Cancer and chicken
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
2 likes•380 views
Peyton Rous discovered the first retrovirus (Rous Sarcoma Virus or RSV) in 1911 that caused tumors in chickens. Studies in the 1950s showed that RSV could transform normal chicken cells into cancer-like cells. In the 1970s, scientists discovered that RSV contained a viral oncogene called v-Src that was derived from the chicken cell's proto-oncogene c-Src. This showed that proto-oncogenes exist in cells and can be activated to become oncogenes, contributing to cancer without a virus. Many human cancers involve the activation of cellular proto-oncogenes like c-Src.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Oncogenic viruses
Oncogenic viruses are viruses that can cause cancer. They do this by inducing genetic changes that alter the expression or function of proteins involved in controlling cell growth and division. There are RNA viruses and DNA viruses that are oncogenic. Retroviruses are a type of RNA virus that contain the enzyme reverse transcriptase and can integrate near proto-oncogenes, activating their expression. DNA viruses like papillomavirus and polyomavirus can contain oncogenes that encode transforming proteins to stimulate tumor formation. Many viruses are associated with specific types of cancer in animals and humans.
(20071002)
Tumor viruses can directly cause cancer in animals or humans. About 15% of human tumors are caused by viruses like DNA tumor viruses. These viruses contribute to our understanding of cancer biology and the etiology of some human cancers. They establish long-term infections that can accidentally lead to cancer. The best characterized tumor viruses activate mitogenic signaling pathways or disrupt cell cycle regulation.
Bohomolets Microbiology Lecture #15
Viral oncogenesis can be caused by retroviruses, DNA viruses, or RNA viruses. Retroviruses may contain cellular oncogenes called v-onc genes. Some retroviruses induce cancer by inserting near cellular proto-oncogenes (c-onc genes), deregulating their expression. c-onc genes encode proteins involved in growth control and differentiation. Their mutation or overexpression can lead to cancer. Both DNA and RNA tumor viruses can integrate into host genomes and induce transformation by expressing early genes. Human viruses linked to cancer include EBV, HBV, HCV, HPV, and HIV. HIV causes AIDS by depleting CD4+ T cells, leaving the immune system vulnerable to opportunistic infections.
Oncogenic viruses
The document discusses viral oncogenesis and viruses associated with human tumors. It provides a brief history and discoveries related to oncogenic viruses over the years. Some key points include that approximately 10-20% of human tumors are caused by viruses. Viruses can cause cancer through direct introduction of viral oncogenes or indirect modulation of cellular genes. Some major viruses associated with human cancers include human papillomavirus, Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis B and C viruses, and human T-cell leukemia virus.
viral oncogenesis
This document discusses viral oncogenesis, or how viruses can cause cancer. It defines oncogenes as viral genes that can cause tumors and proto-oncogenes as normal cellular genes that viruses can modify to become oncogenes. It describes the two main types of oncogenic viruses as DNA viruses and RNA viruses, listing some examples of each. For RNA viruses, it explains that all oncogenic viruses are retroviruses and describes the general life cycle of retroviruses, from entering the cell to replicating and exiting. The document concludes that while not all retroviruses contain viral oncogenes, they can integrate near proto-oncogenes and modulate host cell growth to cause cancer.
Oncogenic viruses
Basis of viral oncogenesis and the most common viruses causing cancer and their mechanism of causing cancer. Helpful for undergraduate and postgraduate teaching.
oncogenic viruses ppt.
This document discusses oncogenic viruses and their role in cancer development. It begins with an introduction to viruses and cancer. Key points include that viruses can integrate into host cell DNA and express viral oncoproteins that alter cell growth pathways, leading to cellular transformation over multiple steps. Major oncogenic viruses discussed are human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis B and C viruses, Epstein-Barr virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, and human T-cell leukemia virus. The mechanisms of oncogenesis include introducing new oncogenes, altering expression of cellular genes, and affecting DNA repair and genetic stability.
Dibakar ppt
Tumor viruses can infect cells through either a lytic or latent life cycle. In the latent cycle, the virus genome integrates into the host cell DNA and causes cellular transformation by interfering with normal cell growth control mechanisms. This transformation allows infected cells to proliferate unchecked and form tumors. There are two major classes of tumor viruses - DNA and RNA viruses. DNA tumor viruses like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus can contribute to cancers like hepatocellular carcinoma and cervical cancer. RNA tumor viruses are retroviruses that carry the enzyme reverse transcriptase and integrate their RNA genome into host cell DNA, possibly inserting oncogenes that drive transformation.
Recommended
Oncogenic viruses
Oncogenic viruses are viruses that can cause cancer. They do this by inducing genetic changes that alter the expression or function of proteins involved in controlling cell growth and division. There are RNA viruses and DNA viruses that are oncogenic. Retroviruses are a type of RNA virus that contain the enzyme reverse transcriptase and can integrate near proto-oncogenes, activating their expression. DNA viruses like papillomavirus and polyomavirus can contain oncogenes that encode transforming proteins to stimulate tumor formation. Many viruses are associated with specific types of cancer in animals and humans.
(20071002)
Tumor viruses can directly cause cancer in animals or humans. About 15% of human tumors are caused by viruses like DNA tumor viruses. These viruses contribute to our understanding of cancer biology and the etiology of some human cancers. They establish long-term infections that can accidentally lead to cancer. The best characterized tumor viruses activate mitogenic signaling pathways or disrupt cell cycle regulation.
Bohomolets Microbiology Lecture #15
Viral oncogenesis can be caused by retroviruses, DNA viruses, or RNA viruses. Retroviruses may contain cellular oncogenes called v-onc genes. Some retroviruses induce cancer by inserting near cellular proto-oncogenes (c-onc genes), deregulating their expression. c-onc genes encode proteins involved in growth control and differentiation. Their mutation or overexpression can lead to cancer. Both DNA and RNA tumor viruses can integrate into host genomes and induce transformation by expressing early genes. Human viruses linked to cancer include EBV, HBV, HCV, HPV, and HIV. HIV causes AIDS by depleting CD4+ T cells, leaving the immune system vulnerable to opportunistic infections.
