The document summarizes a project to redesign the composting facility for the City of Columbia. The objectives are to evaluate incorporating food waste, redesign the site layout, and increase profitability. It provides background on the current facility and rationale for changes. A literature review covers composting processes and technologies. Methods include determining pile dimensions and a material mass balance. Results include the proposed material balance and site layout. The document acknowledges experts who provided information.
Site and operations redesign of composting facility for the city of columbiaRachelCron1
The document summarizes a proposed redesign of the City of Columbia's composting facility to incorporate food waste. Key points include:
- The selected technology is turned windrows, which allows a larger variety of feedstocks and high volumes while mimicking natural decomposition.
- Capacity calculations determined windrow dimensions of 16' wide by 200' long, with 77 piles needed for the 15,000 yd3 capacity.
- Stormwater modeling showed adding a retention pond reduced peak discharge by over 30% compared to no pond.
- The proposed 0.459-acre pond has a base area of 0.96 acres and would retain over 12 acre-feet of runoff from a 24-
Site and Operations Redesign of Composting Facility for City of ColumbiaMalloryWare
The document summarizes a project to redesign the site and operations of a composting facility in Columbia, SC to allow incorporation of food waste. The objectives are to evaluate technology to incorporate food waste, redesign the site layout based on the chosen technology, and propose a plan to reduce costs and gain funding. A literature review covers composting processes, facility types, technologies like windrows and in-vessel systems, and retention pond design for managing stormwater runoff.
The document summarizes a project to redesign the site and operations of a composting facility in Columbia, SC to allow incorporation of food waste. Key aspects include:
1) Selecting turned windrow composting and sizing 77 windrows to meet the 15,000 yd3 capacity.
2) Designing a 0.459 acre retention pond to reduce stormwater peak discharge from 75.45 cfs to 40.69 cfs.
3) The redesign results in 54% impervious surface and proposes grading to accommodate composting operations and stormwater management.
This project aims to design a waste management system to produce bioenergy for rural Alaskan communities through anaerobic digestion of human waste. The system will include a collective waste collection system, a bioreactor for digestion and biogas production, and storage and utilization of the methane biogas. AutoCAD and COMSOL Multiphysics will be used to model and simulate the design. Methane production will be modeled using STELLA software. Equipment like grinder pumps, mixing pumps, solar panels, and batteries will be incorporated into the system.
This project aims to design a waste management system for rural Alaskan communities to produce bioenergy through anaerobic digestion of human waste. The system will include a collective waste collection system, a bioreactor for digestion and biogas production, and storage and utilization of methane gas. Modeling will be done using AutoCAD, COMSOL, and STELLA to simulate the design and operating conditions. Components like insulated tanks, heaters, pumps, and solar panels will be incorporated. The goal is to improve living standards through a sustainable waste disposal and renewable energy source.
Engineering of Waste to Energy Generation in the Last Frontier: Bioenergy P...CarlyFitzMorris1
This project aims to design a waste management system for rural Alaskan communities to produce bioenergy through anaerobic digestion of human waste. The system would include a collective waste collection system, a bioreactor for digestion and biogas production maintained at psychrophilic temperatures through insulation and heating, and storage and utilization of methane biogas as a source of heat. Modeling of waste storage and digestion, heating requirements, and biogas and energy generation will be conducted to optimize design and operation of the system. The goal is to improve living conditions for isolated Alaskans through a sustainable renewable energy source.
Site and operations redesign of composting facility for the city of columbiaRachelCron1
The document summarizes a proposed redesign of the City of Columbia's composting facility to incorporate food waste. Key points include:
- The selected technology is turned windrows, which allows a larger variety of feedstocks and high volumes while mimicking natural decomposition.
- Capacity calculations determined windrow dimensions of 16' wide by 200' long, with 77 piles needed for the 15,000 yd3 capacity.
- Stormwater modeling showed adding a retention pond reduced peak discharge by over 30% compared to no pond.
- The proposed 0.459-acre pond has a base area of 0.96 acres and would retain over 12 acre-feet of runoff from a 24-
Site and Operations Redesign of Composting Facility for City of ColumbiaMalloryWare
The document summarizes a project to redesign the site and operations of a composting facility in Columbia, SC to allow incorporation of food waste. The objectives are to evaluate technology to incorporate food waste, redesign the site layout based on the chosen technology, and propose a plan to reduce costs and gain funding. A literature review covers composting processes, facility types, technologies like windrows and in-vessel systems, and retention pond design for managing stormwater runoff.
