The goals of the project are to design a process to use all the peach waste to produce biohydrogen gas via bacterial fermentation, capture the gas for energy use, and find beneficial uses for the remaining effluent. Two reactor designs are considered: a batch reactor and continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR). Economic and sustainability analyses indicate the CSTR design would be most viable, producing an estimated 132 kg of hydrogen gas annually at a profit of $2,520 per year.
Barangaroo South District Cooling Plant (DCP) Fact SheetDeanDallwitz
Something I'm pretty proud of. Heat load still growing as the precinct gets built out, but already hitting CoP's HVAC Engineers only dream about. This is a major contributor to the Carbon Neutral, Zero Waste and Water Positive commitments for the Barangaroo South District and a bespoke project I led with some very talented Lendlease engineers. Yes designed by Lendlease and built by Lendlease. This is the only one like it in the world!
This document discusses ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC), a renewable energy technology that generates electricity from the temperature difference between warm surface waters and cold deep ocean waters. OTEC works best with a temperature difference of 36°F and is viable in tropical coastal regions. There are two main cycles - open cycle which uses warm water directly and closed cycle which uses a fluid with a low boiling point. Some OTEC plants are currently operating in Japan and France. While OTEC has potential benefits, challenges include dissolved gases coming out of solution in the cold water intake and carefully sealing systems to prevent air inleakage.
This document discusses carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies. It describes different carbon capture methods such as pre-combustion, post-combustion, and cryogenic capture. Post-combustion requires large volumes of solvent and can produce toxic byproducts. Pre-combustion has high construction costs and decreased flexibility. The captured carbon is then transported via pipelines and stored geologically. However, CCS projects face economic challenges like a lack of market incentives and need for large storage volumes. While CCS could enable a transition away from fossil fuels, the technology has yet to be widely implemented due to these technical and economic difficulties.
Storage of commodities at low temperature increases the shelf life. Proper understanding of storage system is necessary for desire cooling effect. Basic information regarding refrigeration is explained here. Design parameters are also give to be considered.
Biogas is produced by the breakdown of organic waste by bacteria during anaerobic digestion. It is a mixture of gases, primarily methane and carbon dioxide. A biogas plant consists of a digester where the waste decomposes and a gas holder that captures the gases produced. Biogas can be used as a fuel for cooking, lighting, electricity generation, and transportation. While biogas has benefits such as being renewable and reducing pollution, some challenges to biogas adoption include plant failures and lack of technology advancement to produce cleaner gas.
A Review on Waste Heat from Sugar Indusrty to Drive Vapour Absorption AC’sIRJET Journal
This document reviews utilizing waste heat from the sugar industry to power vapor absorption air conditioning systems. It first discusses the sugar production process and the large amounts of waste water produced. It then examines absorption cooling as an alternative to vapor compression that can use low-grade waste heat. The literature review explores benefits of waste heat recovery and absorption cooling technology. The methodology section outlines a study of waste water flows and temperatures at a sugar factory in India to determine the potential cooling output from waste heat. The objectives are to power factory AC systems using waste heat and reduce electricity consumption.
This document summarizes ITC's processes for paperboard production, effluent treatment, and utilization of plastic waste and carbon sequestration at their facility in India. Some key points:
- ITC uses 75% recycled paper and produces 250 tons of paperboard per day through a process that consumes water, chemicals, and fuels.
- Effluent is treated on-site through a multi-step process before being used for irrigation. Emissions also meet regulatory standards.
- The facility aims to implement carbon sequestration through applying biochar to 225 acres of land and produce fuel from 500kg of plastic waste using pyrolysis.
Design &Analysis of Waste Heat Recovery System for Domestic RefrigeratorIJMER
Heat is energy, so energy saving is one of the key matters from view point of fuel consumption
and for the protection of global environment. So it is necessary that a significant and concrete effort should
be made for conserving energy through waste heat recovery too. The main objective of this paper is to study
“Waste Heat recovery system for domestic refrigerator”. An attempt has been made to utilize waste heat
from condenser of refrigerator. This heat can be used for number of domestic and industrial purposes. In
minimum constructional, maintenance and running cost, this system is much useful for domestic purpose. It
is valuable alternative approach to improve overall efficiency and reuse the waste heat. The study has
shown that such a system is technically feasible and economically viable.
