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Cancer vaccines
- 3. CANCER VACCINE DEFINITION • Are medicine that belong to a class of substance known as biological response modifier . • Biological response modifiers work by stimulating or restoring the immune system ability to fight infection & diseases .
- 4. / THERAPEUTIC VACCINE Use for treating existing cancer by strengthening the body natural defences against the cancer. PROPHYLACTIC VACCINE Prevent cancer from developing in healthy people.
- 5. TUMOR VACCINE DENDRITIC CELL VACCINE ANTIGEN VACCINE ANTI-IDIOTYPE VACCINE DNA VACCINE VACCINE TYPES
- 6. A tumor antigen vaccine is a vaccine made of cancer cells, parts of cancer cells, or modified tumor antigen. This vaccine is circulating tumor antigen vaccine . TUMOR CELL VACCINE
- 7. Protocol of circulating tumor antigen vaccine TAKE SAMPLE OF WHOLE BLOOD IDENTIFICATION OF TUMOR CELL BY C-DNA LIBRARY OR BY SERX METHOD CONFIRMATION AND ENRICHMENT OF TUMOR CELL
- 8. TUMOR ANTIGEN CELL+ CYTOKIN+GM- CSF+INTERLEUKIN2+OTH ER STIMULANT GM-CSFACT AS IMMUNE STIMULANT INJECTED INTO HEALTHY PATIENT OR PATIENT
- 9. ACTIVE IMMUNE SYSTEM B-CELL + T-CELL ACTIVATION SO DESTRUCTION OF TUMOR AND PREVENT IT FROM OCCURING IN FUTURE
- 10. DC can activate Almost all Immune cells
- 11. There ability to migrate through tissue and act on tumors There capacity to activate naïve T cells Antigen Presenting cell
- 12. Buffy Coat Incubate for 4-6 Hrs Adherent cells Incubate for 48 Hrs Wash with PBS thrice Incubate for 6 Days Isolation of DC and preparation of vaccine from Monocytes
- 14. Dendritic Cells Autologous Safe Minimal Toxicity Target Specific Salubrious
- 15. ANTIGEN VACCINE Antigen based vaccine do not involve the inseration of modified tumor cell. Isolation of specific antigenic gene or a peptide sequence which directly use as a vaccine for benign
- 16. ISOLATION OF ANTIGENIC PEPTIDE CONFIRMATION OF ANTIGENIC PEPTIDE BY PHAGE DISPLAY TECHNIQUE
- 17. INJECTED INTO HEALTHY PERSON PRIMARY ANTIBODY ISOLATED INJECTED INTO IN INFECTED PATIENT SECONDARY ANTIBODY FORMATION
- 18. DNA VACCINE This vaccine are still in experimental stage. Like r vaccines, genes for the desired antigens are located and cloned.
- 19. NORMAL CELL CANCER CELL
- 20. DNA FROM THE PATIENT CANCER CELLS IS TRANSFERED INTO NORMAL CELLS FROM UNRELATED HEALTHY INDIVIDUAL.
- 21. Antigenic gene Expression plasmid Plasmid with foreign gene Recombinant DNA Technology
- 22. Bacterial cell Transform into bacterial cell Plasmid DNA
- 24. Plasmid DNA Purified Ready to use
- 26. NORMAL CELLS FROM UNRELATED HEALTHY INDIVIDUAL.
- 27. FOREIGN CELLS EXPRESSING CANCER ANTIGENS ARE TAKEN UP BY PATIENT DC CELL
- 28. DC INCORPORATE DNA FROM THE FOREIGN CELLS EXPRESSING CANCER ANTIGEN . THEY ACTIVATE KILLER T-CELL IN THE PATIENT.
- 29. ACTIVATED T-CELL SEEK OUT CANCER CELL IN THE PATIENT & DESTROY THEM
- 30. NORMAL PATIENT CELL REMAIN INTACT
- 31. ANTI- IDIOTYPE VACCINE The vaccine in which an antibody that binds to the antigen –combining site of another antibody either suppresing or enchancing the immune response
- 32. Iidiotype are present in varible region of antibody. Antibody from cancer patient isolated because as person immune system is weakened not able to produce higher concenteration of antibody. As person is suffering from cancer definitely its immune system activated against tumor antigen. Antibody bind to tumor associated antigen (TAA) in humans and mice.
- 33. Protocol for preparation of anti- idiotype vaccine ISOLATION OF PRIMARY ANTIBODY FROM CANCER PATIENT CONFIRMATION & PURIFICATION OF ANTIBODY BY VARIOUS METHOD
- 34. INJECTED INTO MICE TO INCREASE ANTIBODY CONCENTERATION ENRICHMENT OF ANTIBODY OCCUR IN MICE ISOLATION & PURIFICATION OF ANTIBODY FROM MICE
- 35. ANTIBODY INJECTED INTO CANCER PATIENT AGAIN TO INCREASE IMMUNE RESPONSE CANCER CURED
- 36. Vaccination strategy Advantages Disadvantages Whole tumor cells - Complete Ag pool of an individual tumor (including Ags that have not been identified yet) - Activation of a polyclonal and more effective immune response - The immune system rather than the vaccinologist selects the most immunogenic tumor-specific Ags - Must be made individually for each patient - Lack of co-stimulatory molecules on solid tumor cells - Immune response difficult to monitor - Induction of auto-immunity in presence of adjuvant Dendritic cells (DCs) - Presentation of the vaccine Ags to other cell types of the immune system - Expression of high levels of HLA complexes and co-stimulatory molecules - Stimulation of both naive and memory T cells - Must be made individually for each patient - Generation of DCs technically challenging - Money- and time-consuming treatment DNA - Easy and cheap to produce and purify - Require no special handling or storage conditions - Elicitation of both CD8+ and CD4+ immune responses as well as humoral responses - DNA integration into the cell genome potentially promoting malignancy - Less effective than peptide vaccines at inducing the CD8+ T cell response Peptides - Easy to manufacture - Strong CD8+ T cell response - Known sequence and biochemistry - Allow specific monitoring of the patient’s immune response - Immune response limited to one or few epitopes - HLA-restriction - Degradation in absence of adjuvant Anti-idiotypic antibodies - Unrestricted HLA population - Allow effective vaccination against non-protein Ags and poorly immunogenic Ags - Elicit both humoral and cellular immune response - Human anti-mouse antibody response Vaccination strategies – Advantages vs disadvantages
- 37. CURRENT RESEARCH IN CANCER VACCINE GOING ON............ CANCER VACCINE DELIVERY BY USING TINY OXYGEN ELECTRODE ADVANCEMENTS IN TREATMENT USING LASER AND MANY MORE....... SUCCESSFULL VACCINE ARE THERE FOR CERVICAL AND BREAST CANCER.
- 39. REFERENCES www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Pubmed Kuby immunology by kinda, Osborne,Goldsby. DIFFERENT REVIEW ARTICLES.
- 40. THANK YOU