The document summarizes a project to redesign the site and operations of a composting facility in Columbia, SC to allow incorporation of food waste. Key aspects include:
1) Selecting turned windrow composting and sizing 77 windrows to meet the 15,000 yd3 capacity.
2) Designing a 0.459 acre retention pond to reduce stormwater peak discharge from 75.45 cfs to 40.69 cfs.
3) The redesign results in 54% impervious surface and proposes grading to accommodate composting operations and stormwater management.
This project aims to design a waste management system to produce bioenergy for rural Alaskan communities through anaerobic digestion of human waste. The system will include a collective waste collection system, a bioreactor for digestion and biogas production, and storage and utilization of the methane biogas. AutoCAD and COMSOL Multiphysics will be used to model and simulate the design. Methane production will be modeled using STELLA software. Equipment like grinder pumps, mixing pumps, solar panels, and batteries will be incorporated into the system.
This project aims to design a waste management system for rural Alaskan communities to produce bioenergy through anaerobic digestion of human waste. The system will include a collective waste collection system, a bioreactor for digestion and biogas production, and storage and utilization of methane gas. Modeling will be done using AutoCAD, COMSOL, and STELLA to simulate the design and operating conditions. Components like insulated tanks, heaters, pumps, and solar panels will be incorporated. The goal is to improve living standards through a sustainable waste disposal and renewable energy source.
Engineering of Waste to Energy Generation in the Last Frontier: Bioenergy P...CarlyFitzMorris1
This project aims to design a waste management system for rural Alaskan communities to produce bioenergy through anaerobic digestion of human waste. The system would include a collective waste collection system, a bioreactor for digestion and biogas production maintained at psychrophilic temperatures through insulation and heating, and storage and utilization of methane biogas as a source of heat. Modeling of waste storage and digestion, heating requirements, and biogas and energy generation will be conducted to optimize design and operation of the system. The goal is to improve living conditions for isolated Alaskans through a sustainable renewable energy source.
South Carolina Botanical Garden Detention Pond Implementation and Prairie Res...Jacobsimmons007
The document outlines the design of a detention pond and prairie restoration project at the South Carolina Botanical Garden. It provides background on the site and issues with excessive stormwater runoff overwhelming existing drainage systems. The objectives are to construct a detention pond to reduce runoff and restore a former pesticide testing field to native prairie. Methods included modeling watershed hydrology, designing the pond dimensions and outlet structure, and developing a prairie restoration plan. Results showed the detention pond would significantly reduce peak runoff flows and volumes compared to pre-development conditions.
Capstone Senior Design Final PresentationNatalieDell2
The document outlines a project to design and implement a detention pond and prairie restoration at the South Carolina Botanical Garden. It provides background on the site and issues with excessive stormwater runoff overwhelming existing drainage systems. The objectives are to design a detention pond to reduce runoff and restore a former pesticide testing field to native prairie. Methods included modeling watershed hydrology, designing the pond dimensions and outlet structure, and developing a prairie restoration plan. Results included soil analyses, delineating the watershed area, pre- and post-development hydrographs showing reduced peak runoff with the pond, and pond design specifications.
South Carolina Botanical Garden Detention Pond Implementation and Prairie Res...colbycofield
The document outlines a project to address stormwater issues and restore native plant habitats at the South Carolina Botanical Garden. It discusses constructing a detention pond to reduce flooding from excessive rainfall runoff. It also describes converting a former pesticide testing field into a native prairie to improve biodiversity, aesthetics and visitation. Literature on stormwater management techniques, pond design, and prairie restoration is reviewed to inform the project approaches and methods using tools like ArcGIS and HEC-1 to model hydrology and design the detention pond.
This document discusses zero-acreage farming solutions for food desert communities. It recognizes problems with conventional farming like land and water usage and environmental damage. The goals of the project are to select cost-efficient crops, optimize growing conditions, and implement an energy-efficient irrigation system within an indoor containment structure. The document considers an A-frame design for a zero-acreage farm in Union City, GA, a classified food desert. It selects kale, spinach, and romaine lettuce as crops based on their water and nutrient needs. The design aims to maximize space utilization and yield over 15 plants/m2 compared to conventional farming.
This document discusses zero-acreage farming solutions for food desert communities. It recognizes problems with conventional farming like extensive land and water usage and environmental damage. The goals of the project are to select cost-efficient crops, optimize growing conditions, and implement an energy-efficient irrigation system within an indoor containment structure. The design proposes a vertical A-frame system for a food desert in Union City, GA. Spinach, kale, romaine lettuce, and leafy greens are selected. The system is estimated to yield over 15 plants per square meter, significantly more than conventional horizontal farming.