Oncogenic viruses
The document discusses viral oncogenesis and viruses associated with human tumors. It provides a brief history and discoveries related to oncogenic viruses over the years. Some key points include that approximately 10-20% of human tumors are caused by viruses. Viruses can cause cancer through direct introduction of viral oncogenes or indirect modulation of cellular genes. Some major viruses associated with human cancers include human papillomavirus, Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis B and C viruses, and human T-cell leukemia virus.
viral oncogenesis
This document discusses viral oncogenesis, or how viruses can cause cancer. It defines oncogenes as viral genes that can cause tumors and proto-oncogenes as normal cellular genes that viruses can modify to become oncogenes. It describes the two main types of oncogenic viruses as DNA viruses and RNA viruses, listing some examples of each. For RNA viruses, it explains that all oncogenic viruses are retroviruses and describes the general life cycle of retroviruses, from entering the cell to replicating and exiting. The document concludes that while not all retroviruses contain viral oncogenes, they can integrate near proto-oncogenes and modulate host cell growth to cause cancer.
Oncogenic viruses
Basis of viral oncogenesis and the most common viruses causing cancer and their mechanism of causing cancer. Helpful for undergraduate and postgraduate teaching.
oncogenic viruses ppt.
This document discusses oncogenic viruses and their role in cancer development. It begins with an introduction to viruses and cancer. Key points include that viruses can integrate into host cell DNA and express viral oncoproteins that alter cell growth pathways, leading to cellular transformation over multiple steps. Major oncogenic viruses discussed are human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis B and C viruses, Epstein-Barr virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, and human T-cell leukemia virus. The mechanisms of oncogenesis include introducing new oncogenes, altering expression of cellular genes, and affecting DNA repair and genetic stability.
Dibakar ppt
Tumor viruses can infect cells through either a lytic or latent life cycle. In the latent cycle, the virus genome integrates into the host cell DNA and causes cellular transformation by interfering with normal cell growth control mechanisms. This transformation allows infected cells to proliferate unchecked and form tumors. There are two major classes of tumor viruses - DNA and RNA viruses. DNA tumor viruses like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus can contribute to cancers like hepatocellular carcinoma and cervical cancer. RNA tumor viruses are retroviruses that carry the enzyme reverse transcriptase and integrate their RNA genome into host cell DNA, possibly inserting oncogenes that drive transformation.
Oncogenic dna virus
This presentation includes information about DNA oncogenic viruses and latent and lytic replication of Herpes virus.
human oncogenic viruses
here i discussed some human oncogenic viruses , their epidemeology, life cycle, treatment, prevention and control. . oncogenic viruses are cancer causing viruses.
05.04.09(b): Oncogenic Viruses
Slideshow is from the University of Michigan Medical
School's M1 Infectious Disease / Microbiology sequence
View additional course materials on Open.Michigan:
openmi.ch/med-M1IDM
Viral oncogenesis
Cancer arises from normal cells whose nature is permanently changed, causing them to multiply rapidly and not be subject to normal control. Oncogenes are genes capable of transforming normal cells into cancerous cells and result from mutations of normal proto-oncogenes. Both DNA and RNA tumor viruses can transform cells through integration into the host cell DNA, which results in loss of growth control and tumor formation. Retroviruses contain oncogenes (v-onc) that are homologous to cellular proto-oncogenes (c-onc) and can induce transformation after mutation or other changes to the cell's genome.
Oncogenic virus-host cell interaction
Oncogenic viruses can interact with host cells in ways that promote oncogenesis through both direct and indirect mechanisms. Direct mechanisms include viruses introducing oncogenes that alter cellular signaling pathways and disrupt cell cycle control. Indirect mechanisms involve evading immune responses, establishing chronic infections, and inducing chronic inflammation. Specific oncogenic viruses discussed include EBV, HPV, HBV, HCV, HTLV-1, and KSHV. Each virus employs distinct strategies to activate cancer hallmarks in host cells, with EBV and HPV expressing oncoproteins that mimic cellular signaling and proliferation factors, while HBV/HCV cause liver damage and HBV/HTLV-1 inhibit apoptosis.
Oncogenic Viruses
Oncogenic viruses are viruses that can cause cancer. They do so by inserting their DNA into host cells and altering gene expression in ways that promote uncontrolled cell growth and division. Some key points:
- Viruses like HPV, EBV, HBV can lay dormant in the body for years before causing tumors by disrupting tumor suppressor genes or activating oncogenes.
- Oncogenic viruses establish persistent infections to evade the immune system and immunosuppression increases cancer risk.
- Viral oncogenes are incorporated into host cell DNA and cause overexpression of cellular genes involved in growth regulation.
- Cancers linked to oncogenic viruses include cervical cancer from HPV, lymphomas
Oncogenesis
ONCOGENIC VIRUSES
Viruses that produce tumours in their natural host / experimental animals
or
which induce malignant transformation of cells on culture.
Features of viral oncogenesis
- cause cancer in humans & animals
- long latency between viral infection and tumorigenesis
- modulate growth control pathways in cells
- viral markers are present in tumor cells
Classification, Morphology and Methods for the detection of Viruses
This document discusses viruses, including their definition, properties, morphology, classification, and methods for detection. Some key points:
- Viruses are the smallest known infectious agents, containing either DNA or RNA but not both. They lack cellular organization and rely on host cell machinery to replicate.
- Viruses have a protein capsid that surrounds and protects their nucleic acid. They can have helical, icosahedral, or complex symmetry. Some are enveloped and others are non-enveloped.
