This webinar hosted by Scintica Instrumentation will discuss the benefits of ultrasound imaging in cancer research. Ms. Tonya Coulthard will be the presenter of this webinar, she will touch on several topics throughout the presentation as they pertain to cancer biology and preclinical imaging. First off a brief overview of the different types of tumor models, followed by a look at the differences between optical and ultrasound imaging in cancer research, and finally a brief thought on image guided injections for placement of tumor cells in various models.
During the last half of the webinar Tonya will walk participants through some of the recent publications using high frequency ultrasound imaging to monitor tumor growth, study therapeutic effect on progression, as well as some publications using a variety of contrast agents. The work will highlight researchers using the Prospect T1 system manufactured by S-Sharp.
Ultrasound imaging is a non-invasive imaging technique using sound waves to produce images of a variety of internal structures, including tumors. Ultrasound is used clinically, as well as preclinically to detect and assess tumor location and size, as well as therapeutic response. Many tumor models use mice and/or rats, necessitating high frequency ultrasound with image resolution down to 30µm.
Topics discussed in this webinar will include:
Different types of tumor models
Ultrasound vs. optical imaging in cancer research
Image guided injections of cancer cells
Publication overview
Adaptive K-Means Clustering Algorithm for MR Breast Image Segmentation
3D Brain Tumor Segmentation Scheme using K-mean Clustering and Connected Component Labeling Algorithms
Volume Identification and Estimation of MRI Brain Tumor
MRI Breast cancer diagnosis hybrid approach using adaptive Ant-based segmentation and Multilayer Perceptron NN classifier
The main objective of this paper is to recognize and predict handwritten digits from 0 to 9 where data set of 5000 examples of MNIST was given as input. As we know as every person has different style of writing digits humans can recognize easily but for computers it is comparatively a difficult task so here we have used neural network approach where in the machine will learn on itself by gaining experiences and the accuracy will increase based upon the experience it gains. The dataset was trained using feed forward neural network algorithm. The overall system accuracy obtained was 95.7% Jyoti Shinde | Chaitali Rajput | Prof. Mrunal Shidore | Prof. Milind Rane"Handwritten Digit Recognition" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-2 , February 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd8384.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/8384/handwritten-digit-recognition/jyoti-shinde
Its a comparison of performance of MPPT controllers in case of solar PV array under same working conditions. The MPPT controllers used are Artificial Neural Network and P&O based.
A linear accelerator uses high-frequency electromagnetic waves to accelerate charged particles like electrons in a linear path inside an accelerator waveguide. It can be used to treat both superficial and deep-seated tumors by either using the high-energy electron beam directly or by directing it at a target to produce x-rays. The first medical linear accelerators were installed in the early 1950s and since then the technology has advanced through multiple generations with improved waveguides, bending magnets, dose rates and computer control.
The document discusses solar energy and wind power. It states that solar energy is an ultimate source of energy from millions of years and is renewable. Just a small fraction of the sun's energy absorbed by Earth is enough to meet power needs. Wind power harnesses the kinetic energy of wind to generate electricity using wind turbines. Modern wind turbines can generate electricity 70-85% of the time and produce maximum power at wind speeds around 15 meters/second.
This document describes teleisotope machines used in teletherapy. Teleisotope machines use radioactive isotopes to treat tumors by positioning the tumor at the axis of rotation of the treatment unit. The machines are designed to rotate about a fixed axis located 80-100cm from the radioactive source. Isocentric teleisotope machines position the tumor at the center of rotation to deliver radiation from different angles while keeping the tumor at the center. This technique can be done using stationary beams with a fixed source-axis distance or through rotational therapy where the beam rotates continuously around the tumor.
Adaptive K-Means Clustering Algorithm for MR Breast Image Segmentation
3D Brain Tumor Segmentation Scheme using K-mean Clustering and Connected Component Labeling Algorithms
Volume Identification and Estimation of MRI Brain Tumor
MRI Breast cancer diagnosis hybrid approach using adaptive Ant-based segmentation and Multilayer Perceptron NN classifier
The main objective of this paper is to recognize and predict handwritten digits from 0 to 9 where data set of 5000 examples of MNIST was given as input. As we know as every person has different style of writing digits humans can recognize easily but for computers it is comparatively a difficult task so here we have used neural network approach where in the machine will learn on itself by gaining experiences and the accuracy will increase based upon the experience it gains. The dataset was trained using feed forward neural network algorithm. The overall system accuracy obtained was 95.7% Jyoti Shinde | Chaitali Rajput | Prof. Mrunal Shidore | Prof. Milind Rane"Handwritten Digit Recognition" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-2 , February 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd8384.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/8384/handwritten-digit-recognition/jyoti-shinde
Its a comparison of performance of MPPT controllers in case of solar PV array under same working conditions. The MPPT controllers used are Artificial Neural Network and P&O based.
A linear accelerator uses high-frequency electromagnetic waves to accelerate charged particles like electrons in a linear path inside an accelerator waveguide. It can be used to treat both superficial and deep-seated tumors by either using the high-energy electron beam directly or by directing it at a target to produce x-rays. The first medical linear accelerators were installed in the early 1950s and since then the technology has advanced through multiple generations with improved waveguides, bending magnets, dose rates and computer control.
The document discusses solar energy and wind power. It states that solar energy is an ultimate source of energy from millions of years and is renewable. Just a small fraction of the sun's energy absorbed by Earth is enough to meet power needs. Wind power harnesses the kinetic energy of wind to generate electricity using wind turbines. Modern wind turbines can generate electricity 70-85% of the time and produce maximum power at wind speeds around 15 meters/second.
This document describes teleisotope machines used in teletherapy. Teleisotope machines use radioactive isotopes to treat tumors by positioning the tumor at the axis of rotation of the treatment unit. The machines are designed to rotate about a fixed axis located 80-100cm from the radioactive source. Isocentric teleisotope machines position the tumor at the center of rotation to deliver radiation from different angles while keeping the tumor at the center. This technique can be done using stationary beams with a fixed source-axis distance or through rotational therapy where the beam rotates continuously around the tumor.
(December 2, 2021) The Bench to Bedside Series: Preclinical Cancer Research w...Scintica Instrumentation
Overview:
The goal of this webinar will be to provide a high-level overview of the various stages of preclinical cancer research and discuss the role that innovative instrumentation can play in moving science forward.
To better understand how to treat and control cancer, researchers start by investigating the basics – the cells, molecules, and genes that make up the human body. This type of study, which is often referred to as basic or discovery research, aims to understand the underlying mechanisms contributing to cancer growth and spread. This knowledge is an essential starting point for developing future diagnostic tests and treatment strategies.
After finding an innovative idea that works in cells, researchers need to take their studies to the next level by employing animal models that have similar biology to humans. Animal models have helped scientists make some of the most important cancer discoveries over the years. Furthermore, preclinical imaging technologies allow researchers to perform longitudinal animal studies that are noninvasive leaving the underlying biology intact so that one can track changes throughout the entire disease process.
It was previously thought that the journey from bench to bedside was unidirectional, starting with discovery research and moving towards clinical trials. However, in the last decade, it has become crucial for basic scientists and clinicians to work together towards finding innovative solutions that will positively impact patient care.
After attending this webinar, we hope you will have a better understanding of the preclinical workflow needed to push an idea from bench to bedside as well as some of the key equipment that is needed along the way.
This webinar series will be hosted by Drs. Katie Parkins and Tyler Lalonde, both of which have extensive experience in translational research areas including oncology, neuroscience, molecular imaging, and drug development.
In this webinar we will discuss the following topics:
• Introduction To Cancer Research
• What does “Bench to Bedside” mean?
• In vitro characterization
• Rapid throughput screening
• Quantitative tools
• Moving towards translation
Medical uses of ionizing radiation include radiotherapy, medical imaging like CT scans and X-rays, and nuclear medicine. Radiotherapy uses radiation to treat cancer and can involve external beam techniques like 3D conformal radiation therapy (3D CRT), intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), stereotactic radiosurgery, and brachytherapy. Emerging techniques like proton beam therapy further improve radiation targeting and dose distribution. Precise imaging guidance and computer planning help deliver high radiation doses safely and effectively to tumors while avoiding nearby healthy tissues.
3D isocenters quality assurance in radiation treatment room using a motion c...WonjoongCheon
The document describes a new automatic 3D isocenter quality assurance system for proton therapy machines using a motion capture camera system and Eagle phantom. The Eagle phantom allows independent determination of the mechanical, radiation, and imaging isocenters in the treatment room coordinate system. Comparisons to commercial products showed similar accuracy, with differences of 0.316 mm and 0.368 mm. The advantage is this new system can perform quality assurance of multiple isocenters using a single phantom.
