This document summarizes a research article about proposing a new hypothesis regarding the origin and spread of cancer. It begins by describing how cancer has become a major threat to global health. It then introduces the hypothesis that cancer should be viewed as an invasive parasite that is able to invade the human body, subsist off the host's resources, and spread between humans through transmission in reproductive cells like sperm and eggs. The goal of the research was to present evidence from epidemiology, clinical observations, genetics, and immunology to support this parasitic view of cancer. It describes how cancer would progress through different stages from invasion to transmission in a "circle of life" within the human body.
Main goal of this article is to present more exhaustive information about genetic immunity to cancerous disease. The data about the subsistence of the disease in 125 ethnoses around the World have been analyzed. The groups of most immune and most susceptible ethnoses have been revealed. Causative agent of this disease is a specific eukaryotic genomic parasite, spreading amongst humans via its intrusion in the genomes of susceptible organisms. The Intrusion of cancerous genes is performing by contaminated human gametes, either by the sperm or by the egg. The parasite subsistence of human cancerous disease is functioning at the expense of substances and functions derived from the body of its prey. This trait is cruial for the progression of cancerous disease within a human body but intensive nutrition of developed cancerous tissues leads contaminated person to the loss of his body weight. The subsistence is provided with the possession by cancerous subjects of genetic immunity to the victim’s immune defense and cell regulation. These new notions provide framework and landmarks for the detection and discovery of genomic roots of cancerous disease and encourage new proposals for its healing and prevention, as well as for the discovery of the origin and evolution of cancerous disease.
The first statistical analysis of stomach cancer incidence and mortality was in Italy, in the 18s century. Stomach cancer remains one of the leadings causes of cancer incidence and mortality globally.
Cancer Epidemiology, Risk factors for most common types, mortality, prevention and yeild of cancer prevention. gender, geography, infections, tobacco, environmental riskk factors.
Main goal of this article is to present more exhaustive information about genetic immunity to cancerous disease. The data about the subsistence of the disease in 125 ethnoses around the World have been analyzed. The groups of most immune and most susceptible ethnoses have been revealed. Causative agent of this disease is a specific eukaryotic genomic parasite, spreading amongst humans via its intrusion in the genomes of susceptible organisms. The Intrusion of cancerous genes is performing by contaminated human gametes, either by the sperm or by the egg. The parasite subsistence of human cancerous disease is functioning at the expense of substances and functions derived from the body of its prey. This trait is cruial for the progression of cancerous disease within a human body but intensive nutrition of developed cancerous tissues leads contaminated person to the loss of his body weight. The subsistence is provided with the possession by cancerous subjects of genetic immunity to the victim’s immune defense and cell regulation. These new notions provide framework and landmarks for the detection and discovery of genomic roots of cancerous disease and encourage new proposals for its healing and prevention, as well as for the discovery of the origin and evolution of cancerous disease.
The first statistical analysis of stomach cancer incidence and mortality was in Italy, in the 18s century. Stomach cancer remains one of the leadings causes of cancer incidence and mortality globally.
Cancer Epidemiology, Risk factors for most common types, mortality, prevention and yeild of cancer prevention. gender, geography, infections, tobacco, environmental riskk factors.
The 1st Annual Scientific Meeting of the Middle-Eastern Association for Cancer Research (MEACR) that will be held in Tanta University, Egypt from 27-29/2011. The conference will discuss the recent research in cancer research from bench to clinic. For more information, contact: Dr. Mohamed Labib Salem (PhD), Prof. of Immunology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Egypt. Cell phone: +20-017-427 2624, e-mail: mohamed.labib@science.tanta.edu.eg
Awareness about Intestinal Cancer in University Student_Crimson PublishersCrimsonpublishersCancer
Cancer is a disease which is caused by the uncontrolled growth of cells. The cancer stem cells suggest that the clones are obtained by the sub population of cells showing diverse cancer cells phenotypically. First possible cancer stem cells are seen in leukemia, brain tumors and breast cancer. The gastrointestinal cancer becoming the major causes of deaths in the world. A questionnaire was developed and it is distributed among the students of class to determine the ideas and awareness of this disease. Questionnaires contain 15 different types of question regarding the disease. 39 students taken from the Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan. All the students are post graduated and the results show that all of them have awareness from this disease.