- Viruses are classified based on their nucleic acid type, number of strands, genome structure, and other properties. This includes DNA and RNA virus families such as Adenoviridae, Herpes
Viruses And Cancer
Viruses can cause cancer by integrating their genetic material into a host cell's DNA and transforming the cell. Some DNA viruses and retroviruses are known as oncogenic viruses. When a cell is transformed by an oncogenic virus, it loses contact inhibition and gains cancer-causing properties. The Epstein-Barr virus is an example of an oncogenic herpes virus that can cause Burkitt's lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Retroviruses are also capable of integrating their RNA into host DNA and transforming the cell, which may lead to cancer if the cell proliferates uncontrollably. Some viruses are capable of latent infections where the virus remains dormant in the host cell for
Transformation by DNA and RNA viruses
This document discusses the mechanisms by which DNA and RNA viruses can transform cells and cause cancer. It explains that viruses can integrate their genetic material into host cell DNA, activating oncogenes and inactivating tumor suppressor genes. This disrupts the normal cell growth and division processes. Oncogenic viruses are classified based on their genetic material as either DNA tumor viruses or RNA tumor viruses, which are retroviruses. The document provides examples of specific human oncogenic viruses and discusses how viral oncogenes activate and the multi-step process of oncogenesis. Both acute and chronic transforming retroviruses are described.
Viral vector
This document discusses viral vectors, which are tools used by molecular biologists to deliver genetic material into cells. It describes how viruses are efficient at transferring their DNA into host cells and can be modified to insert exogenous genes. The document outlines some key properties of viral vectors like safety through deletion of viral replication genes. It then describes some common viral vectors, including adenovirus, adeno-associated virus, herpes virus, lentivirus, and retrovirus. Finally, it discusses some applications of viral vectors like gene therapy and using viruses expressing pathogen proteins as vaccines.
Cellular and molecular pharmacology
This document provides information about the cell cycle and its regulation. It discusses the key phases of the cell cycle including interphase, mitosis, and meiosis. Interphase consists of G1, S, and G2 phases where the cell grows and DNA is replicated. Mitosis involves nuclear division into two daughter cells with identical chromosomes. Meiosis involves two cell divisions resulting in four daughter cells each with half the original chromosome number, allowing for genetic variation. The document defines important cell cycle concepts and compares the processes of mitosis and meiosis.
Group of Dna viruses and viral vectors
This document discusses DNA viruses and viral vectors. It begins by introducing viruses and their classification based on host, morphology, genome, and structures. It then describes the Baltimore classification system for viruses. Viral vectors are discussed as effective means of gene transfer that can be manipulated to express therapeutic genes. Several virus types being investigated for gene delivery are described, including retroviruses, adenoviruses, adeno-associated viruses, and herpes simplex viruses. Key properties of viral vectors like safety, toxicity, stability, and cell specificity are outlined. Specific types of viral vectors - retroviral, lentiviral, adenoviral, adeno-associated viral, and herpes simplex viral vectors - are then characterized.
baculovirus expression
Baculovirus-Insect cell expression system is one of the most popular eukaryotic expression systems for research and industrial applications. There are several advantages of using the baculovirus-Insect cell expression system, such as improved solubility, ability to incorporate post-translational modifications, and higher yield of secreted proteins.
Viruses and cancer
Viruses are responsible for approximately 20% of cancers in humans. Certain viruses have been directly linked to specific cancer types, such as hepatitis B and C viruses which cause hepatocellular carcinoma of the liver. Retroviruses like human T-cell lymphotropic virus can also trigger leukemia. Vaccines now exist for hepatitis B and human papillomaviruses, which are associated with cervical and other anogenital cancers. With new techniques, more virus-cancer links will likely be discovered in the coming years.
Retroviral Vectors
Retroviral vectors are derived from wild type retroviruses like Moloney murine leukemia virus. They are engineered to carry foreign genes into target cells. The vectors contain cis-acting elements from the viral genome like LTRs and packaging signals but lack the trans-acting genes gag, pol, and env. This prevents replication but allows the vector and its gene of interest to integrate stably into the host cell genome. Retroviral vectors show promise for gene therapy applications but also have limitations like requiring actively dividing cells for transduction and potential risks of insertional mutagenesis leading to cancer.
Oncolytic virotheraphy
Oncolytic virotherapy uses viruses that selectively infect and kill cancer cells. Viruses are engineered to target features of cancer cells like overexpression of certain receptors. The viruses infect and replicate within cancer cells, causing them to lyse and release new virus particles to infect neighboring cancer cells. This repeats to destroy the tumor. Additionally, the viral infection stimulates anti-tumor immune responses. Oncolytic viruses show potential as a cancer therapy but challenges remain around the immune system clearing viruses too quickly and risks of new viral strains emerging.
Yeast Display Technology - Creative Biolabs
Yeast display is a novel technique widely used to express the proteins at the yeast surface after translation and maturation in a eukaryotic system. The slide named yeast display technology is created by Creative Biolabs who has established unique Ultraff™ yeast display platform to meet customers'requirement. In the slide, we will give you a comprehensive introduction to yeast display, including yeast display system, the process of yeast display system construction and application of yeast display. It is believed that you can fully understand yeast display technology after studying the slide.
Virus and Cancer
This presentation discusses the etiology of cancer, focusing on viruses, radiation, environmental and industrial carcinogens, diet, nutrition, tobacco, alcohol consumption, and genetic susceptibility as causes of cancer. Dr. Manash K. Paul from the Department of Biology at the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research will provide the presentation for teaching purposes only. The document contains no other information.
Oncovirus
An oncovirus is a virus that can cause cancer. This term originated from studies of acutely transforming retroviruses in the 1950–60s, often called oncornaviruses to denote their RNA virus origin. It now refers to any virus with a DNA or RNA genome causing cancer and is synonymous with "tumor virus" or "cancer virus".
More Related Content
What's hot
Oncogenic dna virus
This presentation includes information about DNA oncogenic viruses and latent and lytic replication of Herpes virus.
human oncogenic viruses
here i discussed some human oncogenic viruses , their epidemeology, life cycle, treatment, prevention and control. . oncogenic viruses are cancer causing viruses.