The document discusses a study evaluating the oncologic results and toxicity of MUPIT (Martinez Universal Perineal Template) implants for primary vaginal carcinoma. Ten patients with primary vaginal carcinoma underwent external beam radiotherapy followed by MUPIT brachytherapy. All patients completed treatment without complications and achieved a clinical complete response with no local or regional recurrences observed after a median follow-up of 55 months. However, there were some grade 2-4 toxicities observed, suggesting careful planning is needed to minimize toxicity when using the MUPIT procedure.
Wireless power transmission involves transferring electrical energy from a power source to devices without wires. There are two main techniques: near-field uses induction or resonance within short distances, while far-field like microwave or laser transmission requires line-of-sight but can transmit over longer distances. Wireless power has advantages of no wires or maintenance but challenges of tuning and safety. Applications include wireless charging of devices and electric vehicles, as well as potential large-scale power from solar satellites.
Copy-Rotate-Move Forgery Detection Based on Spatial DomainSondosFadl
we propose a method which is efficient and fast for detecting Copy-Move regions even when the copied region was undergone rotation modify in spatial domain.
Image registration and data fusion techniques.pptx latest saveM'dee Phechudi
Medical imaging is the fundamental tool in conformal radiation therapy. Almost every aspect of patient management involves some form of two or three dimensional image data acquired using one or more modality.
Image data are now used for diagnosis and staging, for treatment planning and delivery and for monitoring patients after therapy.
Top 10 maintenance interview questions and answersMaroon555
This document provides a list of useful materials for maintenance job interviews, including common interview questions, tips for answering questions, and sample follow-up emails. It includes links to resources on situational, behavioral, phone, and technical interview questions as well as case studies, scenarios, and examples of career goals. The document aims to prepare job applicants for maintenance positions by providing guidance on different types of interview questions and formats.
Gamma knife radiosurgery is a non-invasive form of stereotactic radiosurgery used to treat various brain disorders. It relies on 3D imaging and focused gamma ray beams to precisely target lesions with minimal damage to surrounding tissue. Common applications include brain metastases, pituitary tumors, AV malformations, trigeminal neuralgia, and epilepsy. It provides an alternative to open surgery, with advantages of reduced risks, shorter recovery time, and expanded treatment options for inoperable cases. While effective, it requires specialized equipment and has some risks of side effects like nausea and headaches.
Total body irradiation (TBI) delivers a uniform dose of radiation to the entire body and is used as a conditioning regimen prior to bone marrow transplantation. It aims to suppress the immune system and eliminate cancer. Commissioning TBI requires absolute dose calibration and measurement of beam profiles, percentage depth doses, and tissue-maximum ratios under extended source-to-surface distances. Dosimetric challenges include non-uniformity of dose across the body and unreliable dose measurements from detectors under TBI conditions. AAPM Report 17 provides recommendations for TBI dosimetry including using a water phantom and measuring central axis data under full scattering conditions.
Computer Vision: Shape from Specularities and MotionDamian T. Gordon
The document discusses using specularities and motion to extract surface shape from images. Specifically, it discusses using:
1) Structured highlights from a spherical array of light sources to determine surface orientation of specular surfaces from the detected highlights.
2) Photometric stereo with multiple light source positions to determine surface orientation of both diffuse and specular surfaces.
3) Stereo techniques using highlights detected from multiple camera views to reconstruct the 3D shape of specular surfaces.
1) The document presents a paper on using wireless energy transmission via laser for solar energy applications.
2) It proposes using a large solar tower in geostationary orbit to directly pump solar lasers and transmit the concentrated laser beam to ground-based receiving power stations for conversion to electricity.
3) This smart power system could increase the efficiency of power plants to 35-40% by combining laser transmission with solar panels, addressing transmission losses and utilizing more of the solar spectrum.
CyberKnife: Radiosurgery System Introductionduttaradio
Radiation source is mounted on a precisely controlled industrial robot.
- Image guidance system(continuous tracking system)
- Eliminates the need of gating techniques and restrictive head frames
This document provides an introduction to medical image processing. It discusses various medical imaging modalities like X-ray, CT, MRI, ultrasound, PET, and angiography. It then describes the basic steps in a medical image processing system: acquisition, preprocessing, segmentation, detection, analysis, and diagnosis. Preprocessing techniques like filtering and denoising are discussed. The document concludes by mentioning some applications of medical image processing like compression, retrieval, and tumor detection.
wireless power transmission via solar power satelliteAkanksha Gupta
Wireless power transmission via solar power satellites is proposed as a solution to increasing global energy demands. A solar power satellite would collect solar energy via large solar panels in geostationary orbit and transmit the energy to receivers on Earth via microwave beams. It has advantages over ground-based solar like constant energy availability but challenges include high costs and risks of construction in space. Further development and government support is needed for solar power satellites to become a viable large-scale energy solution.
This document defines a linear accelerator and describes its components and generations. It begins by defining a linear accelerator as a machine that uses electromagnetic waves to accelerate charged particles like electrons to high energies. It then describes the three generations of linear accelerators from early bulky models to current compact highly reliable designs with improved treatment capabilities. The document concludes by describing the major components of a linear accelerator including the modulator cabinet, console, drive stand, klystron, waveguide and others.
This document provides an overview of night vision technology. It discusses the two main types: 1) thermal imaging, which detects infrared light emitted as heat from objects, and 2) image intensification, which amplifies available light. Several generations of night vision devices are described, from early Generation 0 systems requiring infrared illumination, to modern Generations 2-3 that use microchannel plates and gallium arsenide to improve light sensitivity and gain. Common night vision applications include military, law enforcement, hunting and security. The document provides details on how different night vision components like image intensifier tubes work to capture light and amplify images for low-light viewing.
The first thing you probably think of when you see the words night vision is a spy or action movie you've seen, in which someone straps on a pair of night-vision goggles to find someone else in a dark building on a moonless night. And you may have wondered "Do those things really work? Can you actually see in the dark?"
This document discusses multiparametric MRI and its use in guiding prostate biopsies. It provides information on anatomic, diffusion-weighted, and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and how they help visualize prostate tumors with high sensitivity and specificity. It then describes different approaches to targeted prostate biopsies using MRI information, including cognitive fusion, software-based fusion, and in-bore fusion biopsies. It discusses limitations and advantages of each method and concludes that while targeted biopsies improve cancer detection, mapping biopsies supplemented with targeted biopsies remain the standard for identifying clinically significant tumors.
seminar on new technologies of cell and molecular biologyBiswajit Deka
This document discusses new technologies in cell and molecular biology. It provides an overview of molecular biology and its history. Current applications include understanding disease pathophysiology, diagnosis, transplantation, gene therapy, and drug design. Molecular imaging techniques like PET, SPECT, MRI, ultrasound, and optical imaging allow non-invasive characterization of key biomolecules and events in vivo. These techniques can be used for diagnostic, therapeutic, and surgical applications by targeting specific molecules with molecular probes. Advances in targeted contrast agents are improving detection and visualization of diseases at the molecular level.
(December 2, 2021) The Bench to Bedside Series: Preclinical Cancer Research w...Scintica Instrumentation
Overview:
The goal of this webinar will be to provide a high-level overview of the various stages of preclinical cancer research and discuss the role that innovative instrumentation can play in moving science forward.
To better understand how to treat and control cancer, researchers start by investigating the basics – the cells, molecules, and genes that make up the human body. This type of study, which is often referred to as basic or discovery research, aims to understand the underlying mechanisms contributing to cancer growth and spread. This knowledge is an essential starting point for developing future diagnostic tests and treatment strategies.
After finding an innovative idea that works in cells, researchers need to take their studies to the next level by employing animal models that have similar biology to humans. Animal models have helped scientists make some of the most important cancer discoveries over the years. Furthermore, preclinical imaging technologies allow researchers to perform longitudinal animal studies that are noninvasive leaving the underlying biology intact so that one can track changes throughout the entire disease process.
It was previously thought that the journey from bench to bedside was unidirectional, starting with discovery research and moving towards clinical trials. However, in the last decade, it has become crucial for basic scientists and clinicians to work together towards finding innovative solutions that will positively impact patient care.
After attending this webinar, we hope you will have a better understanding of the preclinical workflow needed to push an idea from bench to bedside as well as some of the key equipment that is needed along the way.
This webinar series will be hosted by Drs. Katie Parkins and Tyler Lalonde, both of which have extensive experience in translational research areas including oncology, neuroscience, molecular imaging, and drug development.