Algal Harvesting in the Partitioned Aquaculture SystemKatey Norvell
My team and I oriented our goals of this project around the idea of implementing a system for optimal carbon sequestration. The main design goal was to make usable the existing Partitioned Aquaculture System (PAS) present on Clemson University's campus through utilization as a way to sequester atmospheric carbon by use of algae
This document provides an overview of a project that aims to actively compress landfill waste by achieving maximum compression using activated sludge. It begins with an introduction and overview section describing the various aspects of the project. It then reviews the relevant literature on landfill design and operation, activated sludge processes, and landfill gas recovery. The methodology, soil profile, gas collection system, and observations are also discussed. The conclusion summarizes that the landfill has been designed according to environmental regulations to safely treat waste and protect the environment.
Final presentation for utilization of biosludgePatrick Cusack
This document outlines a student capstone project to utilize biosolids from Clemson University's wastewater treatment plant. It provides background on biosolids and their potential uses for land application and gasification. The objectives are to design a viable pathway for biosolids use and select the optimal approach. Literature on the relevant regulations, processes, and constraints for land application and gasification is reviewed to inform the project tasks of evaluating and selecting the best utilization method.
This document outlines a student capstone project to develop viable pathways for utilizing biosolids from Clemson University's wastewater treatment plant. It provides background on biosolids and their potential uses, including land application and gasification. The objectives are to review relevant regulations, sample biosolids from CU to determine pathogen levels, and design land application and gasification processes. Literature on the carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles is reviewed, as well as regulations for land application and types of gasification.
This document summarizes a circular economy wastewater treatment pilot project in Athens, Greece. The project treats wastewater on site for reuse in irrigation and transforms treatment residuals into compost. Key components including a sewer mining unit, pumping station, storage tank, and composting bioreactor have been constructed. Initial tests with clean water were successful. Next steps include connecting the subsystems, testing performance, and installing additional components like a sludge thickening system and heat recovery unit to further close resource loops. The pilot aims to demonstrate viable on-site water reuse and recycling in urban environments.
This document discusses zero-acreage farming as a solution for food desert communities. It begins by recognizing problems with conventional farming like large water and land usage which can cause environmental damage. Food deserts where many people lack access to supermarkets are also identified as a problem. The definition of problems is expanded to include statistics on water usage, land usage, and environmental impacts of conventional farming. Goals of the project include selecting efficient crops and optimizing growing conditions while conserving resources. Considerations around safety, ethics and ecology are discussed. The document outlines questions from various stakeholders and governing equations. It then provides details on potential zero-acreage design methods, irrigation methods like nutrient film technique, lighting options, and growing media.
Final presentation for utilization of biosludgeJohn Walker
The Clemson University wastewater treatment plant (CU WWTP) currently produces over 800 tons of biosolids each year. Unfortunately, these carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, and phosphorus dense materials are discarded in the Anderson County landfill, increasing carbon and nitrogen emissions as greenhouse gases and decreasing the amount of phosphorus content in the environment. In order to increase the sustainability of Clemson University, two alternative disposal methods are explored in this report: land application for soil fertilization on Simpson Research Farm and gasification for energy production. For both processes, the pathogen concentration of the biosolids would have to be reduced using a solar dryer heater. In order to land apply biosolids on Simpson Research Farm, a large cylindrical storage tank of radius = 10 ft and height = 13 ft would need to be constructed at the CU WWTP in order to store the solids between applications. Using a Terragator, a maximum of 1,031 tons of 90% dry biosolids could be land applied to Simpson Research Farm each year. This amount of biosolids is much larger than the amount of biosolids produced at the CU WWTP. In the gasification process, the biosolids undergo drying, pyrolysis, combustion, cracking, and reduction before becoming hydrogen gas, carbon monoxide, biochar, ash, and a variety of impurities including tars, sulfur and nitrogen compounds, hydrogen halides, and trace metals. To process all 951 tons of biosolids projected to be produced in 2019, the gasifier would need to complete 1,079 cycles or about 3 cycles per day. Roughly 31,675 kWh of energy would be produced from the gasification process. Between the two options explored, land application of biosolids is much more feasible. Until further research regarding the effects of contaminants within biosolids (microplastics, PFAS, pharmaceuticals, etc.) on the environment is conducted, Clemson University should not land apply their biosolids.