Association between ABO Blood Group and Various Types of Cancer: A Case–Contr...asclepiuspdfs
Introduction: The association between ABO blood group and cancer has been identified in many epidemiological researches. The aim of the current research was to investigate the association between ABO blood group and the risk of several types of cancer in a Greek adult population. Materials and Methods: A total of 459 individuals who suffered from various types of cancer and 918 non-cancer individuals were enrolled. Blood group data obtained from registration on identity patient’s card. The associations between ABO blood group and cancer estimated using a multivariate logistic regression analysis model, whereas a multinomial model was carried out to estimate adjusted odds ratios for each type of cancer separately. Results: The risk of overall cancer in blood groups A and B individuals was significantly higher than that in O and AB groups, (P = 0.001, OR = 1.96, 95%CI = 1.33–2.87, and P ≤ 0.0001, OR = 2.04 95% CI=1.43–2.90, respectively). Compared to blood type O, blood type A was significantly associated with an increased risk of gastric (P = 0.002, OR = 2.55, 95% CI = 0.55–4.30), colorectal (P = 0.046, OR = 2.06, 95%CI = 0.82–2.58), pancreatic (P = 0.034, OR = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.02–2.83), and lung cancer (LC) (P = 0.022, OR = 2.78, 95% CI = 1.63–5.49), whereas blood type B was significantly associated with an increased risk of esophagus cancer (P = 0.051, OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 0.83–1.50), after adjusting for age, gender, educational and socio-economic status, smoking, and family history of cancer. Conclusion: The overall cancer risk in blood groups A and B individuals was significantly higher compared to blood type O and AB, whereas blood type A was significantly associated with an increased risk of gastric, colorectal, pancreatic, and LC.
US Ethnicity and Cancer, Learning from the World (B Blauvelt Innovara)Innovara, Inc.
A presentation on cancer and ethnicity in the United States, and how the US can learn from other countries in regards to cancer control. - by Barri Blauvelt, CEO, Innovara, Inc.
Are we Still Missing the Target in Trying to Prevent and Treat Human Cancers?...CrimsonpublishersCancer
Solving the problem of preventing or treating cancers is still a major problem. While much is known about those multi-disciplinary contributors to the initiation, promotion and progression phases of human cancers, major hurdles to efficacious prevention and treatment involve, while recognizing that there are many known factors that can influence human carcinogenesis, little integration of this knowledge has been used. This brief “Opinion” paper hypothesizes that, by recognizing the multi-stage, multi-mechanism process of carcinogenesis, the roles of organ-specific adult stem cells as the “targets for two types of “cancer stem cells”, and new strategies for nutritional /dietary intervention, could help in the prevention of early susceptibility for cancers later in life, as well as for treatment for the two very different “cancer stem cells”. “In this light, a new perspective for therapeutic intervention by directing differentiation and restoring communications between cancer cells is certainly relevant, and the example of gap junctions is illuminating” .
The 1st Annual Scientific Meeting of the Middle-Eastern Association for Cancer Research (MEACR) that will be held in Tanta University, Egypt from 27-29/2011. The conference will discuss the recent research in cancer research from bench to clinic. For more information, contact: Dr. Mohamed Labib Salem (PhD), Prof. of Immunology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Egypt. Cell phone: +20-017-427 2624, e-mail: mohamed.labib@science.tanta.edu.eg
Awareness about Intestinal Cancer in University Student_Crimson PublishersCrimsonpublishersCancer
Cancer is a disease which is caused by the uncontrolled growth of cells. The cancer stem cells suggest that the clones are obtained by the sub population of cells showing diverse cancer cells phenotypically. First possible cancer stem cells are seen in leukemia, brain tumors and breast cancer. The gastrointestinal cancer becoming the major causes of deaths in the world. A questionnaire was developed and it is distributed among the students of class to determine the ideas and awareness of this disease. Questionnaires contain 15 different types of question regarding the disease. 39 students taken from the Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan. All the students are post graduated and the results show that all of them have awareness from this disease.