In this webinar we will discuss the following topics:
• Introduction To Cancer Research
• What does “Bench to Bedside” mean?
• In vitro characterization
• Rapid throughput screening
• Quantitative tools
• Moving towards translation
Medical uses of ionizing radiation include radiotherapy, medical imaging like CT scans and X-rays, and nuclear medicine. Radiotherapy uses radiation to treat cancer and can involve external beam techniques like 3D conformal radiation therapy (3D CRT), intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), stereotactic radiosurgery, and brachytherapy. Emerging techniques like proton beam therapy further improve radiation targeting and dose distribution. Precise imaging guidance and computer planning help deliver high radiation doses safely and effectively to tumors while avoiding nearby healthy tissues.
3D isocenters quality assurance in radiation treatment room using a motion c...WonjoongCheon
The document describes a new automatic 3D isocenter quality assurance system for proton therapy machines using a motion capture camera system and Eagle phantom. The Eagle phantom allows independent determination of the mechanical, radiation, and imaging isocenters in the treatment room coordinate system. Comparisons to commercial products showed similar accuracy, with differences of 0.316 mm and 0.368 mm. The advantage is this new system can perform quality assurance of multiple isocenters using a single phantom.
The document discusses a study evaluating the oncologic results and toxicity of MUPIT (Martinez Universal Perineal Template) implants for primary vaginal carcinoma. Ten patients with primary vaginal carcinoma underwent external beam radiotherapy followed by MUPIT brachytherapy. All patients completed treatment without complications and achieved a clinical complete response with no local or regional recurrences observed after a median follow-up of 55 months. However, there were some grade 2-4 toxicities observed, suggesting careful planning is needed to minimize toxicity when using the MUPIT procedure.
Wireless power transmission involves transferring electrical energy from a power source to devices without wires. There are two main techniques: near-field uses induction or resonance within short distances, while far-field like microwave or laser transmission requires line-of-sight but can transmit over longer distances. Wireless power has advantages of no wires or maintenance but challenges of tuning and safety. Applications include wireless charging of devices and electric vehicles, as well as potential large-scale power from solar satellites.
Copy-Rotate-Move Forgery Detection Based on Spatial DomainSondosFadl
we propose a method which is efficient and fast for detecting Copy-Move regions even when the copied region was undergone rotation modify in spatial domain.
Image registration and data fusion techniques.pptx latest saveM'dee Phechudi
Medical imaging is the fundamental tool in conformal radiation therapy. Almost every aspect of patient management involves some form of two or three dimensional image data acquired using one or more modality.
Image data are now used for diagnosis and staging, for treatment planning and delivery and for monitoring patients after therapy.
Top 10 maintenance interview questions and answersMaroon555
This document provides a list of useful materials for maintenance job interviews, including common interview questions, tips for answering questions, and sample follow-up emails. It includes links to resources on situational, behavioral, phone, and technical interview questions as well as case studies, scenarios, and examples of career goals. The document aims to prepare job applicants for maintenance positions by providing guidance on different types of interview questions and formats.
Gamma knife radiosurgery is a non-invasive form of stereotactic radiosurgery used to treat various brain disorders. It relies on 3D imaging and focused gamma ray beams to precisely target lesions with minimal damage to surrounding tissue. Common applications include brain metastases, pituitary tumors, AV malformations, trigeminal neuralgia, and epilepsy. It provides an alternative to open surgery, with advantages of reduced risks, shorter recovery time, and expanded treatment options for inoperable cases. While effective, it requires specialized equipment and has some risks of side effects like nausea and headaches.
Total body irradiation (TBI) delivers a uniform dose of radiation to the entire body and is used as a conditioning regimen prior to bone marrow transplantation. It aims to suppress the immune system and eliminate cancer. Commissioning TBI requires absolute dose calibration and measurement of beam profiles, percentage depth doses, and tissue-maximum ratios under extended source-to-surface distances. Dosimetric challenges include non-uniformity of dose across the body and unreliable dose measurements from detectors under TBI conditions. AAPM Report 17 provides recommendations for TBI dosimetry including using a water phantom and measuring central axis data under full scattering conditions.
Computer Vision: Shape from Specularities and MotionDamian T. Gordon
The document discusses using specularities and motion to extract surface shape from images. Specifically, it discusses using:
1) Structured highlights from a spherical array of light sources to determine surface orientation of specular surfaces from the detected highlights.
2) Photometric stereo with multiple light source positions to determine surface orientation of both diffuse and specular surfaces.
3) Stereo techniques using highlights detected from multiple camera views to reconstruct the 3D shape of specular surfaces.
1) The document presents a paper on using wireless energy transmission via laser for solar energy applications.
2) It proposes using a large solar tower in geostationary orbit to directly pump solar lasers and transmit the concentrated laser beam to ground-based receiving power stations for conversion to electricity.
3) This smart power system could increase the efficiency of power plants to 35-40% by combining laser transmission with solar panels, addressing transmission losses and utilizing more of the solar spectrum.
CyberKnife: Radiosurgery System Introductionduttaradio
Radiation source is mounted on a precisely controlled industrial robot.
- Image guidance system(continuous tracking system)
- Eliminates the need of gating techniques and restrictive head frames
This document provides an introduction to medical image processing. It discusses various medical imaging modalities like X-ray, CT, MRI, ultrasound, PET, and angiography. It then describes the basic steps in a medical image processing system: acquisition, preprocessing, segmentation, detection, analysis, and diagnosis. Preprocessing techniques like filtering and denoising are discussed. The document concludes by mentioning some applications of medical image processing like compression, retrieval, and tumor detection.
wireless power transmission via solar power satelliteAkanksha Gupta
Wireless power transmission via solar power satellites is proposed as a solution to increasing global energy demands. A solar power satellite would collect solar energy via large solar panels in geostationary orbit and transmit the energy to receivers on Earth via microwave beams. It has advantages over ground-based solar like constant energy availability but challenges include high costs and risks of construction in space. Further development and government support is needed for solar power satellites to become a viable large-scale energy solution.
This document defines a linear accelerator and describes its components and generations. It begins by defining a linear accelerator as a machine that uses electromagnetic waves to accelerate charged particles like electrons to high energies. It then describes the three generations of linear accelerators from early bulky models to current compact highly reliable designs with improved treatment capabilities. The document concludes by describing the major components of a linear accelerator including the modulator cabinet, console, drive stand, klystron, waveguide and others.
This document provides an overview of night vision technology. It discusses the two main types: 1) thermal imaging, which detects infrared light emitted as heat from objects, and 2) image intensification, which amplifies available light. Several generations of night vision devices are described, from early Generation 0 systems requiring infrared illumination, to modern Generations 2-3 that use microchannel plates and gallium arsenide to improve light sensitivity and gain. Common night vision applications include military, law enforcement, hunting and security. The document provides details on how different night vision components like image intensifier tubes work to capture light and amplify images for low-light viewing.
The first thing you probably think of when you see the words night vision is a spy or action movie you've seen, in which someone straps on a pair of night-vision goggles to find someone else in a dark building on a moonless night. And you may have wondered "Do those things really work? Can you actually see in the dark?"
This document discusses multiparametric MRI and its use in guiding prostate biopsies. It provides information on anatomic, diffusion-weighted, and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and how they help visualize prostate tumors with high sensitivity and specificity. It then describes different approaches to targeted prostate biopsies using MRI information, including cognitive fusion, software-based fusion, and in-bore fusion biopsies. It discusses limitations and advantages of each method and concludes that while targeted biopsies improve cancer detection, mapping biopsies supplemented with targeted biopsies remain the standard for identifying clinically significant tumors.
seminar on new technologies of cell and molecular biologyBiswajit Deka
This document discusses new technologies in cell and molecular biology. It provides an overview of molecular biology and its history. Current applications include understanding disease pathophysiology, diagnosis, transplantation, gene therapy, and drug design. Molecular imaging techniques like PET, SPECT, MRI, ultrasound, and optical imaging allow non-invasive characterization of key biomolecules and events in vivo. These techniques can be used for diagnostic, therapeutic, and surgical applications by targeting specific molecules with molecular probes. Advances in targeted contrast agents are improving detection and visualization of diseases at the molecular level.
Cervical Cancer [ Incidence, Prevalence, Research Study, Introduction About R...DR .PALLAVI PATHANIA
Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide and occurs in the cervix of the uterus. Every year in India, over 122,000 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer and nearly 67,000 die from the disease. The main cause is human papillomavirus (HPV). Diagnosis is carried out through procedures like Pap smear tests and treatments include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgery, and immunotherapy. Prevention focuses on HPV vaccination, screening, and healthy lifestyle habits.