05.04.09(b): Oncogenic Viruses
Slideshow is from the University of Michigan Medical
School's M1 Infectious Disease / Microbiology sequence
View additional course materials on Open.Michigan:
openmi.ch/med-M1IDM
Viral oncogenesis
Cancer arises from normal cells whose nature is permanently changed, causing them to multiply rapidly and not be subject to normal control. Oncogenes are genes capable of transforming normal cells into cancerous cells and result from mutations of normal proto-oncogenes. Both DNA and RNA tumor viruses can transform cells through integration into the host cell DNA, which results in loss of growth control and tumor formation. Retroviruses contain oncogenes (v-onc) that are homologous to cellular proto-oncogenes (c-onc) and can induce transformation after mutation or other changes to the cell's genome.
Oncogenic virus-host cell interaction
Oncogenic viruses can interact with host cells in ways that promote oncogenesis through both direct and indirect mechanisms. Direct mechanisms include viruses introducing oncogenes that alter cellular signaling pathways and disrupt cell cycle control. Indirect mechanisms involve evading immune responses, establishing chronic infections, and inducing chronic inflammation. Specific oncogenic viruses discussed include EBV, HPV, HBV, HCV, HTLV-1, and KSHV. Each virus employs distinct strategies to activate cancer hallmarks in host cells, with EBV and HPV expressing oncoproteins that mimic cellular signaling and proliferation factors, while HBV/HCV cause liver damage and HBV/HTLV-1 inhibit apoptosis.
Oncogenic Viruses
Oncogenic viruses are viruses that can cause cancer. They do so by inserting their DNA into host cells and altering gene expression in ways that promote uncontrolled cell growth and division. Some key points:
- Viruses like HPV, EBV, HBV can lay dormant in the body for years before causing tumors by disrupting tumor suppressor genes or activating oncogenes.
- Oncogenic viruses establish persistent infections to evade the immune system and immunosuppression increases cancer risk.
- Viral oncogenes are incorporated into host cell DNA and cause overexpression of cellular genes involved in growth regulation.
- Cancers linked to oncogenic viruses include cervical cancer from HPV, lymphomas
Oncogenesis
ONCOGENIC VIRUSES
Viruses that produce tumours in their natural host / experimental animals
or
which induce malignant transformation of cells on culture.
Features of viral oncogenesis
- cause cancer in humans & animals
- long latency between viral infection and tumorigenesis
- modulate growth control pathways in cells
- viral markers are present in tumor cells
Classification, Morphology and Methods for the detection of Viruses
This document discusses viruses, including their definition, properties, morphology, classification, and methods for detection. Some key points:
- Viruses are the smallest known infectious agents, containing either DNA or RNA but not both. They lack cellular organization and rely on host cell machinery to replicate.
- Viruses have a protein capsid that surrounds and protects their nucleic acid. They can have helical, icosahedral, or complex symmetry. Some are enveloped and others are non-enveloped.
- Viruses are classified based on their nucleic acid type, number of strands, genome structure, and other properties. This includes DNA and RNA virus families such as Adenoviridae, Herpes
Viruses And Cancer
Viruses can cause cancer by integrating their genetic material into a host cell's DNA and transforming the cell. Some DNA viruses and retroviruses are known as oncogenic viruses. When a cell is transformed by an oncogenic virus, it loses contact inhibition and gains cancer-causing properties. The Epstein-Barr virus is an example of an oncogenic herpes virus that can cause Burkitt's lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Retroviruses are also capable of integrating their RNA into host DNA and transforming the cell, which may lead to cancer if the cell proliferates uncontrollably. Some viruses are capable of latent infections where the virus remains dormant in the host cell for
Transformation by DNA and RNA viruses
This document discusses the mechanisms by which DNA and RNA viruses can transform cells and cause cancer. It explains that viruses can integrate their genetic material into host cell DNA, activating oncogenes and inactivating tumor suppressor genes. This disrupts the normal cell growth and division processes. Oncogenic viruses are classified based on their genetic material as either DNA tumor viruses or RNA tumor viruses, which are retroviruses. The document provides examples of specific human oncogenic viruses and discusses how viral oncogenes activate and the multi-step process of oncogenesis. Both acute and chronic transforming retroviruses are described.
Viral vector
This document discusses viral vectors, which are tools used by molecular biologists to deliver genetic material into cells. It describes how viruses are efficient at transferring their DNA into host cells and can be modified to insert exogenous genes. The document outlines some key properties of viral vectors like safety through deletion of viral replication genes. It then describes some common viral vectors, including adenovirus, adeno-associated virus, herpes virus, lentivirus, and retrovirus. Finally, it discusses some applications of viral vectors like gene therapy and using viruses expressing pathogen proteins as vaccines.
Cellular and molecular pharmacology
This document provides information about the cell cycle and its regulation. It discusses the key phases of the cell cycle including interphase, mitosis, and meiosis. Interphase consists of G1, S, and G2 phases where the cell grows and DNA is replicated. Mitosis involves nuclear division into two daughter cells with identical chromosomes. Meiosis involves two cell divisions resulting in four daughter cells each with half the original chromosome number, allowing for genetic variation. The document defines important cell cycle concepts and compares the processes of mitosis and meiosis.
Group of Dna viruses and viral vectors
This document discusses DNA viruses and viral vectors. It begins by introducing viruses and their classification based on host, morphology, genome, and structures. It then describes the Baltimore classification system for viruses. Viral vectors are discussed as effective means of gene transfer that can be manipulated to express therapeutic genes. Several virus types being investigated for gene delivery are described, including retroviruses, adenoviruses, adeno-associated viruses, and herpes simplex viruses. Key properties of viral vectors like safety, toxicity, stability, and cell specificity are outlined. Specific types of viral vectors - retroviral, lentiviral, adenoviral, adeno-associated viral, and herpes simplex viral vectors - are then characterized.
baculovirus expression
Baculovirus-Insect cell expression system is one of the most popular eukaryotic expression systems for research and industrial applications. There are several advantages of using the baculovirus-Insect cell expression system, such as improved solubility, ability to incorporate post-translational modifications, and higher yield of secreted proteins.