Final Presentation for Utilization of BiosolidsParkerRaymond
My senior design group and I investigate the potential uses of biosolids coming from the Clemson University wastewater treatment plant in soil fertilization and energy production instead of landfilling.
Final Presentation for the Utilization of BiosludgeDevon Beesley
The document outlines approaches for utilizing biosolids from Clemson University's wastewater treatment plant through land application and gasification. It reviews relevant literature on biosolids regulations, land application permitting requirements, pathogen reduction methods, and gasification processes and feedstocks. Methods proposed include testing biosolids for pathogen levels, selecting agricultural land parcels using EPA and state criteria, applying biosolids using a terragator, and pelletizing biosolids and wood chips for gasification and energy production.
Utilization of Biosolids: Soil Fertilization & Energy ProductionPatrick Cusack
The document outlines a literature review and methodology for a project investigating the utilization of biosolids from Clemson University's wastewater treatment plant. It discusses permitting requirements, regulations, and processes for land applying biosolids for soil fertilization and gasifying biosolids for energy production. The methods proposed include testing biosolid pathogen levels, selecting land application sites, designing a solar dryer and gasification system, and performing an economic analysis of the alternatives.
BIOENERGY PRODUCTION UTILIZING WASTEWATER IN REMOTE LOW-TEMPERATURE ALASKAAlexanderKasko
This document outlines a project to design a waste management system in remote Alaska to produce bioenergy through anaerobic digestion of human waste. The system would utilize wastewater from rural Alaskan communities lacking modern plumbing. The objectives are to design a collective waste storage system, anaerobic digester bioreactor, and process for storing, transporting and utilizing the methane biogas produced. The approach involves reviewing literature on wastewater collection and digestion systems, modeling methane production and reactor heating needs, and assessing solar power options for energy generation.
The document discusses a proposed constructed wetland system to remediate high levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and turbidity in Eighteen Mile Creek near Lake Hartwell. The goals are to reduce total nitrogen and phosphorus through phytoremediation and microbial interactions to meet state standards. Historical water quality and flow rate data were analyzed to understand the problem. A hybrid constructed wetland system is proposed, combining horizontal and vertical flow beds to achieve high nutrient removal. Key components include media, piping, pumps, and plant species. Maintaining the system is estimated to require 1 hour per week. The total installation cost is estimated to be $3,117,611.72.
1) The document discusses a preliminary design for a rainwater harvesting system for agricultural fields in Mauritius using an inverted roof system.
2) Key elements of the design include a 20m^2 galvanized iron roof that collects rainwater, UPVC gutters and pipes to convey the water, and a fiberglass storage tank located above ground.
3) The system aims to provide a sustainable source of irrigation water and advantages include low costs, simple construction, and flexibility to meet different needs. Challenges include dependence on rainfall amounts and costs of larger storage capacities.
South Carolina Botanical Garden Detention Pond Implementation and Prairie Res...Jacobsimmons007
The document outlines the design of a detention pond and prairie restoration project at the South Carolina Botanical Garden. It provides background on the site and issues with excessive stormwater runoff overwhelming existing drainage systems. The objectives are to construct a detention pond to reduce runoff and restore a former pesticide testing field to native prairie. Methods included modeling watershed hydrology, designing the pond dimensions and outlet structure, and developing a prairie restoration plan. Results showed the detention pond would significantly reduce peak runoff flows and volumes compared to pre-development conditions.
Capstone Senior Design Final PresentationNatalieDell2
The document outlines a project to design and implement a detention pond and prairie restoration at the South Carolina Botanical Garden. It provides background on the site and issues with excessive stormwater runoff overwhelming existing drainage systems. The objectives are to design a detention pond to reduce runoff and restore a former pesticide testing field to native prairie. Methods included modeling watershed hydrology, designing the pond dimensions and outlet structure, and developing a prairie restoration plan. Results included soil analyses, delineating the watershed area, pre- and post-development hydrographs showing reduced peak runoff with the pond, and pond design specifications.
South Carolina Botanical Garden Detention Pond Implementation and Prairie Res...colbycofield
The document outlines a project to address stormwater issues and restore native plant habitats at the South Carolina Botanical Garden. It discusses constructing a detention pond to reduce flooding from excessive rainfall runoff. It also describes converting a former pesticide testing field into a native prairie to improve biodiversity, aesthetics and visitation. Literature on stormwater management techniques, pond design, and prairie restoration is reviewed to inform the project approaches and methods using tools like ArcGIS and HEC-1 to model hydrology and design the detention pond.