This document discusses various methods for cancer diagnosis, including radiological, cytological, histological, and molecular diagnosis. Radiological methods like X-ray, ultrasound, CT, and MRI can help detect cancers non-invasively. Cytological diagnosis involves examining cells through methods like fine needle aspiration. Histological diagnosis requires tissue sampling through biopsy or surgery to examine cells under a microscope. Molecular diagnosis analyzes genetic changes involved in cancer. Tumor markers found in blood and tissues can also provide clues about certain cancer types.
The document provides information on brain tumors including definition, types, incidence, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. It notes that brain tumors are abnormal cell growth within the brain and discusses primary and secondary tumors. Diagnosis involves medical history, exams, imaging like CT/MRI, and biopsy. Treatment may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and stereotactic radiosurgery. Rehabilitation is also important for regaining abilities affected by the tumor.
I apologize, upon further reflection my previous response was inappropriate. Let me try to provide a more thoughtful answer:
The key factors here are the patient's age, smoking history, presentation of a new painful lytic lesion in the femur. Given her risk factors for primary or secondary bone malignancy, the most appropriate first step would be to obtain a biopsy of the lesion to determine if it is metastatic cancer, primary bone tumor, or something else. Once the diagnosis is established, treatment can be tailored accordingly and discussed with the patient based on her goals of care, functional status, support system and other relevant factors. A multidisciplinary approach involving oncology, orthopedic surgery, radiation oncology, palliative care would likely be most
Imaging techniques such as CT, MRI, PET, ultrasound, mammography and conventional radiology are used for cancer screening, detection, diagnosis, staging and monitoring treatment response. Biopsies involving fine needle aspiration, endoscopy or surgical removal of tissue samples allow histopathological examination of cells and tissue. Molecular testing techniques like immunohistochemistry, cytogenetics and tumor marker detection provide additional information on cancer prognosis and personalized treatment approaches. Together these diagnostic methods provide information on tumor location, size, spread and characteristics to inform cancer management.
Malignant tumor their diagnosis, treatment, risk factors, grading, staging, treatments.
Brief information about all type of surgeries for the treatment of malignant tumor. useful for medical student for the subject - general surgery.
Localization of non palpable breast tumor for surgeryGowtham Krishnan
Photoacoustic imaging combines the high optical contrast of photoacoustics with the high resolution of ultrasound. This study aims to evaluate photoacoustic imaging as a method for localizing non-palpable breast tumors during surgery. The study will compare photoacoustic imaging to the current gold standard of wire-guided localization to analyze positive margin rates, re-excision rates, and tumor resection volumes. A sample size of 120 patients is estimated to provide sufficient power to detect differences between the groups. Outcomes will help assess photoacoustic imaging's ability to improve surgeon confidence and reduce logistical burdens compared to standard techniques.
(March 13, 2024) Overview of Preclinical Small Animal and Multimodal ImagingScintica Instrumentation
In this webinar, we reviewed some of the most commonly used preclinical imaging modalities, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), computer tomography (CT), ultrasound, photoacoustic, bioluminescence, fluorescence, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA/DXA), and intravital microscopy. For each modality, we spent time reviewing the basics of how each worked, the strengths and considerations of each, and some key application areas and example images. Finally, we discussed the benefits of multimodal imaging and reviewed a few papers utilizing a variety of imaging modalities to help support their research outcomes.
We ended with a very brief introduction to Scintica Instrumentation and our philosophy behind the various products we represented. However, the main focus of the webinar was on education, and not our diverse product portfolio.
There are several methods used to diagnose cancer, including radiological, cytological, histological, and molecular methods. Radiological exams like CT scans and MRIs can detect cancers non-invasively, while biopsies provide tissue samples for pathological examination under a microscope. Newer diagnostic tools analyze tumor markers in blood and cells as well as genetic changes at the molecular level to characterize cancers and detect them earlier. Making an accurate cancer diagnosis often requires integrating multiple diagnostic techniques and a second opinion from an oncologist or pathologist.
Breast cancer is a leading cause of mortality in women. Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) is an advanced 3D breast imaging technique that produces thin slices of breast tissue, reducing tissue overlapping and improving detection of cancers compared to conventional mammography. DBT acquires low-dose X-ray projections over an arc and uses reconstruction algorithms to create slices. This improves visualization of breast lesions and architecture. Potential benefits include increased cancer detection rates, fewer false positives, better evaluation of lesion margins, and reduced patient discomfort versus mammography. However, further research is needed and costs are higher than mammography. Overall, DBT provides improved breast imaging capabilities for screening and diagnosis.
This document discusses methods for diagnosing cancer. Cancer is initially suspected based on symptoms and screening tests and is then confirmed through diagnostic tests. The main diagnostic methods discussed are radiological tests like x-rays and CT scans, cytological tests like fine needle aspiration cytology, histological tests like biopsies, frozen section analysis, hematological tests, immunohistochemistry, molecular diagnosis, and tumor markers. These methods provide information about the presence, type, and stage of cancer. Obtaining an accurate diagnosis often requires using multiple diagnostic methods and getting a second opinion from an expert.
There are several methods used to diagnose cancer including radiological, cytological, histological, and molecular diagnoses. Radiological exams like x-rays, CT scans, MRIs are non-invasive methods to detect cancers early. Cytological diagnosis involves examining cells through fine needle aspiration of tumors. Histological diagnosis requires biopsying tissue via various methods to examine under a microscope. Molecular diagnosis and tumor markers in blood can also help detect cancers and minimal residual disease. Making an accurate cancer diagnosis often requires using multiple diagnostic methods and sometimes getting a second opinion.
RADIOLOGY and US Imaging for Protozoal Diseases.pptxIbrahimAboAlasaad
To understand the basic principles of imaging techniques used in medical parasitology, including X-ray imaging, CT scanning, MRI, ultrasound, endoscopy, and radionuclide imaging.
To identify the common imaging findings in protozoal diseases, such as malaria, leishmaniasis, amoebiasis, trypanosomiasis, toxoplasmosis, cryptosporidiosis, giardiasis, pneumocystis pneumonia, and babesiosis.
This study evaluated the infiltration of high grade brain tumors using high order diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Seven patients with glioblastoma underwent MRI with a standard protocol and high order DTI with 20 and 60 diffusion directions. Biopsies of the tumor and adjacent normal-appearing white matter were taken and analyzed histopathologically. Generalized anisotropy (GA) and generalized variance (GV) measured by DTI at the biopsy sites were significantly correlated with the tumor infiltration percentage on histology, suggesting high order DTI may help delineate tumor margins. Further validation with more patients is needed.
1. The document discusses the principles of oncology, including the biological nature of cancer, major causative factors, methods of prevention and treatment.
2. Cancer management requires a multidisciplinary approach including surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, palliative care and screening. Treatment goals depend on cancer stage and include cure, prolonging survival, or palliation.
3. The hallmarks of cancer include autonomy, resistance to apoptosis, limitless replicative potential, and evading immune destruction. Both genetic and environmental factors can cause cancer through various mechanisms.
diagnosis of cancer, bioluminescent detection, diagnosis of cancer, haplotype mapping, imaging gene expression in vivo, types of cancer diagnosis method, ultrasound imaging
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...Scintica Instrumentation
Targeting Hsp90 and its pathogen Orthologs with Tethered Inhibitors as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategy for cancer and infectious diseases with Dr. Timothy Haystead.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
This presentation highlights the applications and capabilities of the M-Series™ compact MRI systems. Anatomical, functional, and molecular imaging can be performed on the M-Series and are often applied in cancer, cardiac, neuroscience, and multimodal imaging studies. It showcases example data from a variety of papers and training sessions in which the focus is on anatomy, neurobiology, and oncology. The presentation shows data from contrast agents which further enhances the capabilities of the M-Series, providing invaluable insights into tissue/tumor perfusion, myocardial infarction size, and molecular targets.
Ultrasound color Doppler imaging has been routinely used for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases, enabling real-time flow visualization through the Doppler effect. Yet, its inability to provide true flow velocity vectors due to its one-dimensional detection limits its efficacy. To overcome this limitation, various VFI schemes, including multi-angle beams, speckle tracking, and transverse oscillation, have been explored, with some already available commercially. However, many of these methods still rely on autocorrelation, which poses inherent issues such as underestimation, aliasing, and the need for large ensemble sizes. Conversely, speckle-tracking-based VFI enables lateral velocity estimation but suffers from significantly lower accuracy compared to axial velocity measurements.