Association between ABO Blood Group and Various Types of Cancer: A Case–Contr...asclepiuspdfs
Introduction: The association between ABO blood group and cancer has been identified in many epidemiological researches. The aim of the current research was to investigate the association between ABO blood group and the risk of several types of cancer in a Greek adult population. Materials and Methods: A total of 459 individuals who suffered from various types of cancer and 918 non-cancer individuals were enrolled. Blood group data obtained from registration on identity patient’s card. The associations between ABO blood group and cancer estimated using a multivariate logistic regression analysis model, whereas a multinomial model was carried out to estimate adjusted odds ratios for each type of cancer separately. Results: The risk of overall cancer in blood groups A and B individuals was significantly higher than that in O and AB groups, (P = 0.001, OR = 1.96, 95%CI = 1.33–2.87, and P ≤ 0.0001, OR = 2.04 95% CI=1.43–2.90, respectively). Compared to blood type O, blood type A was significantly associated with an increased risk of gastric (P = 0.002, OR = 2.55, 95% CI = 0.55–4.30), colorectal (P = 0.046, OR = 2.06, 95%CI = 0.82–2.58), pancreatic (P = 0.034, OR = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.02–2.83), and lung cancer (LC) (P = 0.022, OR = 2.78, 95% CI = 1.63–5.49), whereas blood type B was significantly associated with an increased risk of esophagus cancer (P = 0.051, OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 0.83–1.50), after adjusting for age, gender, educational and socio-economic status, smoking, and family history of cancer. Conclusion: The overall cancer risk in blood groups A and B individuals was significantly higher compared to blood type O and AB, whereas blood type A was significantly associated with an increased risk of gastric, colorectal, pancreatic, and LC.
US Ethnicity and Cancer, Learning from the World (B Blauvelt Innovara)Innovara, Inc.
A presentation on cancer and ethnicity in the United States, and how the US can learn from other countries in regards to cancer control. - by Barri Blauvelt, CEO, Innovara, Inc.
Are we Still Missing the Target in Trying to Prevent and Treat Human Cancers?...CrimsonpublishersCancer
Solving the problem of preventing or treating cancers is still a major problem. While much is known about those multi-disciplinary contributors to the initiation, promotion and progression phases of human cancers, major hurdles to efficacious prevention and treatment involve, while recognizing that there are many known factors that can influence human carcinogenesis, little integration of this knowledge has been used. This brief “Opinion” paper hypothesizes that, by recognizing the multi-stage, multi-mechanism process of carcinogenesis, the roles of organ-specific adult stem cells as the “targets for two types of “cancer stem cells”, and new strategies for nutritional /dietary intervention, could help in the prevention of early susceptibility for cancers later in life, as well as for treatment for the two very different “cancer stem cells”. “In this light, a new perspective for therapeutic intervention by directing differentiation and restoring communications between cancer cells is certainly relevant, and the example of gap junctions is illuminating” .
Improvisation of Conventional Techniques: The Future of Oncology Researchasclepiuspdfs
Since the past 2 ½ months, the medical science has been experiencing a paradigm shift with the monumental effects of the ongoing global pandemics, irrespective of the geographical periphery, ethnicity, and races. However, within this global crisis, we might lose the focus on another deadly foe of humankind, taking millions of lives for the last few centuries, that is, none other than cancer. The scientific fraternity across the world has been thoroughly intervening in the various wings of cancer research to secure the best possible outcome. Off late, a cascade of improvised tools has been taken into consideration in cancer research. In this paper, two of the most innovative protocols have been discussed those might be the potential boom in future oncology research if the mentioned methods could be implemented with proper vigilance, realistic outcome, and off course patience.
Cancer clinic
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Introduction to Cancer Epidemiology and CarcinogenesisPUBH 6.docxbagotjesusa
Introduction to Cancer Epidemiology and Carcinogenesis
PUBH 6550/8550
Chronic Disease Epidemiology
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Cancer is a term describing malignant diseases. Cancer should not be thought of as a single disease but rather a group of diseases which may have many characteristics in common but not necessarily the same causative agents, etiology or molecular profiles. In general, cancer defines diseases that have the capacity to invade surrounding normal tissue, metastasize (spread to distant sites) and kill the host in which it originates.
Objectives
What is the definition of cancer?
Benign vs. Malignant
Most common cancer types in men and women
Learn how to obtain cancer-related data using Internet sources
Understand cancer staging
Understand the basics of how carcinogenesis occurs
Describe inherited cancer syndromes
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Causation and Cancer
Examples of Identified Causes and
Future Efforts in Cancer Prevention
Tobacco use and lung cancer
Infectious agents (e.g., HPV) and cervical cancer
Ionizing radiation and leukemia
Designation of a risk factor as “causal” has been the starting point for initiating cancer prevention programs based on reducing exposure to the risk factor
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The concept of causation has long had a central role in the application of epidemiologic evidence for controlling cancer. Designation of a risk factor as “causal” has been the starting point for initiating cancer prevention programs based on reducing exposure to the risk factor. Though the concept of causation remains a matter of continuing discussion, use of the term in public health implies that the evidence supporting causality of association has reached a critical threshold of certainty and that reduced exposure can be expected to be followed by reduced disease occurrence. In other words, if there is “enough” evidence supporting a particular risk factor (or a preventive or prognostic factor), it seems to be considered ‘causal’. Keep in mind, though, that risk factor is the most proper term.