This document discusses zero-acreage farming solutions for food desert communities. It recognizes problems with conventional farming like land and water usage and environmental damage. The goals of the project are to select cost-efficient crops, optimize growing conditions, and implement an energy-efficient irrigation system within an indoor containment structure. The document considers an A-frame design for a zero-acreage farm in Union City, GA, a classified food desert. It selects kale, spinach, and romaine lettuce as crops based on their water and nutrient needs. The design aims to maximize space utilization and yield over 15 plants/m2 compared to conventional farming.
This document discusses zero-acreage farming solutions for food desert communities. It recognizes problems with conventional farming like extensive land and water usage and environmental damage. The goals of the project are to select cost-efficient crops, optimize growing conditions, and implement an energy-efficient irrigation system within an indoor containment structure. The design proposes a vertical A-frame system for a food desert in Union City, GA. Spinach, kale, romaine lettuce, and leafy greens are selected. The system is estimated to yield over 15 plants per square meter, significantly more than conventional horizontal farming.
Algal Harvesting in the Partitioned Aquaculture SystemKatey Norvell
My team and I oriented our goals of this project around the idea of implementing a system for optimal carbon sequestration. The main design goal was to make usable the existing Partitioned Aquaculture System (PAS) present on Clemson University's campus through utilization as a way to sequester atmospheric carbon by use of algae
This document provides an overview of a project that aims to actively compress landfill waste by achieving maximum compression using activated sludge. It begins with an introduction and overview section describing the various aspects of the project. It then reviews the relevant literature on landfill design and operation, activated sludge processes, and landfill gas recovery. The methodology, soil profile, gas collection system, and observations are also discussed. The conclusion summarizes that the landfill has been designed according to environmental regulations to safely treat waste and protect the environment.
Final presentation for utilization of biosludgePatrick Cusack
This document outlines a student capstone project to utilize biosolids from Clemson University's wastewater treatment plant. It provides background on biosolids and their potential uses for land application and gasification. The objectives are to design a viable pathway for biosolids use and select the optimal approach. Literature on the relevant regulations, processes, and constraints for land application and gasification is reviewed to inform the project tasks of evaluating and selecting the best utilization method.
This document outlines a student capstone project to develop viable pathways for utilizing biosolids from Clemson University's wastewater treatment plant. It provides background on biosolids and their potential uses, including land application and gasification. The objectives are to review relevant regulations, sample biosolids from CU to determine pathogen levels, and design land application and gasification processes. Literature on the carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles is reviewed, as well as regulations for land application and types of gasification.
This document summarizes a circular economy wastewater treatment pilot project in Athens, Greece. The project treats wastewater on site for reuse in irrigation and transforms treatment residuals into compost. Key components including a sewer mining unit, pumping station, storage tank, and composting bioreactor have been constructed. Initial tests with clean water were successful. Next steps include connecting the subsystems, testing performance, and installing additional components like a sludge thickening system and heat recovery unit to further close resource loops. The pilot aims to demonstrate viable on-site water reuse and recycling in urban environments.
This document discusses zero-acreage farming as a solution for food desert communities. It begins by recognizing problems with conventional farming like large water and land usage which can cause environmental damage. Food deserts where many people lack access to supermarkets are also identified as a problem. The definition of problems is expanded to include statistics on water usage, land usage, and environmental impacts of conventional farming. Goals of the project include selecting efficient crops and optimizing growing conditions while conserving resources. Considerations around safety, ethics and ecology are discussed. The document outlines questions from various stakeholders and governing equations. It then provides details on potential zero-acreage design methods, irrigation methods like nutrient film technique, lighting options, and growing media.
Final presentation for utilization of biosludgeJohn Walker
The Clemson University wastewater treatment plant (CU WWTP) currently produces over 800 tons of biosolids each year. Unfortunately, these carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, and phosphorus dense materials are discarded in the Anderson County landfill, increasing carbon and nitrogen emissions as greenhouse gases and decreasing the amount of phosphorus content in the environment. In order to increase the sustainability of Clemson University, two alternative disposal methods are explored in this report: land application for soil fertilization on Simpson Research Farm and gasification for energy production. For both processes, the pathogen concentration of the biosolids would have to be reduced using a solar dryer heater. In order to land apply biosolids on Simpson Research Farm, a large cylindrical storage tank of radius = 10 ft and height = 13 ft would need to be constructed at the CU WWTP in order to store the solids between applications. Using a Terragator, a maximum of 1,031 tons of 90% dry biosolids could be land applied to Simpson Research Farm each year. This amount of biosolids is much larger than the amount of biosolids produced at the CU WWTP. In the gasification process, the biosolids undergo drying, pyrolysis, combustion, cracking, and reduction before becoming hydrogen gas, carbon monoxide, biochar, ash, and a variety of impurities including tars, sulfur and nitrogen compounds, hydrogen halides, and trace metals. To process all 951 tons of biosolids projected to be produced in 2019, the gasifier would need to complete 1,079 cycles or about 3 cycles per day. Roughly 31,675 kWh of energy would be produced from the gasification process. Between the two options explored, land application of biosolids is much more feasible. Until further research regarding the effects of contaminants within biosolids (microplastics, PFAS, pharmaceuticals, etc.) on the environment is conducted, Clemson University should not land apply their biosolids.