To address these challenges, we have presented a speckle-tracking-based VFI approach utilizing multi-angle ultrafast plane wave imaging. Our approach involves estimating axial velocity components projected onto individual steered plane waves, which are then combined to derive the velocity vector. Additionally, we've introduced a VFI visualization technique with high spatial and temporal resolutions capable of tracking flow particle trajectories.
Simulation and flow phantom experiments demonstrate that the proposed VFI method outperforms both speckle-tracking-based VFI and autocorrelation VFI counterparts by at least a factor of three. Furthermore, in vivo measurements on carotid arteries using the Prodigy ultrasound scanner demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach compared to existing methods, providing a more robust imaging tool for hemodynamic studies.
Learning objectives:
- Understand fundamental limitations of color Doppler imaging.
- Understand principles behind advanced vector flow imaging techniques.
- Familiarize with the ultrasound speckle tracking technique and its implications in flow imaging.
- Explore experiments conducted using multi-angle plane wave ultrafast imaging, specifically utilizing the pulse-sequence mode on a 128-channel ultrasound research platform.
Accelerating the Delivery of New Treatments for Children with Neuroblastoma 2...Scintica Instrumentation
Neuroblastoma is a tumour arising from anomalies in the development of the sympathic nervous system and still accounts for 13% of all cancer-related death in children due to resistant, relapsing and metastatic diseases. There is an urgent need for the development of new treatment against high-risk relapsed neuroblastoma.
Overview:
Here we will discuss the ICR Paediatric Mouse Hospital approach which integrates more advanced mouse modelling, such as the use of genetically-engineered mouse (GEM) models and patient-derived xenografts to accelerate the discovery and evaluation of novel therapeutic strategies and help shape the clinical trial pipeline priorities for children with high-risk relapsing/refractory neuroblastoma.
We will also highlight the pivotal role of MRI within the Mouse Hospital which includes:
Enhancing and accelerating preclinical trials
Quantitatively inform on tumour phenotype and tumour response to treatment to:
Develop in vivo models that emulate the clinical treatment resistant phenotype using chemotherapy-dose escalation protocol
Characterize tumour spatial heterogeneity and evolution over treatment and guide the pathological and molecular characterization of the resistant phenotype
Finally we will also discuss how the compact, cryogen-free and user-friendly Aspect Imaging M-Series has transformed our way of working within the mouse hospital by providing a shared and easily accessible resource for tumour screening (with minimal onboarding) .
(March 14, 2024) Webinar: Validation of DEXA for Longitudinal Quantification ...Scintica Instrumentation
Noninvasive imaging is central to preclinical, in vivo models of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). While bioluminescent imaging (BLI) is a gold standard, its signal is dependent on the metabolic activity of tumor cells. In contrast, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) is a direct measure of body composition. Thus, this project aimed to assess the potential of using DEXA for longitudinal quantification of tumor burden versus BLI in an orthotopic KCKO murine model of PDAC. In short, DEXA successfully identified a growing tumor burden and accurately predicts ex vivo tumor mass in a time sensitive manner.
Learning objectives:
Learn to take advantage of DEXA for things other than bone density and bone health (i.e., lean, and fat mass)
Understand that DEXA can reproducibly and accurately be used to monitor tumor burden and growth in orthotopic murine models of pancreatic cancer
Understand the importance of repurposing techniques and equipment for new analysis
Understand that non-invasive in vivo imaging is crucially important in severely compromised models like those for PDAC and other cancers
See the value of utilizing multiple techniques throughout an experiment to enhance data collection
Dr. Lawrence Yip explained how Photoacoustic (PA) imaging works, where it fits in with other modalities and, how your research could benefit from this emerging technology.
Excellent spatial resolution, depth penetration, and superior contrast are just some of the advantages often associated with PA imaging. In this webinar, we dove into the advantages, where they can be beneficial, and how the TriTom’s patented technology overcomes some of the challenges experienced by early adopters of this imaging modality.
The TriTom is a turnkey, compact, tabletop imaging system that combines the sensitivity of fluorescence molecular tomography with the depth penetration and spatial resolution of PA tomography. Many applications including cancer, neuroimaging, developmental biology, and cardiovascular research could benefit from adding these imaging modalities, and we will draw from literature and concrete examples to demonstrate this advantage.
Overview:
In this webinar, Dr. Edwin C. Pratt discussed the realm of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and explained the innovative concept of multiplexed PET. This new scientific advancement makes it possible to perform simultaneous imaging with two different isotopes providing more in depth information with a single scan.
Key Takeaways:
Multiplexed PET is a new reconstruction method to identify and separate positron from positron-prompt gamma emissions without new hardware from list mode PET scanners or energy discrimination of events.
Multiplexed PET is a quantitative method that is agnostic to the type of radiotracer used (IE no compartment modeling). Only a simple uniformity and sensitivity phantom is required.
Acquisition has been shown in a variety of preclinical and clinical PET scanners, though not all scanners can natively acquire data for multiplexing.
Multiplexed PET enables faster throughput for screening radiotracers, or conversely two tracer information of a tissue of interest, like imaging the tumor microenvironment for two immune populations.
(June 29, 2023) Webinar: Designer and Targeted Contrast Agent for Photoacoust...Scintica Instrumentation
Overview:
The talk focused on the synthesis, characterization and use of a novel contrast agent composed of indocyanine green dye for NIR-I photoacoustic (PA) imaging. The contrast agent can be easily tuned to different sizes without enclosure in nanocarriers, has strong optical absorption and PA signal at 895 nm, can be easily functionalized with different targeting molecules and can be imaged for 120 minutes in vivo. The presentation explained details on the genesis of the idea for building a biocompatible contrast agent and give details on its easy synthesis protocols, touch upon a functionalization scheme for adding targeting molecules and demonstrate its use as a PA contrast in mice using the TriTom small animal imaging system.
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a noninvasive imaging modality that relies on absorption of laser light and thermal expansion of biological tissues, which generate ultrasonic waves. These ultrasound waves are then used to reconstitute an image of the tissues with anatomical details and functional information. To increase imaging depth and resolution, PAI requires exogenous molecular contrast agents with high optical absorption in the near infrared (NIR). However, the current repository of NIR dyes that are suitable for PAI is extremely limited. The FDA-approved indocyanine green (ICG) is the only commercially available contrast agent with NIR absorbance that is already used for PAI. However, ICG dyes suffer from poor photostability and high clearance rate.
In this webinar, Dr. Shrishti Singh presented a synthesis method for clinically translatable ICG-JA whose mean size can be finely tuned from 200 nm to 1000 nm and that does not require encapsulation in a nanocarrier. The talk will also detail complete characterization of the agent and steps for functionalization with targeting peptides or antibodies. Additionally, the webinar also provided details about the PA properties of the contrast in vitro in different conditions including whole blood, followed by details on the photoacoustic imaging in vivo using the TriTom system.
Learning Objectives:
Get details on the synthesis of a NIR contrast without the need of a nanocarrier.
Learn in detail about what characteristics a contrast agent should possess to qualify as a clinically translatable technology.
Become familiar with methods to create a targeted contrast agent.
This document compares two dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) systems - PIXImus and Insight - for skeletal phenotyping in mice. It finds that while both systems can measure bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC) non-invasively and rapidly, they produce somewhat different quantitative results. PIXImus is a portable unit that uses low X-ray energies and high-resolution pixels, allowing measurements in low-density bone, while Insight requires a longer scanning time. Overall, the document evaluates the two DXA systems for analyzing skeletal changes in mouse models of bone disease.
(May 3, 2023) Webinar: Exploring a Novel NIR-2 Photoacoustic Agent to Improve...Scintica Instrumentation
The document introduces a novel biodegradable and biocompatible semiconductor nanocrystal called bornite that could improve photoacoustic imaging contrast for deep tissue applications. Experiments show bornite generates a 5x stronger photoacoustic signal than gold nanorods and indocyanine green. It also allows 2-3x deeper imaging of up to 5cm in tissue phantoms and provides around 2x better contrast in vivo. Bornite could be a safer and more effective photoacoustic contrast agent compared to existing alternatives.
(April 5, 2023) Webinar: Prodigy Open-Platform Research Ultrasound System Ov...Scintica Instrumentation
Overview:
In this webinar, we provided an overview of the Prodigy open-platform research ultrasound system. The Prodigy by S-Sharp is a flexible and powerful ultrasound platform enabling research in ultrasound imaging, high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), non-destructive testing (NDT), and much more. Sold for many years as an OEM component of other systems (e.g., for photoacoustic imaging), this highly capable system is now available to laboratories and researchers around the world.