What is cancer?
Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. If the spread is not controlled, it can result in death.
Characteristics: Abnormality, Uncontrollability, invasiveness
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According to the American Cancer Society (ACS), cancer is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. If the spread is not controlled, it can result in death. Although cancer is often referred to as a single condition, it actually consists of more than 100 different diseases. These diseases are characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. Cancer can arise in many sites and behave differently depending on its organ of origin. Breast cancer, for example, has different characteristics than lung cancer. It is important to understand that cancer originating in one body organ takes its characteristics with it even if it spreads to another part of the body. For example, metastatic br.
On the cancer of wild animals somayeh zaminpira - sorush niknamianbanafsheh61
Cancer affects all animals containing eukaryotic cells. Less is known about the cancers that affect wild animals, since they move around and may not be easily observed for a long period of time. This review about cancers in wild animals may have useful data for the study of human cancers as well. Certain cancers in dinosaurs show that this metabolic disease is primitive and may have been around since the beginning of the multicellular organisms.
“The data presented here and in the literature are consistent with the hypothesis that at least one cancer, retinoblastoma, can be caused by two mutations…. One of these mutations may be inherited as a result of a previous germinal mutation…. Those patients that inherit one mutation develop tumors earlier than do those who develop the nonhereditary form of the disease; in a majority of cases those who inherit a mutation develop more than one tumor.
Ultrasound Technology as a Novel Treatment Strategy in Pancreatic Cancer_Crim...CrimsonpublishersCancer
Adenocarcinoma of the pancreas (PDAC) accounts for 2.4% of all cancers diagnosed and is the fourth leading cause of cancer death, with almost equal rates of incidence and mortality [1]. By 2030, pancreatic cancer is projected to be the second leading cause of cancer-related death [2], surpassing breast, prostate and colorectal cancer. The overall survival at 5 years of around 7.2% as the majority of patients present with advanced disease at diagnosis. Patients with localized disease are treated with surgery, with or without neoadjuvant chemotherapy/ radiotherapy, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. The majority (around 80%) of patients are treated only with chemotherapy as they have an advanced disease. Patients are treated in the first line with gemcitabine-abraxane or Folfirinox and with Naliri plus 5FU in the second line. There have been few clinical advances in PDAC treatment over the last 20 years and chemotherapy is the only treatment option available for the majority of patients. These tumours are also resistant to many targeted therapies such as anti-EGFR therapy like cetuximab [3] due to the presence of a KRAS mutation in the majority of primary tumors. Personalized medicine strategies have not yet been established in pancreatic cancer as in other more common tumour types. Thus, novel anti-tumour strategies are an important clinical need in order to improve survival rates.
Advances in the Management of Cancer by Natural Products: An OverviewBRNSSPublicationHubI
Drugs derived from natural origin are often derived from medicinal plants. The extract thus obtained may be from a single plant or polyherbal, that is, a combination of botanical extracts that are assumed to have additive or synergistic effects, although some antagonistic action has also been reported. It is documented that the majority of terrestrial and marine plants have still not been fully explored regarding their prophylactic or therapeutic properties. As per the guidelines of the Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals and Institutional Animal Ethics Committee, in the absence of preliminary toxicity or activity data, the direct use of experimental animals in sacrificial/painful models is also not fully justified. A cell line is defined as a permanently established cell culture that will proliferate indefinitely when given an appropriate fresh medium and space. Cell lines consist of cells with a uniform genetic makeup because they developed from a single cell and their subsequent growth occurs in a favorable artificial media or environment.
Herbal Medicine for Cancer Treatment: Main Force or Supplement_Crimson Publis...CrimsonpublishersCancer
The Estimated numbers of new cancer cases and deaths in 2020 will be an estimated. 1.8 million new cancer cases diagnosed and 606,520 cancer deaths in the United States and there were 17 million new cases of cancer worldwide in 2018 [1]. The four most common cancers occurring worldwide are lung, female breast, bowel and prostate. A person’s risk of developing cancer depends on different factors, including age, genetics, and exposure to some potentially known carcinogens and those which are believed to be carcinogenic. Some avoidable lifestyle factors including smoking can increase cancer risk. However, cancer risk factors are similar worldwide. Insufficient exercise, alcohol, imbalanced diet, and obesity, and various infections account for a considerable proportion of cancers worldwide. Prevalence of any one of the risk factors varies in different ethnic groups and can vary by region and country, which contributes to variation of cancer incidence rates of the common types of cancer worldwide.