[Metropolia Student Project Seminar 24.5.] Water and Wastewater TreatmentGBC Finland
The document is an environmental assessment report presented by four students to the Finnish Green Building Council on water and wastewater treatment technologies. It summarizes novel approaches to minimize wastewater production through water reuse systems, low-flow fixtures, and metering. It also describes energy and nutrient recovery from wastewater using technologies like algae biomass harvesting. The report concludes that on-site wastewater treatment and rainwater harvesting can save potable water, while drain water heat recovery can reduce energy use for water heating.
Site and operations redesign of composting facility for the city of columbiaRachelCron1
The document summarizes a proposed redesign of the City of Columbia's composting facility to incorporate food waste. Key points include:
- The selected technology is turned windrows, which allows a larger variety of feedstocks and high volumes while mimicking natural decomposition.
- Capacity calculations determined windrow dimensions of 16' wide by 200' long, with 77 piles needed for the 15,000 yd3 capacity.
- Stormwater modeling showed adding a retention pond reduced peak discharge by over 30% compared to no pond.
- The proposed 0.459-acre pond has a base area of 0.96 acres and would retain over 12 acre-feet of runoff from a 24-
Site and Operations Redesign of Composting Facility for City of ColumbiaMalloryWare
The document summarizes a project to redesign the site and operations of a composting facility in Columbia, SC to allow incorporation of food waste. The objectives are to evaluate technology to incorporate food waste, redesign the site layout based on the chosen technology, and propose a plan to reduce costs and gain funding. A literature review covers composting processes, facility types, technologies like windrows and in-vessel systems, and retention pond design for managing stormwater runoff.
Design of Preliminary Wastewater Treatment for Devils Backbone BrewerySydney Lynn
The document outlines a preliminary design for a wastewater treatment system for Devils Backbone Brewery. The system would utilize a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and anaerobic digester to treat the brewery's high-strength side-stream waste and reduce biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) levels. The design aims to reduce BOD to acceptable levels for the local wastewater treatment plant while generating biogas from waste biomass to fuel boilers on-site. Key components include a primary settling tank, CSTR, secondary settling tank, anaerobic digester, gas storage tanks, and potential heat exchanger. The design provides sample calculations and considers safety, economic, and sustainability factors.
Prototype Development of an Integrated Mars Atmosphere and Soil Processing Sy...Michael Interbartolo
The document describes a prototype integrated Mars atmosphere and soil processing system called MARCO POLO. It includes modules to collect and process Mars atmosphere and regolith to produce fuel, water, and other resources. Testing was conducted at NASA's Johnson Space Center using Mars simulant instead of real Martian materials. The system includes atmospheric processing, water processing, soil processing, power production, and distribution modules to operate autonomously in a closed-loop system.
This document discusses solar powered absorption refrigeration systems. It provides details on:
1) LiBr-H2O is considered the best working pair for solar absorption air conditioning systems due to its higher COP compared to other pairs like H2O-NH3.
2) A single effect system with refrigerant storage can accumulate refrigerant during high sunlight but has a lower COP, while a double effect convertible system has a higher COP.
3) A two-stage system lowers the generator temperature allowing use of conventional flat plate collectors, reducing system costs.
1) Anaerobic digestion plants produce waste heat, carbon dioxide, and nutrients that could be used by greenhouse operators.
2) Greenhouses need large amounts of heat and carbon dioxide to grow crops like tomatoes. The demands of greenhouses closely match the outputs of anaerobic digestion plants.
3) A conceptual design was presented where anaerobic digestion plant exhaust would be treated, cooled, and piped to greenhouses. Initial calculations showed this could be economically viable for both parties.