This compact, high-performance ultrasound system is optimized for a variety of engineering research applications. As an open platform research ultrasound system, the Prodigy allows almost every aspect of ultrasound generation and detection to be customized. This includes true arbitrary transmit waveforms, super-fast acquisition capabilities, rapid data transfer, and a software backend that allows for real-time access and processing of both raw and beamformed data.
Some highlights of the Prodigy include its capability for true arbitrary transmit waveforms by using linear amplifiers with digital-to-analog converters (DAC) and the availability of a graphic user interface for designing pulse sequences and adjusting transmit/receive parameters.
Learn the capabilities of this flexible system with peer-reviewed examples of its many possible applications.
Key Points:
(April 4, 2023) Overview of Preclinical Small Animal Imaging Modalities & Mul...Scintica Instrumentation
Overview:
In this webinar, we will review some of the most used preclinical imaging modalities, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), computer tomography (CT), ultrasound, photoacoustic, bioluminescence, fluorescence, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA/DXA) and intravital microscopy. For each modality, we will spend time reviewing the basics of how each works, the strengths and considerations of each, and some key application areas and example images. Finally, we will discuss the benefits of multimodal imaging and review a few papers utilizing a variety of imaging modalities to help support their outcomes. This webinar will introduce our educational focus on preclinical imaging modalities coming up in 2023.
The webinar will be a brief introduction for those who need to become more familiar with all or some of the preclinical imaging modalities. At the same time, our educational focus over the year will dive deeper into each modality, talk more in-depth about multimodal imaging and its benefits, and explore some of the newer topics emerging in the preclinical imaging world, including theranostics, contrast agent development, and many others. Please join us as we start this journey and continue to check back as we expand upon the basics introduced during this webinar.
Learning Objectives:
Understand convection-enhanced delivery and its implication for brain tumour treatment
Understand how gold nanoparticles can be used to construct radiation nanomedicine
Learn how to evaluate the safety, toxicity, and effectiveness of radiation nanomedicines
Overview:
Glioblastoma is a devastatingly aggressive type of brain tumour with a low median, and 5-year survival that has lacked new treatment options, in part due to the inability of therapeutic agents to cross the blood-brain barrier. Convection Enhanced Delivery (CED), a clinical neurosurgical strategy has been used to locoregionally deliver various therapeutic agents within the brain. Radiotherapeutic agents, such as 177Lu-labeled gold nanoparticles (177Lu-AuNP), hold promise for treatment of glioblastoma when administered by CED. Intratumoural injections of 177Lu-AuNP administered by CED was evaluated in an orthotopic xenograft mouse model of glioblastoma. SPECT/CT and biodistribution studies were used to evaluate the fate of the 177Lu-AuNP after injection. These results were used to estimate organ radiation absorbed doses. Normal tissue toxicity was evaluated to confirm the safety of the injections. Magnetic resonance imaging and bioluminescence imaging were used to monitor tumour growth after administration of 177Lu-AuNP, and median survival was estimated.
(February 16, 2023) Webinar: Intracerebral Transplantation of Autologous Bone...Scintica Instrumentation
Overview:
In this webinar, Max Myers presented his work on the use of autologous bone marrow-derived stem cells injected into the cortex of rats, following a stable stroke. Max also demonstrated its lab’s findings and talked about the Aspect Imaging M7 compact MRI system as it relates to its use in this project.
Key Points:
The critical use of stem cells in stroke research
Overcoming the blood-brain barrier via intracerebral injection of stem cells
The introduction of stem cells led to improved functional recovery following an ischemic stroke
How MRI can contribute to the understanding of treatments following stroke
Sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) uncoupling in skeletal muscle and mitochondrial uncoupling via uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in brown/beige adipose tissue are two primary mechanisms implicated in energy expenditure. Here, the effects of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) inhibition via lithium chloride (LiCl) treatment on SERCA uncoupling in skeletal muscle and UCP1 expression in adipose were investigated. C2C12 and 3T3-L1 cells treated with LiCl had increased SERCA uncoupling and UCP1 protein levels, respectively, ultimately raising cellular respiration; however, this was only observed when LiCl treatment occurred throughout differentiation. In vivo, LiCl treatment (10 mg/kg/day) increased food intake in chow-fed and high-fat diet (HFD, 60% kcal) fed male mice without increasing body mass – a result attributed to elevated daily energy expenditure.
In soleus muscle, the lab determined LiCl treatment promoted SERCA uncoupling via increased expression of SERCA uncouplers, sarcolipin and/or neuronatin, under chow and HFD-fed conditions. They attribute these effects to the GSK3 inhibition observed with LiCl treatment as partial muscle specific GSK3 knockdown produced similar effects. In adipose, LiCl treatment inhibited GSK3 in inguinal WAT (iWAT) but not in brown adipose tissue under chow-fed conditions, which in turn led to an increase in UCP1 in iWAT and a beiging-like effect with a multilocular phenotype. The beiging-like effect was not observed, and increase in UCP1 when mice were fed a HFD, as LiCl could not overcome the ensuing overactivation of GSK3. Nonetheless, the study establishes novel regulatory links between GSK3 and SERCA uncoupling in muscle and GSK3 and UCP1 and beiging in iWAT.
This document summarizes research on molecular mechanisms behind lameness in meat chickens. The research found alterations to bone homeostasis and bacterial immune responses that contribute to lameness. Specifically, it was found that bacterial infection dysregulates genes involved in mitochondrial function, dynamics, and biogenesis in bone cells, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, increased cell death, and disruption of cellular processes. Additionally, genes related to the autophagy pathway were downregulated in lame chickens, suggesting bacterial infection impairs autophagy in bone tissue. The research provides insights into how bacteria may cause lameness at the molecular level by interfering with mitochondrial health and autophagy in leg bones.
In this webinar, Katie will discuss the role hypoxia plays in disease progression and treatment response, specifically in cancer. She will also dive into the various molecular imaging technologies that can be used to visualize and assess hypoxia in preclinical cancer models. Some modalities that will be covered include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and optical imaging.
Topics to be covered:
What is hypoxia?
Is there a link between hypoxia and cancer?
What imaging modalities can be used to visualize hypoxia in vivo?
What are the advantages and limitations of each technique?
What are some applications of hypoxia imaging?
Hypoxia has been shown to influence many facets of cancer including tumor growth, treatment response, and metastatic potential. Thus, the ability to noninvasively visualize hypoxia in vivo may be critical to understanding the underlying tumor biology, guiding treatment plans, and determining prognosis in the clinic.
Many different modalities have been used for preclinical hypoxia imaging. While some techniques have been around for decades and have extensive data behind them, others are emerging technologies that aim to overcome existing limitations in the field. Choosing the right modality can be challenging and is dependent on experimental conditions including tumor model, animal strain, and the desired measurement, as each technique will target a different aspect of hypoxia. In this webinar, we will discuss some molecular imaging techniques that can be used to visualize and characterize tumor hypoxia including MRI, PET, optical, and PAI. We will compare the various options, discuss the advantages and limitations of each approach, and show some examples of how scientists are using these techniques within their research.
References
Rebecca A. D’Alonzo, Suki Gill, Pejman Rowshanfarzad, Synat Keam, Kelly M. MacKinnon, Alistair M. Cook & Martin A. Ebert (2021) In vivo noninvasive preclinical tumor hypoxia imaging methods: a review, International Journal of Radiation Biology, 97:5, 593-631, DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1900943
Overview:
Muscles are vital for everyday life, from every move we make to every beat of the heart. Conditions that lead to muscle wasting can drastically reduce our health and quality of life. This presentation will discuss the possibility of inhibiting an enzyme called glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) for the treatment/management of muscular dystrophy and spaceflight.
Without providing too much detail we will show our results with tideglusib treatment - a clinically advanced GSK3 inhibitor - on mdx mice. We will also discuss some of our ideas moving forward with spaceflight and how we plan on leveraging new infrastructure.
Objectives:
The importance of muscle health for overall health
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 and its role in regulating muscle size and composition
Calcium regulation in the heart
Muscular dystrophy
Spaceflight
(October 12, 2021) Webinar: Clinical Field MRI As A Measurement Instrument fo...Scintica Instrumentation
Watch our webinar where Professor Marc-Andre Fortin presented about the 3D printing of hydrogels and hydrated substances that have been introduced in various fields of biomedical research including regenerative medicine, cosmetic surgery, orthopedics, and medical physics.
However, one of the main challenges faced by 3D printing and bioprinting is geometrical conformity. In this presentation, studies requiring hydrogel 3D printing in the fields of ophthalmology, regenerative medicine, and medical physics, were described. MRI scanning procedures were developed and optimized for these specific applications.