Viruses and cancer
Viruses are responsible for approximately 20% of cancers in humans. Certain viruses have been directly linked to specific cancer types, such as hepatitis B and C viruses which cause hepatocellular carcinoma of the liver. Retroviruses like human T-cell lymphotropic virus can also trigger leukemia. Vaccines now exist for hepatitis B and human papillomaviruses, which are associated with cervical and other anogenital cancers. With new techniques, more virus-cancer links will likely be discovered in the coming years.
Retroviral Vectors
Retroviral vectors are derived from wild type retroviruses like Moloney murine leukemia virus. They are engineered to carry foreign genes into target cells. The vectors contain cis-acting elements from the viral genome like LTRs and packaging signals but lack the trans-acting genes gag, pol, and env. This prevents replication but allows the vector and its gene of interest to integrate stably into the host cell genome. Retroviral vectors show promise for gene therapy applications but also have limitations like requiring actively dividing cells for transduction and potential risks of insertional mutagenesis leading to cancer.
Oncolytic virotheraphy
Oncolytic virotherapy uses viruses that selectively infect and kill cancer cells. Viruses are engineered to target features of cancer cells like overexpression of certain receptors. The viruses infect and replicate within cancer cells, causing them to lyse and release new virus particles to infect neighboring cancer cells. This repeats to destroy the tumor. Additionally, the viral infection stimulates anti-tumor immune responses. Oncolytic viruses show potential as a cancer therapy but challenges remain around the immune system clearing viruses too quickly and risks of new viral strains emerging.
Yeast Display Technology - Creative Biolabs
Yeast display is a novel technique widely used to express the proteins at the yeast surface after translation and maturation in a eukaryotic system. The slide named yeast display technology is created by Creative Biolabs who has established unique Ultraff™ yeast display platform to meet customers'requirement. In the slide, we will give you a comprehensive introduction to yeast display, including yeast display system, the process of yeast display system construction and application of yeast display. It is believed that you can fully understand yeast display technology after studying the slide.
Virus and Cancer
This presentation discusses the etiology of cancer, focusing on viruses, radiation, environmental and industrial carcinogens, diet, nutrition, tobacco, alcohol consumption, and genetic susceptibility as causes of cancer. Dr. Manash K. Paul from the Department of Biology at the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research will provide the presentation for teaching purposes only. The document contains no other information.
Oncovirus
An oncovirus is a virus that can cause cancer. This term originated from studies of acutely transforming retroviruses in the 1950–60s, often called oncornaviruses to denote their RNA virus origin. It now refers to any virus with a DNA or RNA genome causing cancer and is synonymous with "tumor virus" or "cancer virus".
What's hot (20)
Classification, Morphology and Methods for the detection of Viruses
Classification, Morphology and Methods for the detection of Viruses
Viewers also liked
Capabilities 1 2016
MMHealthcare Consulting provides strategic consulting services to healthcare manufacturers, providers, and distributors. They help clients achieve breakthrough performance through insightful thinking, disciplined execution, and thoughtful leadership. Services include growth marketing strategy, sales training, and supply chain optimization. The company aims to accelerate growth and help clients overachieve their objectives using healthcare industry experience.
Shade grown coffee
Presentation by Pita Verweij and Rosalien Jezeer at “Presentation by Mike Parr at “Putting pledges into practice in Latin America – an early assessment of Initiative 20×20 from science, policy and finance perspectives” Discussion Forum on the second day of the Global Landscapes Forum 2015, in Paris, France alongside COP21. For more information go to: www.landscapes.org.” Discussion Forum on the first day of the Global Landscapes Forum 2015, in Paris, France alongside COP21. For more information go to: www.landscapes.org.
CV Sandro Pereira
Sandro Pereira has extensive experience in molecular biology and microbiology research. He received his Ph.D. in Molecular Biology from Universidade Nova de Lisboa and The Rockefeller University in 2008. Since then, he has held several prestigious postdoctoral research positions at Columbia University Medical Center, where he conducted independent research projects on topics such as bacterial dormancy, protein synthesis regulation, and cell dormancy. Pereira has published several papers in high impact journals and brings strong skills in techniques such as cell culture, biochemistry assays, microscopy, and genomics.
Omar cruz presenta
La brecha digital se refiere a las diferencias socioeconómicas en el acceso a la tecnología, mientras que los desechos tecnológicos son productos electrónicos desechados como computadoras, teléfonos y electrodomésticos. El tratamiento inadecuado de los desechos electrónicos puede dañar el medio ambiente y la salud humana, por lo que es importante llevar estos artículos a lugares de reciclaje.
Hukum nun sukun
Ada beberapa hukum bacaan untuk nun mati atau tanwin yang bertemu dengan huruf-huruf tertentu, yaitu:
1) Idh-har halqi jika bertemu dengan huruf hamzah, haa, haa', khaa', 'ain, dan ghain.
2) Idgham bi ghunnah jika bertemu dengan huruf yaa', nun, mim, dan wau.
3) Idgham bila ghunnah jika bertemu dengan huruf lam dan ro'.
U.S. Presidential election China implications
The unprecedented nature of this election has communication implications for companies across the globe, and especially for China. The country is a frequent topic in presidential candidates’ speeches on the campaign trail.
Companies operating in China, and particularly those with strong ties to both China and the U.S., should consider the white-hot campaign spotlight on China during the election. Clear communication, careful planning, and deliberate timing are more essential now than ever.
For more information please contact our following offices:
Beijing: www.brunswickgroup.com/contact-us/beijing/
Hong Kong: www.brunswickgroup.com/contact-us/hong-kong/
Shanghai: www.brunswickgroup.com/contact-us/shanghai/
Washington, DC: www.brunswickgroup.com/contact-us/washington-dc/
Viewers also liked (12)
Similar to Cancer and chicken
Viruses as oncogenes
in this ppt slide you study about oncogene and related viruses. they are very fatal because it responsible for tumor/cancer disease. so, all you read this
SARS2 CoVID-19
SARS2 CoVID-19 is so far the latest endemic that has hit the humanity. This presentation is a sincere approach to understand about this class of viruses and the methods that can be used to prevent their further upgradation or genetic modification.