This presentation is about concentrated solar power (csp)and it's advanced versions
Especially about concentrated solar tower
And this presentation look deeply into the advanced technology and its application
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECT
Capstone Final.pptx
1. Engineering of Waste to Energy
Generation in the Last Frontier:
Bioenergy Production Utilizing
Wastewater in Remote Low-
Temperature Alaska
CASEY BALLARD, CARLY FITZ MORRIS, ALEXANDER KASKO, JOHN THOMAS LENCKE,
ANDREW LIN
CLEMSON UNIVERSITY, CLEMSON, SC
December 6, 2022
4. Background
● Alaskan temperatures lead to near
year-round permafrost
● Communities are extremely remote due
to Alaska’s size
● Modern plumbing appliances are
infeasible if not impossible
● Solution for human waste is a “honey
bucket” paired with intermittent lagoon
delivery
● Alaskans input their waste in a plastic
bag in the honey bucket, tie up the
waste, and discard in a lagoon
● Lagoons are sometimes far away and
travel is difficult due to dirt roads with
poor maintenance and harsh weather
conditions
Figure 1: Alaskan Mean Daily Temperatures
Figure 2: A Honey Bucket
5.
6. Figure 3: Extreme Climate Conditions Figure 4: Fairbanks, Alaska
Figure 5: Individual Transportation of Waste Figure 6: Accumulation of Waste in Lagoon Figure 7: Waste Disposal
7. Rationale
● Rural Alaskans living in freezing temperatures reaching -20°C during the
winter are without modern plumbing and waste disposal facilities
● By utilizing human waste through collection and anaerobic digestion, a
sustainable source of heat in the form of biogas will improve the health and
living conditions of many Alaskans
8. Goal
The goal of this project is to design a waste management system to produce
bioenergy for rural Alaskans by incorporating anaerobic digestion of human waste.
9. Objectives
The specific objectives of this project are:
1. To design a collective waste system
2. To design a bioreactor for waste digestion and biogas generation
3. To store, transport, and utilize methane in the form of biogas
10. Objective 1:
To Design a Collective Waste System
● TASK 1: To devise a structure that can store a community-wide amount of waste
for an extended period of time
● TASK 2: To design a system for easy-access waste entry to the digester
● TASK 3: To incorporate an effluent removal system for cleaning
11. Objective 2:
To Design a Bioreactor for Waste
Digestion and Biogas Generation
● TASK 1: To construct a psychrophilic batch reactor to produce methane from
community waste
● TASK 2: To evaluate the amount of insulation needed to keep the bioreactor
operating at 20°C
● TASK 3: To determine the microorganisms required to allow for anaerobic
digestion to occur
12. Objective 3:
To Store, Transport, and Utilize Methane in
the Form of Biogas
● TASK 1: To design a safe mechanism to collect methane gas to be used for
bioenergy production
● TASK 2: To determine a safe handling method to store methane
● TASK 3: To engineer a process for the methane collected to be used as heat by
the community
15. Literature Review
● Waste Collection and Storage
● Digester Operating Conditions
● On-Site Temperatures
16. Waste Collection and Storage
● 2,000 gallon tanks
○ Each tank can hold waste for an estimated 40 days for a population size of
100
○ Estimate each person produces 0.4 gallons of waste each day
○ 2,000 - 400 gallons (the amount of volume left at top of tank for gas) =
1,600 gallons
○ 1,600 / (0.4 *100) = 40 days
○ 40 days of digestion is also enough time for the reactions to take place and
methane to be produced
● Current AutoCAD drawing is based off of AutoCAD dimensions from Snyder
Industries Inc.