Final Presentation for Utilization of BiosolidsParkerRaymond
My senior design group and I investigate the potential uses of biosolids coming from the Clemson University wastewater treatment plant in soil fertilization and energy production instead of landfilling.
Final Presentation for the Utilization of BiosludgeDevon Beesley
The document outlines approaches for utilizing biosolids from Clemson University's wastewater treatment plant through land application and gasification. It reviews relevant literature on biosolids regulations, land application permitting requirements, pathogen reduction methods, and gasification processes and feedstocks. Methods proposed include testing biosolids for pathogen levels, selecting agricultural land parcels using EPA and state criteria, applying biosolids using a terragator, and pelletizing biosolids and wood chips for gasification and energy production.
Utilization of Biosolids: Soil Fertilization & Energy ProductionPatrick Cusack
The document outlines a literature review and methodology for a project investigating the utilization of biosolids from Clemson University's wastewater treatment plant. It discusses permitting requirements, regulations, and processes for land applying biosolids for soil fertilization and gasifying biosolids for energy production. The methods proposed include testing biosolid pathogen levels, selecting land application sites, designing a solar dryer and gasification system, and performing an economic analysis of the alternatives.
BIOENERGY PRODUCTION UTILIZING WASTEWATER IN REMOTE LOW-TEMPERATURE ALASKAAlexanderKasko
This document outlines a project to design a waste management system in remote Alaska to produce bioenergy through anaerobic digestion of human waste. The system would utilize wastewater from rural Alaskan communities lacking modern plumbing. The objectives are to design a collective waste storage system, anaerobic digester bioreactor, and process for storing, transporting and utilizing the methane biogas produced. The approach involves reviewing literature on wastewater collection and digestion systems, modeling methane production and reactor heating needs, and assessing solar power options for energy generation.
The document discusses a proposed constructed wetland system to remediate high levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and turbidity in Eighteen Mile Creek near Lake Hartwell. The goals are to reduce total nitrogen and phosphorus through phytoremediation and microbial interactions to meet state standards. Historical water quality and flow rate data were analyzed to understand the problem. A hybrid constructed wetland system is proposed, combining horizontal and vertical flow beds to achieve high nutrient removal. Key components include media, piping, pumps, and plant species. Maintaining the system is estimated to require 1 hour per week. The total installation cost is estimated to be $3,117,611.72.
1) The document discusses a preliminary design for a rainwater harvesting system for agricultural fields in Mauritius using an inverted roof system.
2) Key elements of the design include a 20m^2 galvanized iron roof that collects rainwater, UPVC gutters and pipes to convey the water, and a fiberglass storage tank located above ground.