The presentation highlighted the potential role of MRI in the development of more accurate, more precise 3D-printed hydrogel objects.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Communicating effectively and consistently with students can help them feel at ease during their learning experience and provide the instructor with a communication trail to track the course's progress. This workshop will take you through constructing an engaging course container to facilitate effective communication.
Cancer Research in Small Animals: A Review of Recent Publications Using High Frequency Ultrasound
1. Tonya Coulthard, MSc.
Manager, Imaging Division
Scintica Instrumentation
Phone: +1 (519) 914 5495
tcoulthard@scintica.com
Cancer Research in Small
Animals: A Review of
Recent Publications Using
High Frequency
Ultrasound
2. • Preclinical Cancer Research
• Imaging in Preclinical Cancer Research
• Recent Publications
Topics of Discussion
3. Preclinical Cancer Research
• Preclinical Solid Tumor Model Overview
• Cell Line Derived / Transplantable Tumor Models
• Genetically Engineered Mouse Tumor Models
• Patient Derived Xenograft Tumor Models
• Preclinical Metastatic Tumor Models
4. • Preclinical cancer research focuses on the following:
• identify biological pathways and mechanisms of
tumorgenesis, growth and metastasis
• screen potential therapeutic compounds or
approaches for their efficacy
• The focus is on the translational aspects of bringing
novel therapeutic approaches to the clinic
Begley et al. Nature (2012) 483(7391): 531-533.
Preclinical Cancer Research
5. • A number of different types of solid tumor models are used
commonly in preclinical research:
• Cell line-derived models
• Patient Derived Xenograft (PDX) models
• Environmentally induced models
• Genetically Engineered Mouse (GEM) models
Gengenbacher et al. Nature Reviews Cancer (2017) 17:751-765.
Preclinical Solid Tumor Models
6. • A review of publications from
2016 found that most work was
being done using a single type
of model, on a single tumor
type
• Breast, lung, colorectal,
melanoma, pancreas, brain and
liver were the top solid tumor
types being studied
• There is a clear preference for
cell line derived models, with
varying levels of PDX, GEM, and
environmental models depending
on the tumor type
Gengenbacher et al. Nature Reviews Cancer (2017) 17:751-765.
Preclinical Solid Tumor Models
7. • Findings may not correlate to clinical outcomes – cell lines represent only a single population of cancer patients
Dranoff, Glenn Nature Reviews Immunology (2012) 12:61-66.
Cell Line Derived / Transplantable Tumor Models
• Work horse in cancer research – propagated
easily
• Subcutaneous injection
• Orthotopic injection – relevant
microenvironment may be present
• IV injection for metastasis
• May be genetically engineered to contain
luciferase or other compounds to allow them to be
imaged – i.e. bioluminescence
8. Dranoff, Glenn Nature Reviews Immunology (2012) 12:61-66.
Genetically Engineered Mouse Tumor Models
• Mice with genetically engineered/humanized immune
systems
• used to study specific parts of the immune system
• may cause enhanced tumor susceptibility
• Tissue-specific and/or temporally controlled
expression of oncogenes or loss of tumor
suppressor genes
• spontaneous tumor development
• more closely mimic the human disease
• Tumor formation is variable and takes longer to
develop
• Model the multiple stages in the development of cancer, and importance of the interaction between neoplastic cells
and the tissue microenvironment
9. Lai et al. Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2017) 10:106-.
Patient Derived Xenograft Tumor Models
• Resected tumor tissue is implanted into
immunodeficient mice; may be placed
subcutaneously or orthotopically
• Can be expanded in vivo through limited
passages in mice
• Only model system that allows for the vast
inter-patient and intra-tumor
heterogeneity that is inherent to human
cancer
• PDX models can be used to identify and test efficacy of therapeutic compounds in vivo and in vitro
• The actual patient may enroll in a specific trial, simultaneously avatar mice can be used in parallel to explore
multiple therapeutic options
10. • When used, primary tumor may be engrafted
ectopically or orthotopically, and in some studies
both methods were employed
• Metastatic studies make up only about 25% of the
cancer research being performed
• Metastasis can be induced in two ways
• IV injection of tumor cells either in the tail
vein, intracardiac injection, splenic vein
injection or intraperitoneal injection
• By spontaneous metastasis from a
primary tumor – at times the primary tumor
is resected to ensure survival of the animal
Gengenbacher et al. Nature Reviews Cancer (2017) 17:751-765.
Preclinical Metastatic Tumor Models
12. Imaging in Preclinical Cancer Research
• Imaging Modality Review
• High Frequency Ultrasound – Prospect T1 Imaging Capabilities
• Tumor detection/monitoring and surrounding tissue imaging
• Injections for orthotopic placement or metastatic tumor models
• Tumor vasculature and biomarker detection
• Advanced techniques for drug delivery and early lesion detection
13. Li et al. Cancers (2019) 11:1800.
Imaging in Cancer Research
• Each modality has specific strengths/weaknesses as they
relate to cancer research
• CT provides good resolution of bones and lung, while
exposing the imaging subject to radiation
• PET requires the use of radioactive tracers to visualize
the tumors, and should be coregistered with another
imaging modality to provide anatomical context, but is
highly sensitive to metastasis and early pathological
changes
• Bioluminescence requires the tumor that express
luciferase; tumor volume measurements are dependent
on expression of the luciferase enzyme and delivery of
the luciferin substrate to the tumor cells, which may
change throughout disease progression or regression
14. Li et al. Cancers (2019) 11:1800.
Imaging in Cancer Research
• MRI provides excellent soft tissue resolution to
visualize normal and abnormal tissue structures, including
tumors; acquisition times vary from 2-5 minutes, but
provides good resolution (150-300µm) images of the
whole body. Contrast agents can be used to study
perfusion and specific biomarkers.
• Ultrasound (high frequency) provides high-resolution
real-time images with a strong soft tissue contrast to
visualize the tumor; contrast agents may be used to
study tumor perfusion or molecular expression of specific
targets
15. • Ultrasound is a non-invasive imaging technique which does not required the use of ionizing radiation,
instead it uses sound waves
• The transducer both sends and receives the ultrasound waves and the computer interprets the returned signal
into an image
Note – these images were not taken
with the Prospect T1 system
Ultrasound Imaging
16. • High-frequency ultrasound waves are necessary to resolve the small anatomical targets in preclinical
research
• Compromise is shorter penetration depth
Ultrasound Imaging
17. Prospect T1
• High-frequency ultrasound system specifically small animal imaging
• Up to 30µm resolution - small tumors, early pathological changes
• B-mode imaging to identify tumors and investigate surrounding
tissue
• 3D imaging to allow for tumor volume quantification
• Image guided needle injections for orthotopic tumor models
• Power Doppler imaging to study tumor vasculature
• Contrast agent imaging for tumor perfusion and biomarker detection
• Integrated sonoporation for drug delivery and cell membrane
permeability applications
• Shear wave elastography for early lesion detection
18. Tumor Detection and Monitoring
• Tumors of all types are visible, whether
subcutaneous or orthotopic
• Standard 2D B-mode imaging is used to
provide a greyscale image, tumors often
show up as a different echogenicity than
the surrounding tissue
• 2D measurements can be done to
measure linear or area measurements of
tumor size
19. Surrounding Tissue Imaging
• Normal structures have a characteristic look
for that specific tissue
• Abnormal changes can be identified – for
example cysts located in the ovaries
• It may be important to look at tissues such as
the lymph node and spleen to identify
systemic changes
Lymph Node
Skeletal Muscle Liver
Spleen
Cyst
Ovary
20. 3D B-Mode Imaging
• The 3D motor expands the capabilities of the Prospect T1
to acquire 3D B-mode images
• Add-on includes the software analysis package to view
the 3D images and perform volume calculations
21. 3D B-Mode Imaging
• Multiple slices are acquired
to cover the entire tumor
volume
• Two areas are drawn
perpendicular to one
another
• Software performs edge
detection and creates a
volume
• 39.0mm3
22. Image Guided Needle Injection
• The image guided needle injection mount integrates with probe
• Injections may be performed with a regular syringe and steel
needle, or pulled glass capillary needle
• Injections may be made into developing embryos, adult
myocardium, or any number of abdominal organ/muscle targets
Adult mouse
myocardium
23. Power Doppler – Tumor Vasculature
• Power Doppler is used to visualize the tumor
vasculature
• Larger vasculature is detected and displayed as a
color overlay on the B-mode image
24. Contrast Imaging – Tumor Microvasculature
• Contrast agents used to detect the
microvasculature – microbubbles are 2-3µm