Folding
New research has found that the process by which retroviruses like HIV reproduce and assemble new viruses is more complex than previously thought. Specifically, the Gag protein is transported into the cell nucleus before going to the cell membrane, where it binds to viral RNA and changes shape in response. Understanding viral reproduction is important for developing treatments for retroviral diseases like AIDS. Additionally, researchers discovered a microRNA that regulates red blood cell production, which could help treat diseases involving excessive blood cell growth like polycythemia vera.
RECENT DEVELOPMENT IN CANCER PHYTOTHERAPY.
A BRIEF OVERVIEW AND INFORMATION ABOUT CANCER AND NEW RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THERAPY FOR CANCER BY THE USE OF PLANTS.
Oncogenic virus ppt
This document summarizes information about oncogenic viruses. It begins with definitions of oncoviruses and tumor viruses. It then estimates that viruses cause approximately 18% of human cancers. Several important historical discoveries are outlined, such as the first demonstration that avian sarcoma leukosis virus could cause leukemia when transmitted between chickens. Mechanisms by which viruses can cause cancer are discussed, such as by inserting oncogenes into host cells. Several specific DNA and RNA viruses that are known to cause cancer are described, including their associated cancer types. Precautions to prevent viral infection during cancer treatment are provided. In conclusion, viruses can stimulate cell proliferation and cause cancer through various mechanisms such as modifying proto-oncogenes or stimulating growth.
Identoification and Types of Oncogene
An oncogene is a gene that has the potential to cause cancer. In tumor cells, these genes are often mutated or expressed at high levels. Most normal cells will undergo a programmed form of rapid cell death (apoptosis) when critical functions are altered and malfunctioning
Reading assignment s144
1) The human JC virus (JCV) infects over 80% of humans and is associated with the fatal demyelinating disease progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML).
2) JCV has the ability to transform cells in culture and induce tumors in animal models. Its major oncoprotein, T-antigen, interacts with tumor suppressors like p53 and Rb to deregulate pathways controlling cell proliferation.
3) Studies suggest T-antigen promotes tumorigenesis by interacting with cellular proteins involved in proliferation signaling like IRS-1, disrupting tumor suppressor functions and activating pathways like IGF-1 signaling.
Human papilloma virus
The document discusses human papillomavirus (HPV) and its role in cervical cancer. It provides a history of HPV research and establishes a causal link between high-risk HPV types and cervical cancer through large epidemiological studies. The document also examines HPV genome structure and how the E6 and E7 oncoproteins interact with host cell proteins to promote oncogenesis and immortalization, ultimately leading to cervical cancer if a persistent infection occurs.
Zoonotic Viruses as a Risk Factor for Tumor Growth Initiation_Crimson Publishers
Zoonotic Viruses as a Risk Factor for Tumor Growth Initiation_Crimson PublishersCrimsonpublishersCJMI
Zoonotic Viruses as a Risk Factor for Tumor Growth Initiation by Andrei Alimov in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious DiseaseCancer Genes And Growth Factors
Cancer is caused by mutations in genes that control cell growth called oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Oncogenes are mutated forms of normal genes that cause cells to grow uncontrollably, while tumor suppressor genes normally slow cell growth but are inactivated in cancer. Many cancers are caused by a combination of inherited gene mutations and acquired mutations from environmental exposures. Identifying mutations in specific oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes can help determine cancer risk and guide treatment decisions. The drug Herceptin targets the HER2/neu oncogene expressed in some breast cancers.
oncogenic viruses by dr rahul acharya.pptx
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1), human papillomaviruses (HPVs), hepatitis C virus (HCV), Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8)) and Merkel cell polyomavirus
DNA Oncogenic Viruses
Oncogenic viruses can cause cancer by inserting their DNA into host cells. DNA tumor viruses encode viral proteins necessary for replication that alter host cell genes and promote uncontrolled growth. RNA tumor viruses carry altered host cell genes not needed for viral replication. Key tumor suppressor genes like p53 and Rb are inactivated by viral oncoproteins from viruses such as human papillomavirus, Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis B virus, and Merkel cell polyomavirus, leading to cellular transformation and cancer development.
Tumour immunology
The document discusses tumors and cancer. It defines tumors as abnormal tissue growth resulting from mutations in DNA that alter cell growth regulation. There are two types: benign tumors, which are non-cancerous and have defined boundaries; and malignant tumors (cancers), which invade other tissues and spread via the bloodstream and lymphatic system. Cancers arise from mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, which normally regulate cell division. Environmental factors like radiation, viruses, hormones, and chemicals can also increase cancer risk by further mutating these genes. The body has some defense mechanisms to prevent cancer development, like shedding mutated cells, but cancers can still form when too many mutations accumulate.
Multipex for papillomavirus
28 different genotypes of HPV can be simultaneously tested and reported using multiplex pcr, this includes 19 high risk and 9 low risk genotypes
Parasite Subsistence of Human Cancer_Crimson Publishers
This document summarizes a research article about proposing a new hypothesis regarding the origin and spread of cancer. It begins by describing how cancer has become a major threat to global health. It then introduces the hypothesis that cancer should be viewed as an invasive parasite that is able to invade the human body, subsist off the host's resources, and spread between humans through transmission in reproductive cells like sperm and eggs. The goal of the research was to present evidence from epidemiology, clinical observations, genetics, and immunology to support this parasitic view of cancer. It describes how cancer would progress through different stages from invasion to transmission in a "circle of life" within the human body.
Inflammation, Gut Microbiome, Bacteriophages, and the Initiation of Colorecta...
This document summarizes a lecture on inflammation, the gut microbiome, bacteriophages, and the initiation of colorectal cancer. The lecturer discusses his personal experience with Crohn's disease and extensive self-monitoring. Analysis of his microbiome data over time revealed shifts correlated with inflammation levels. Certain bacteria like Fusobacterium nucleatum and E. coli were found at highest levels during peak inflammation. The lecturer's genetic analysis revealed SNPs linked to autoimmune disease that may have predisposed him to Crohn's. The lecture explores the role of the microbiome in mediating inflammation and cancer initiation in the gut.