3) The system aims to provide a sustainable source of irrigation water and advantages include low costs, simple construction, and flexibility to meet different needs. Challenges include dependence on rainfall amounts and costs of larger storage capacities.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
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The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
Midterm presentation
1. Site and Operations Redesign of Composting
Facility for City of Columbia
Rachel Cron, Shelby Green, Carrington Moore, Alena Senf, & Mallory Ware
Clemson University, Clemson, SC
October 24th, 2019
2. Overview
● Introduction
○ Background
○ Rationale
○ Objectives
○ Approaches
● Literature Review
● Materials and Methods
● Results
● Take Home Messages
● Acknowledgments
4. Background: Site Description
Previously was a landfill
90 acre property
● Compost facility → 32-acres
● Human Society → 8-acres
● Jurisdictional Streams → 50 acres
● FEMA Flood Zone → 42.4% of 50
acres
Figure 1. Project Site located at 110 Humane Society Lane, Columbia, SC
7. Background: Current Facility Operations
● Annual capacity
○ 15,000 cubic yards of material
● Hands-off composting technique
○ Takes over 1 year to complete
● Yard clippings and woody material
○ Considered “non-organic”
● Only 1 full time employee
● Low, to no profit from sales
Figure 7. Yard trimmings being collected for compost
facility https://www.columbiasc.net/solid-waste/yard-trimmings
8. Rationale
● 40 million tons of food sent to landfills in 2015
● Food waste not included in currently operation
● Composting food waste would reduce landfill waste by 30%
● City’s carbon footprint lowered
● Local connections provide consistent food waste
● Compost quality improved
● Secure a profitable market for finished compost
9. Objectives
The main objective of this project is to redesign a compost facility for the City of
Columbia. The specific objectives are to:
1. Evaluate alternative methodologies for incorporating food waste into the facility’s current
compost operations
1. Redesign the site layout and modify operational procedures based on chosen methodology
1. Increase the facility’s profitability
10. Task 1: To modify site operations by
➢ Converting the facility to include
food waste
➢ Evaluating the methodologies of
covered/open static aerated
windrows, covered/open turned
windrows, or in-vessel reactors
➢ Selecting the best methodology
➢ Determining maintenance procedures
for compost methodology
➢ Selecting necessary equipment for
compost methodology
➢ Securing a waste hauling service
➢ Quantifying compost capacity
➢ Specifying mixing procedures for
feedstocks.
Task 2: To redesign the site layout
by determining
➢ Entrance and exit locations
➢ Product, contaminant, equipment,
and waste storage areas
➢ Operations building
➢ Operating pathways
➢ Grading for runoff management
with minimal excavation
➢ Stormwater design including a
retention pond
➢ Windrow spacing and dimensions
➢ Any additional site requirements
necessary for permitting.
Task 3: To form local
partnerships in order to
maintain consistent
feedstock sources and
optimize marketability of
final compost product. The
facility will need to have an
estimate on annual organic
compost production as well
as operating costs and
maintenance expenses.
Approaches
15. Composting Processes
Phases of Microbial Growth:
● Mesophilic
○ Microorganisms initially breakdown feedstock
○ Moderate temperature between 20-40 deg. C
○ Breakdown causes temperature to rise into thermophilic range
● Thermophilic
○ Breakdown of more complex compounds
○ Lasts from 30-over 100 days depending on process
○ Pile gets up too and stays above 55 deg. C
■ Pathogens killed
● Cooling
○ Mesophilic bacteria dominate
○ Develop maturation of product
○ Typically lasts around a week
16. Facility Type
● Type 1
○ Yard trimmings and landscaping debris
○ Compostable bags
● Type 2
○ Animal manure
○ Food waste (no meat)
■ Can take cooked meat from plate scrapings
● Type 3
○ Sludges
○ Fats, oils, and grease
○ Other organic residuals
17. Composting Technologies: Turned Pile/
Windrows
● Collect compost into long piles
called windrows
● Regularly turn the pile in order
to promote decay
Figure 10:
https://i.pinimg.com/originals/6b/a6/66/6ba666e0b1f332edc1c014f9996fecf3.jp
g
18. Composting Technologies: Active Aeration
○ Pile is placed on pad with small holes
■ Air can be forced through by a
blower
■ Air can be pulled through by
suction based on negative pressure
created beneath the pad
○ Both ways of aeration can be combined
for more effective homogenization
Figure 11:
http://compost.css.cornell.edu/MSWFactSheets/msw.fs2.html
19. Composting Technologies: In-vessel
○ Uses some form of enclosure (called
drums)
■ Enclosed aerated static piles
■ Agitated vessels
○ Generally improved moisture control,
temperature control, and odor control
Figure 12:
https://www.ecoponics.com.sg/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/In-vessel-
Composter.jpg
20. Retention Pond Design
● Purposes
○ Manage stormwater and erosion of sediment from site
○ Avoid nutrient overload in nearby waterways
○ Preserve local infrastructure
● Primary components
○ Inlet/forebay → Diversion of water from site to pond
○ Basin → Flow control, partial temporary storage, partial
treatment storage
■ Littoral shelf → Encourage plant life to anchor
bank of pond
○ Emergency spillway → Preparation for large storms
○ Outlet → Properly deliver water away from pond
Figure 9:
21. Charleston County Case Study
● Fast turnaround
○ Finished compost in 45 days
● Municipal or commercial trucks deliver
waste
● Waste processed through grinders
● Deposited into one of 70 windrows
● Space between rows for loader and
water trucks
○ Moisture and temperature closely monitored
● Trommel removes large pieces
● Generates 60,000 tons of compost per year (primarily composed of yard
waste)
Figure 12: Provided by the City of Columbia
22. Greenville County Case Study
● Designed to have annual capacity of 12,000
tons of compost
● Partnered with Atlas Organics
○ Food waste collection service
○ Compost production service
○ Compost quality testing through third party
● Residential waste material accepted
● Organic farming approved
● Primarily food waste/woody biomass
○ No biosolids or manure
● 45-day process
1) Forced aeration
2) Windrow
3) Screening
Figure 13: Provided by the City of Columbia
25. Pile Dimensions
● Capacity: 15000 yd3
○ Breaks into 49 total piles
● Total acreage of composting portion is 10 acres
● 20 ft spacing between each pile
Figure 14:
26. Material Mass Balance of the Composting
Process
Where…
● BVS = biodegradable volatile solids (kg/day)
● Xs = wet weight (%)
● Vs = organic content (%)
● Ks = degradability (%)
● Ss = substrate amount (kg/day)
● NBVS = nonbiodegradable volatile solids
(kg/day)
● WAT = water component
● ASH = ash component
● WATSO = water component of product solids
(kg/day)
● WATP = water product during composting
(kg/day)
Figure 15:
27. Material Mass Balance of the Composting
Process
Where...