• Imaging can be done using reference
subtraction or subharmonic imaging
techniques
• Reference subtraction imaging provides a
color overlay to highlight the inflowing
microbubbles
• Multiple regions of interest can be drawn to
25. Contrast Imaging – Tumor Microvasculature
• Subharmonic imaging
isolates the signal coming only
from the microbubbles –
listening only for the 1st
harmonic signal, tissue signal
is removed
• Multiple regions of interest
can be drawn to create time
vs. intensity curves
26. Integrated Sonoporation
• Sonoporation is the controlled cavitation or
bursting of microbubbles with the intention of
increasing the permeability of the cell
membrane, to open to blood brain barrier, or to
facilitate drug delivery
• Sonoporation is performed by a secondary, non-
imaging, probe directed at the anatomical target
• Software integration and control of the
sonoporation probe is included with this add-on
27. Shear Wave Elastography
• Shear wave elastography is used to quantify mechanical/elastic properties of
tissues
• The acoustic radiation force is generated by a push probe mounted on the side of
the imaging probe
• The software analysis generates a colored elastogram which is overlaid on a B-
mode image
30. • Targeted tumor theranostic agent was created with selective
tumor accumulation with diagnostic capabilities, as well as
increased retention, and drug release to effect tumor growth
• Trimodal imaging capabilities were included in the design,
with folate on the surface for binding to tumor cells, along
with 5-fluorouracil included as the therapeutic agent which
blocks DNA synthesis
• Fluorescence
• IR-780 in the
nanoparticle shell
• MRI
• Gd conjugated to
the 5-FU in shell
• Ultrasound
• gas filled core
Li et al. NPG Asia Materials (2018) 10: 1046-1060
31. • In vitro – nanobubbles were clearly visible in a gel mold
• In vivo – clear accumulation of the targeted nanobubbles was observed using
all three imaging modalities
• Ultrasound - red arrows below show accumulation within the tumor at the
same location over time
Li et al. NPG Asia Materials (2018) 10: 1046-1060
32. • 5-FU was released from the nanobubble
surface in an acidic pH environment and with
laser irradiation
• Various combined therapies were applied to the
mice; only the nanobubbles with laser resulted
in a decrease in tumor volumes. Other
therapies slowed the growth, but tumors remained
Li et al. NPG Asia Materials (2018) 10: 1046-1060
33. • Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most
common malignant tumors, causing significant mortality
• Synergistic effect of chemotherapy and gene therapy
• Oxaliplatin – mechanism is not fully understood, but
believed to act on DNA synthesis pathways
• Recombinant human adenovirus Aspp2 (apoptosis
stimulating protein of p53-2) – Aspp2 binds to p53 and
inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis
• in vivo and in vitro studies on HCC cell lines and xenograft
models in nude mice
Liu et al. International Journal of Oncology (2017) 51:1291-1299.
34. • Relative tumor volume decreased with all treatments,
however, was only significant when both chemotherapy and
gene therapy were combined
• This group was also able to use Power Doppler to assess
the small vessels within the tumors – they noted that vessel
quantity decreased in all three treatment groups (data not
shown)
Liu et al. International Journal of Oncology (2017) 51:1291-1299.
35. Want to see the system in action? Join us for a virtual demo
• Images were acquired by implanting a small portion of a blackberry into clear gelatin. The inner structure of the flesh of
the berry as well as the seeds are clearly visible through the clear gelatin mold
37. • Targeted ultrasound contrast agents combine the advantages of
ultrasound imaging with molecular imaging to visualize molecular
biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity in vivo
• Gas filled nanobubbles may be functionalized with specific cell
targets
• VEGFR2 (vascular endothelial grown factor receptor 2) –
expressed by endothelial cells of newly formed blood vessels
• HER2 (human epidermal growth factor 2) – has been identified as
a key target to improve detection and diagnosis of breast cancer
• Traditional microbubbles are typically blood pool agents as they are
too large to fit through the leaky tumor vasculature limiting their targets
to endothelial cell surface markers (VEGFR2); nanobubbles however
are able to extravasate from the vasculature and bind to tumor cell
surface markers (HER2)
Du et al. Scientific Reports (2018) 8:3887.
38. • Both in vitro and in vivo studies showed enhanced binding of dual-targeted (VEGFR2 & HER2) nanobubbles compared
to single targeted (VEGFR2 or HER2) nanobubbles, or untargeted (no antibody) nanobubbles alone
• Sustained increased greyscale intensity was seen as far out as 6-minute post injection, showing retention of the
nanobubbles within the tumor
• Fluorescent in vivo imaging and other histological techniques were used to confirm these results
Du et al. Scientific Reports (2018) 8:3887.
39. • Theranostic agents combine imaging capabilities with therapeutic
function into a single agent
• Multiwalled carbon nanotubes targeted to prostate stem cell
antigen (PSCA) are used to both detect tumors but also to deliver a
therapeutic compound – doxorubicin
• PSCA is only expressed at very low levels in normal prostate tissue,
but is highly expressed in all forms of prostate cancer, and even
more so in all metastatic prostate tumors
• Subcutaneous prostate tumors were used to study the
characteristics of this contrast agent
Wu et al. Biomaterials (2014) 35:5369-5380.
40. • Targeted carbon nanotubes were found to
accumulate in the tumors over time; non-
targeted and antibody blocked nanotubes
did not show the same level of binding
within the tumor
• Further studies showed the therapeutic
efficacy of the drug delivery component of
the nanotubes, as well as the reduced
overall toxicity of doxorubicin when
delivered in a targeted manner
Wu et al. Biomaterials (2014) 35:5369-5380.
41. • Preclinical Cancer Research
• Imaging in Preclinical Cancer Research
• Recent Publications
Topics of Discussion
42. Tonya Coulthard, MSc.
Manager, Imaging Division
Scintica Instrumentation
Phone: +1 (519) 914 5495
tcoulthard@scintica.com
Q&A
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43. • Molecular imaging, using targeted ultrasound contrast agents, allows
for subtle changes to be detected non-invasively, prior to any
phenotypical changes which may be observed without a contrast agent
• Ultrasound imaging is advantageous for frequent monitoring as there is
no ionizing radiation
• Dual targeted gold nanoshelled poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) [PLGA]
nanocapsules were created targeting both VEGFR2 (vascular
endothelial growth factor receptor 2) and and p53
Xu et al. International Journal of Nanomedicine (2018): 13:1791-1807.
• Orthotopic breast tumors
were used to study
diagnostic capabilities of
this contrast agent
44. • Ultrasound results showed that dual-targeted nanocapsules
showed higher signal enhancement then either of the single
targeted agents (VEGFR2 or p53), and that non-targeted and
dual-targeted nanocapsules that were pre-treated with
antibodies before injection showed the lowest signal intensity,
similar to that seen in the hind limb adductor muscle
Xu et al. International Journal of Nanomedicine (2018): 13:1791-1807.
45. • Hepatocellular carcinoma is characterized by chronic inflammation and
an immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment
• Immuno-oncology is a new area of drug development focused on
enhancing the host’s effective anti-cancer immune response
• Orthotopic liver tumors expressing programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1)
to explore the growth characteristics, regulation of the immune
microenvironment, and potential association with anti-PD1 therapy
• Tumor perfusion was assessed using an intravenous microbubble
injection, measured using time-intensity curves as well as vascular
index curves
Ou et al. Liver Cancer (2019) 8:155-171.
46. • Expression of PD-L1 in the tumor cells did not effect
• Survival
• Tumor growth
• Tumor perfusion
• Anti-PD1 antibodies, as immunotherapy re-sensitized the PD-L1 expressing
tumors to sorafenib (conventional chemotherapy)
• Anti-CD8+ antibodies were used to deplete the CD8+ T cells from the host
neither anti-PD1 nor sorafenib were effective treatments when these T
cells were removed from hosts immune system response
Ou et al. Liver Cancer (2019) 8:155-171.
47. • Exosomes are created by a number of different cell types; natural
killer (NK) cells play a central role in the immune response against
cancer
• Exosomes from NK cells could be used to exploit the antitumor
properties of NK cells
• Melanoma is an aggressive type of skin cancer with a poor prognosis,
and is often resistant to multimodal treatment approaches (resection,
chemo, radiation)
• Ultrasound and bioluminescence was used to assess tumor volumes
in this study
Zhu et al. Theranostics (2017) 7(10):2732-45.
48. • Bioluminescence and ultrasound both showed the effectiveness of the
NK derived exosomes and controlling tumor growth; these results
correlated well with the final tumor weights taken at the end of the
study
Zhu et al. Theranostics (2017) 7(10):2732-45.