Cell, Vol. 100, 57–70, January 7, 2000, Copyright 2000 by Cel.docx
Cell, Vol. 100, 57–70, January 7, 2000, Copyright 2000 by Cell Press
The Hallmarks of Cancer Review
evolve progressively from normalcy via a series of pre-Douglas Hanahan* and Robert A. Weinberg†
*Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and malignant states into invasive cancers (Foulds, 1954).
These observations have been rendered more con-Hormone Research Institute
University of California at San Francisco crete by a large body of work indicating that the ge-
nomes of tumor cells are invariably altered at multipleSan Francisco, California 94143
†Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and sites, having suffered disruption through lesions as sub-
tle as point mutations and as obvious as changes inDepartment of Biology
Massachusetts Institute of Technology chromosome complement (e.g., Kinzler and Vogelstein,
1996). Transformation of cultured cells is itself aCambridge, Massachusetts 02142
multistep process: rodent cells require at least two intro-
duced genetic changes before they acquire tumorigenic
competence, while their human counterparts are moreAfter a quarter century of rapid advances, cancer re-
difficult to transform (Hahn et al., 1999). Transgenicsearch has generated a rich and complex body of knowl-
models of tumorigenesis have repeatedly supported theedge, revealing cancer to be a disease involving dy-
conclusion that tumorigenesis in mice involves multiplenamic changes in the genome. The foundation has been
rate-limiting steps (Bergers et al., 1998; see Oncogene,set in the discovery of mutations that produce onco-
1999, R. DePinho and T. E. Jacks, volume 18[38], pp.genes with dominant gain of function and tumor sup-
5248–5362). Taken together, observations of humanpressor genes with recessive loss of function; both
cancers and animal models argue that tumor develop-classes of cancer genes have been identified through
ment proceeds via a process formally analogous to Dar-their alteration in human and animal cancer cells and
winian evolution, in which a succession of geneticby their elicitation of cancer phenotypes in experimental
changes, each conferring one or another type of growthmodels (Bishop and Weinberg, 1996).
advantage, leads to the progressive conversion of nor-Some would argue that the search for the origin and
mal human cells into cancer cells (Foulds, 1954; Nowell,treatment of this disease will continue over the next
1976).quarter century in much the same manner as it has in
the recent past, by adding further layers of complexity
to a scientific literature that is already complex almost An Enumeration of the Traits
beyond measure. But we anticipate otherwise: those The barriers to development of cancer are embodied
researching the cancer problem will be practicing a dra- in a teleology: cancer cells have defects in regulatory
matically different type of science than we have experi- circuits that govern normal cell proliferation and homeo-
enced over the past 25 years. Surely much of this change stasis. T.
Cell, Vol. 100, 57–70, January 7, 2000, Copyright 2000 by Cel.docx
Cell, Vol. 100, 57–70, January 7, 2000, Copyright 2000 by Cell Press
The Hallmarks of Cancer Review
evolve progressively from normalcy via a series of pre-Douglas Hanahan* and Robert A. Weinberg†
*Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and malignant states into invasive cancers (Foulds, 1954).
These observations have been rendered more con-Hormone Research Institute
University of California at San Francisco crete by a large body of work indicating that the ge-
nomes of tumor cells are invariably altered at multipleSan Francisco, California 94143
†Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and sites, having suffered disruption through lesions as sub-
tle as point mutations and as obvious as changes inDepartment of Biology
Massachusetts Institute of Technology chromosome complement (e.g., Kinzler and Vogelstein,
1996). Transformation of cultured cells is itself aCambridge, Massachusetts 02142
multistep process: rodent cells require at least two intro-
duced genetic changes before they acquire tumorigenic
competence, while their human counterparts are moreAfter a quarter century of rapid advances, cancer re-
difficult to transform (Hahn et al., 1999). Transgenicsearch has generated a rich and complex body of knowl-
models of tumorigenesis have repeatedly supported theedge, revealing cancer to be a disease involving dy-
conclusion that tumorigenesis in mice involves multiplenamic changes in the genome. The foundation has been
rate-limiting steps (Bergers et al., 1998; see Oncogene,set in the discovery of mutations that produce onco-
1999, R. DePinho and T. E. Jacks, volume 18[38], pp.genes with dominant gain of function and tumor sup-
5248–5362). Taken together, observations of humanpressor genes with recessive loss of function; both
cancers and animal models argue that tumor develop-classes of cancer genes have been identified through
ment proceeds via a process formally analogous to Dar-their alteration in human and animal cancer cells and
winian evolution, in which a succession of geneticby their elicitation of cancer phenotypes in experimental
changes, each conferring one or another type of growthmodels (Bishop and Weinberg, 1996).
advantage, leads to the progressive conversion of nor-Some would argue that the search for the origin and
mal human cells into cancer cells (Foulds, 1954; Nowell,treatment of this disease will continue over the next
1976).quarter century in much the same manner as it has in
the recent past, by adding further layers of complexity
to a scientific literature that is already complex almost An Enumeration of the Traits
beyond measure. But we anticipate otherwise: those The barriers to development of cancer are embodied
researching the cancer problem will be practicing a dra- in a teleology: cancer cells have defects in regulatory
matically different type of science than we have experi- circuits that govern normal cell proliferation and homeo-
enced over the past 25 years. Surely much of this change stasis. T ...
Alfred knudson and the two hit hypothesis
Alfred Knudson developed the two-hit hypothesis for cancer causation in 1971 to explain hereditary and non-hereditary retinoblastoma. The hypothesis proposed that cancer results from two mutations, with hereditary cancer requiring one mutation inherited in all cells and non-hereditary cancer requiring two spontaneous mutations. This anticipated the discovery of tumor suppressor genes. Later work extended the two-hit model to other childhood cancers and carcinomas. Currently, Knudson's research focuses on using knowledge of hereditary cancers to develop chemoprevention strategies by targeting early somatic events in high-risk individuals.