● NBVS = nonbiodegradable volatile solids (kg/day)
● WAT = water component
● ASH = ash component
● PS = product solids (kg/day)
Figure 16:
28. Material Mass Balance of the Composting
Process
Where...
● DGASO = dry gas out
● DAIRI = dry air in
Figure 17:
33. We would like to thank...
Deb Sahoo, Senior Engineer/Subject Matter
Expert/Task Leader at Woolpert
Holly Elmore, Founder & CEO, Elemental Impact
Chantal Fryer, Senior Manager, Recycling Market
Development at Department of Commerce
David Paul, Co-founder, CIO at CompostNow Inc.
Kim Charrick, Sustainable Management of Food
including Food Recovery Challenge for Hospitality
Sector at US EPA
Mary Pat Baldauf, Sustainability Facilitator; City of
Columbia, SC
Jim Lanier, President/CEO at Earth Farms Organics
Douglas Oflaherty, VP of SC Restaurant and Lodging
Association
Britt Faucette, Director of Research and Technical
Services
Wesley Harrison, Senior Engineer for City of Columbia
Samantha Yager, Solid Waste Assistant
Superintendent at City of Columbia
Will Sagar, Southeast Recycling and Development
Council
Brenda Platt, Director of Composting for Community at
Institute for Local Self-Reliance
Nora Goldstein, Editor at BioCycle
Richard Chesley, Manager at S.C. Department of
Make Background less bold and the title brighter. Also, make names larger
No three dots
“Take home messages” instead of results and discussion
Shelby
https://msc.fema.gov/portal/search
The Federal Emergency Management Agency is responsible for coordinating the federal government's response to natural and manmade disasters.
More legible titles
Add labels to photos
Shelby
Mallory
Take time to explain
Make Task 3 bolded and bulleted Make a slide for each task! Make a similar flowchart as slide 12, carry over to each task slide.
Don’t read verbatim
Take time to explain
Use a flow chart and highlight each one
VENN DIAGRAM TO SHOW THE DIFFERENT DISCIPLINES TO ACHIEVE
OVERALL STEPS DIAGRAM OF THE PROJECT
Mallory
Mallory
Maybe an image? Or some graphic?
Mallory
Mallory
Mallory
Rachel
Better figure → or make it bigger or something bc can’t see it
Talk how its about quality and quantity (Flow and contaminant removal)
Add equations for this too! TR-55 rational
MAYBE TRY TO DRAW A BETTER PHOTO ON AUTOCAD OF CHARLRESTON SITE
Charleston County has become the largest compost producer in the state and one of the largest on the East Coast
Rachel
Atlas Organics offers service to both public and private sectors for food waste collection in various areas of SC, NC, and TN.
Atlas sends compost samples to a third party lab for quality testing.
These designs are…
Faster
Generate profit
Create a high quality product
Involves private and public services
Tell which type we chose!
Make cells longer to fit the slide better
Add figures from book
*include concrete dimensions when we have them
SAY WHAT THESE VARIABLES MEAN: WATVO and WATVI
SAY WHAT THESE VARIABLES MEAN
SAY WHAT THESE VARIABLES MEAN
MAKE THIS AGAIN BUT WITH THE VARIABLES/EQUATIONS IN THEM
Also edit this diagram to make box smaller and text bigger/more legible