○ Chose this design based off of its ability for easy installation and meeting
all sizing and pricing criteria
17. Digester Operating Conditions
● Mixed Anaerobic Digester
○ Mixing method - Pumping settled substrate upward
● Flow Conditions
○ Intermittent inflow - Assumed due to practices of Alaskans
○ Fed Batch vs CSTR
● Operating Times
○ It is assumed that anaerobic conditions will soon occur in digester
○ Each digester will alternate being filled for 40 days
○ Once internal temperatures reach above the freezing point of water the
digesters are assumed to be operational
18. Operating Conditions of Influent
● Fecal Waste
○ Complex mix dependent upon diet
■ Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and
fibers
○ Various methods of quantifying substrate
■ BOD, COD, VSS, TSS, ODM
■ Wet mass will be used
○ About 0.4 kg wet mass expected per
person per day
● Urine
○ High in nitrogen concentration
○ Accumulation of ammonia is an inhibitor
not modelled
○ Urine considered for volume addition to
digester
○ About 1 kg wet mass expected per person
per day
19. Metabolism of
Substrate
● Hydrolysis is the rate limiting step
○ The remaining steps are
relatively spontaneous
● Environmental conditions for
remaining steps are outside the
scope of this project
○ pH, Salinity, product inhibition
20. Biogas Production
● Product formation as a
function of influent mass
○ Often considered as total
output for set input, not
kinetically
● Kinetic biogas production
○ Total methane production
as a function of hydrolysis
rate constant has been
used when hydrolysis is
rate limiting
21. On-Site Temperatures
● EPA shared temperature data collected from Fairbanks, Alaska
● Temperatures range from -26°C (-15°F) to 22°C (72°F)
● Temperatures will need to be accounted for in design
● Psychrophilic bacteria need to be kept between -10°C to 20°C, ideally around
20°C
● Digester heat generation is negligible, external sources of heat required
22. Materials and Methods
● Bioreactor Design
● Reactor Heating
● Methane Production
● Solar Power Generation
23. Bioreactor Design and Modeling
● The general design for the bioreactor consists
of two anaerobic digesters and a composting
tank. All of which is surrounded by a layer of
insulation
● Additionally, within the anaerobic digesters a
pump will continually mix the waste
● AutoCAD was chosen to model the design for a
couple of reasons
○ AutoCAD is a modelling software used to
create precise 2D and 3D drawings and
models.
○ AutoCAD is easy to use and has multiple
benefits including decreasing errors, better
quality, and creating an ease of
understanding.
Governing Equations
Volume = Retention Time *
Input Rate
24. Heat Modeling Using COMSOL Multiphysics
● Sub-zero temperatures are very common in Alaska
● Heat modeling was done using COMSOL, used to
simulate multiple physics in a system
● Useful for changing variables to show a range of
scenarios
● A COMSOL model was used to simulate different
weather throughout the year and justify the use of
heaters to keep the reactor running at a psychrophilic
state
● COMSOL provided the ability to simulate the coldest
weather conditions in Alaska to show when the reactor
could stay above freezing temperatures and provide
operating months of the reactor
Heat Transfer Equations:
qo= h · (Text-T)
⍴Cpu ·⛛T+⛛· q = Q + Qted
25. Bioreactor Heating
● A cattle water heater was chosen to heat the
digesters
● Commonly used to heat large tanks of water
for cattle consumption during the winter
● Anaerobic digesters are comparable to cattle
water tanks due to their large water volumes
● Designed to heat the water automatically
when below a certain temperature, making
sure the reactor cannot freeze during
operation
● Will not melt the reactors because they are
designed for use in rubber, plastic, and steel
tanks
Figure 14 : Farm Innovators 1500W Tank Deicer
26. Bioreactor Insulation
● 6 inch insulation was chosen because of its
commercial availability
● A value of R19 means that every inch of
insulation thickness has an R-value of 3.2,
which matches the modeling values for the
insulation
Figure 15 : Owens Corning 6.25” Insulation
27. Methane Production Modeling Using
STELLA Architect
● STELLA was chosen for a couple of reasons
○ STELLA is a modelling software used for time
dependent processes.
○ STELLA is quickly adjustable for different
inputs(e.g. number of persons, waste
composition, temperatures)
● Modelling was focused mimicking results from prior
research performed with similar conditions.
Governing Equations
Hydrolysis Rate = kh*S
Biogas = (YP/S)*(1-EXP(-kh*t))*S
28. Determining the
Hydrolysis Constant
Governing Equation
● Chose oranges due do least change
with temperature and lack of high fiber
● Found
○ kh = EXP(-5430.1/T+16.598)
Figure 21:
Figure 22:
29. Solar Power Generation Calculations
● Monthly Solar Energy Output Formula
● E = A ⨉ r ⨉ H ⨉ PR
○ E = Energy [kWh]
○ A = Area [m2]
○ r = Solar Yield [%]
○ H = Monthly Solar Radiation [kWh/m2/month]
○ PR = Performance Ratio
● Calculations based on Dr. Krause solar radiation values for ten 140 W Output
Solar Panel
30. Waste Intake
● A Liberty submersible grinder pump was chosen to
reduce particle size to a maximum diameter of 2 inches
● Generally used to shred large particles into small
fragments so the waste can be pumped into a sewage
system
○ Cloth towels, wipes, unwanted solids, and any other
personal hygiene products
● 3,450 RPM blade will shred plastic bags full of waste
Figure 12: Liberty Grinder Pump
31.