41579_2021_Article_536.pdf
potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), magnesium, creatinine, glucose, and sometimes calcium. Tests that focus on cholesterol levels can determine LDL and HDL cholesterol levels, as well as triglyceride levels.[6]
Similar to Cancer and chicken (20)
Zoonotic Viruses as a Risk Factor for Tumor Growth Initiation_Crimson Publishers
Zoonotic Viruses as a Risk Factor for Tumor Growth Initiation_Crimson Publishers
Parasite Subsistence of Human Cancer_Crimson Publishers
Parasite Subsistence of Human Cancer_Crimson Publishers
Inflammation, Gut Microbiome, Bacteriophages, and the Initiation of Colorecta...
Inflammation, Gut Microbiome, Bacteriophages, and the Initiation of Colorecta...
Cell, Vol. 100, 57–70, January 7, 2000, Copyright 2000 by Cel.docx
Cell, Vol. 100, 57–70, January 7, 2000, Copyright 2000 by Cel.docx
Cell, Vol. 100, 57–70, January 7, 2000, Copyright 2000 by Cel.docx
Cell, Vol. 100, 57–70, January 7, 2000, Copyright 2000 by Cel.docx
Recently uploaded
Light House Retreats: Plant Medicine Retreat Europe
Our aim is to organise conscious gatherings and retreats for open and inquisitive minds and souls, with and without the assistance of sacred plants.
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptx
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
Role of Mukta Pishti in the Management of Hyperthyroidism
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Dehradun #ℂall #gIRLS Oyo Hotel 8107221448 #ℂall #gIRL in Dehradun
Dehradun #ℂall #gIRLS Oyo Hotel 8107221448 #ℂall #gIRL in Dehradun
A Classical Text Review on Basavarajeeyam
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Top Effective Soaps for Fungal Skin Infections in India
Swisschem Dermacare has mentioned the List of The Best Antifungal Soap In India 2022. All of these soaps are trusted by various Dermatology Experts.
REGULATION FOR COMBINATION PRODUCTS AND MEDICAL DEVICES.pptx
It includes regulation of combination products and medical devices. FDA and industry liaisons.
ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.
Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
Top-Vitamin-Supplement-Brands-in-India List
Swisschem Dermacare provides the Top 10 Vitamin Supplement Brands in India. To know more about us give us call at our official number
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Efficacy of Avartana Sneha in Ayurveda
Avartana Sneha is a unique method of Preparation of Sneha Kalpana in Ayurveda, mainly it is indicated for the Vataja rogas.
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Top 10 Best Ayurvedic Kidney Stone Syrups in India
we have mentioned the best 10 ayurvedic Kidney Stone Syrups. You can check all these products and choose the best one for yourself.
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Recently uploaded (20)
Light House Retreats: Plant Medicine Retreat Europe
Light House Retreats: Plant Medicine Retreat Europe
Role of Mukta Pishti in the Management of Hyperthyroidism
Role of Mukta Pishti in the Management of Hyperthyroidism
Dehradun #ℂall #gIRLS Oyo Hotel 8107221448 #ℂall #gIRL in Dehradun
Dehradun #ℂall #gIRLS Oyo Hotel 8107221448 #ℂall #gIRL in Dehradun
Tests for analysis of different pharmaceutical.pptx
Tests for analysis of different pharmaceutical.pptx
Top Effective Soaps for Fungal Skin Infections in India
Top Effective Soaps for Fungal Skin Infections in India
REGULATION FOR COMBINATION PRODUCTS AND MEDICAL DEVICES.pptx
REGULATION FOR COMBINATION PRODUCTS AND MEDICAL DEVICES.pptx
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...
Top 10 Best Ayurvedic Kidney Stone Syrups in India
Top 10 Best Ayurvedic Kidney Stone Syrups in India
Ear and its clinical correlations By Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Ear and its clinical correlations By Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
Cancer and chicken
- 1. Cancer and chicken MR B.S. NKWANYANA
- 2. The implementation of chicken cancer
- 3. Peyton Rous discovered the first retrovirus in 1911. This virus caused solid tumours (sarcomas) in chickens, and was named Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV). It may seem bizarre, but study of this chicken virus has played a key role in our understanding of what oncogenes are, and how they contribute to cancer! In the 1950s, Temin and Rubin showed that RSV could cause cancer-like changes (“transformation”) in normal chicken cells. These changes were stably inherited: they were passed on to the daughter cells during cell division.
- 4. gure 1: Infection with RSV causes ‘transformation’ of normal chicken cells in culture. The transformed cells behave like cancer cells.
- 5. In the 1970s, scientists discovered why RSV causes cancer: at some point during its evolution, RSV had ‘picked up’ an extra gene from the chicken cells it infected. The extra gene wasn’t required for viral growth, but was required to convert normal cells into cancer cells. This gene, v-Src, was the first viral oncogene to be discovered. The normal cellular ‘proto- oncogene’, c-Src (cellular-Src), had been incorporated into the viral genome in a mutant ‘activated’ form termed v-Src (viral-Src); it was now an ‘oncogene’. Further research identified other viral oncogenes, and showed that they too had cellular proto-oncogene counterparts. Importantly, proto-oncogenes like c-Src are present not only in birds like chickens, but in mammalian cells too, including human cells.
- 6. Researchers then showed that many of these cellular proto-oncogenes are activated in human cancers – this was a key insight into how cancer arises. In other words, in the human body, alterations in proto-oncogenes can turn them into active oncogenes, without the need for an oncogenic virus. For instance, mutation or overexpression of the human c-Src gene is commonly found in colon, prostate and breast cancers
- 7. references Cooper W. The Struggles of Albert Woods. London: Jonathan Cape; 1952. Hanahan D, Weinberg R. The Hallmarks of Cancer. Cell. 2000;100:57–70. [PubMed] Dr Sarah Meek, University of Glasgow Knudson A. Mutation and cancer: Statistical study of retinoblastoma. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. 1971 April;68:820–23. [PMC free article] [PubMed] Weinberg RA. The Biology of Cancer. New York: Garland Science; 2006. This is most dramatically and informatively illustrated by the peculiar “Philadelphia chromosome,” which was first reported in a form of adult leukemia in 19605 and is discussed extensively in later chapters