32. Reactor Mixing
● A Dayton centrifugal pump was chosen to
allow for mixing inside the anaerobic digester
● Generally used to pump diverse ranges of head
and capacity while outputting an adequate
flow rate
○ Water, organic matter, oils, and sewage
● Centrifugal pump will allow for any settled
solids to be mixed properly
Figure 16: Dayton Centrifugal Pump
33. Energy Generation
● On-site data collected by Dr. Krause shows
reliable solar radiation values in Fairbanks,
Alaska
● Solar panels were chosen as the main source
of energy for the system
● Common uses of solar panels include
electricity, heating and cooling, charging, and
many more applications
● Solar panels allow for an economically
sustainable energy source in remote areas
Figure 17: Solartech Power 140W Solar Panel
34. Energy Storage
● Sealed lead acid 12V DC batteries were chosen
as electrical storage energy devices
○ Common uses include providing emergency
bursts of power to startup applications
● Lead acid batteries chosen over gel batteries
because of functionality in colder climates
○ Glass mat allows battery acid to be
contained
○ Creates minimal resistance to allow higher
capacity and discharge rates
● Minimal operating temperature of -15°C
Figure 18: Grainger Sealed Lead Acid Battery
35. Energy Conversion
● Inverter chosen to convert DC power into AC
electricity to run applications
○ Common uses include backup power in off-
grid locations
○ Sine wave allows for operation of pumps and
heaters
● Includes overtemperature protection, surge
protection, and four outlets
● 5,000 W continuous output power with 10,000 W
peak output power
● Minimal operating temperature of -15°C
Figure 19: Aims Power Inverter
36. Gas Bags
● Biogas storage bac uses PVC as the main
material making it easy to transport simple
setup and anti-stretch
● It is suitable in both cold and hot areas,
ranging from -20℃ to -60℃
○ Has more than a 10 year lifespan
● It is resistant to acid, alkali corrosion and
good resistance to wear
Figure 20: Biogas Bag
42. Bioreactor Heating
● Monthly outdoor temperatures gave us the
baseline for determining the months of operation
for our reactor
● For the reactor to be at a minimum of 0°C, the
outside temperature must be around 10°C, which
starts during May and ends during November
● Temperatures above this ensure that the
digesters can operate at a minimum time of six
months
● During months of operation, the reactor can be
kept at an optimum temperature of 20°C
Figure 28: Temperature Ranges for Bacteria
43. Bioreactor Heating
● The reactor will take a long time to heat
to a sustainable operating temperature
● Waste can be added as soon as the
reactor is thawed, around mid-April
● The reactor will slowly warm up during
the spring with help from the heaters
while the air heats them up from the
outside, and they will be able to sustain
an internal temperature of 20°C from
June through October
● After October, the solar power will not
be able to sustain the heaters, and the
reactor will start to freeze as
temperatures drop
44. Determining the Data
for Temperature
● Internal reactor highs and
lows were plotted, providing
an equation for temperature
change throughout the
operating months
● Allows temperature to be
run as a variable with
respect to time in STELLA
add legend for reactor temps Figure 20: Daily Reactor Internal Temperatures
53. Future Improvements
● Investigate bacteria to improve methane production
● Design better ways for bags from honey buckets to be disposed of
● Examine ways to lessen human interaction with unsanitary components of the
design
● Easier methods of methane collection and usage
54. Acknowledgements
We would like to acknowledge and thank Dr. Darnault, Dr. Krause,
Dr. Dodd, Dr. Drapcho, Jeannie Williamson, and the Biosystems
Engineering Department for their help in completing this project
for Senior Capstone Design.