This PDF provides the majority of my slides from the statewide Minnesota Cancer Summit from February 28, 2019. The presentation focuses on Clinical Cancer Advances as published and released by consensus expert panels from The American Society of Clinical Oncology (@ASCO).
Similar to Parasite Subsistence of Human Cancer_Crimson Publishers (20)
The Role of Cyclin-Dependent Kinases on the Metastasis of Breast Cancer-Crims...CrimsonpublishersCancer
Cyclin-Dependent kinases (CDKs) function in mitosis by allowing the cycle to progress from one stage to another due to their properties as a family of protein kinases. Because of this function, abnormalities with CDKs can lead to uncontrolled cell division, leading to diseases such as cancer. Breast cancer is one form of cancer in which CDKs are a prevalent area of study. The role CDKs play in controlling and coordinating cell division makes it an important process to understand in breast cancer and, specifically, the metastasis of breast cancer. Lack of controlled CDK function could allow the cancer to spread to other parts of the body, leading to metastasis. Inhibiting CDK activity is an area of interest in searching for ways to treat breast cancer, especially once it has spread to the point where tumors cannot be surgically removed. Investigating these pathways and the effects of CDK inhibition on breast cancer cells has revealed much on the reestablishment of cell cycle control, which consequently leads to control of the cancer. This could be an effective form of non-localized treatment against metastatic cancer that is able to target specific cells throughout the body.
Prevalence of Gallbladder Cancer in Arsenic Endemic Areas-Crimson PublishersCrimsonpublishersCancer
Association between exposure to high arsenic content and gallbladder cancer is scanty. Few reports suggest that the incidence of gallbladder cancer is high along the Indo-Gangetic belt. Inflammation, which is a causative factor for gallbladder carcinoma can be induced by arsenic. Prognosis of gallbladder cancer is poor. Therefore, it is worthwhile to find a correlation between arsenic exposure and its incidence to identify a population who are at high risk category.
Methods, Challenges and Future Directions of Radiogenomics-Crimson PublishersCrimsonpublishersCancer
Tissue response to the radiation is a complex pathophysiological process and is an inherited polygenic trait. Aim of the Radiogenomics studies is to discover related genetic variants that confer tumor or nontumor tissue radio sensitivity as the target of radio-sensitizing and/or radio-protective agents and to identify specific genetic markers for prognosis or risk prediction. The methods for radiogenomics studies include candidate gene approaches, genome-wide association studies, Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), epigenetic study, and other methods. The future direction of radiogenomics should be the development of the polygenic risk scores that are incorporated into end point-specific clinical models/nomograms.
Versatility of Amantadine and Rimantadine for Detection of Cancer_Crimson Pub...CrimsonpublishersCancer
Globally, an estimated 9.6 million people died from different types of cancer in 2017; in other words, every sixth death in the world was due to cancer, second only to cardiovascular diseases. The total number of cancer deaths continues to increase. In fact, by 2030, the global burden of cancer is expected to be 21.7 million new cases and 13 million cancer deaths [1]. On Feb 4 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) stated the need to step up cancer services in low and middle-income countries. WHO warned that, if current trends continue, the world will see a 60% increase in cancer cases over the next two decades. The greatest increase (an estimated 81%) in new cases will occur in low- and middle-income countries, where survival rates are currently the lowest [2]. Early detection and diagnosis of cancer can lead to timely therapeutic/surgical interventions that can increase the chances of survival.
A Novel Eclectic Approach for Cancer Therapy with Liquid Knife & Immuno Thera...CrimsonpublishersCancer
Recent years cancer immunological therapy is getting very popular and many new drug have been approved by FDA like PD1 and PDl-1, however, in clinical practice of cancer treatment, it looks very limited efficacy for advanced cancer, so that physician started to use comprehensive plan by combination chemotherapy with PD1 as a novel strategy with a better clinical benefit. Since chemotherapy and radiation therapy always produce the side effect like loss hair, vomit and neutropenia, and surgery is limited for many later stages of cancers, also surgery damages body shapes with functions, esophageal cancer was removed with reconstruction and put stomach into chest and stomach never has normal function; a lot of cases showed surgery can’t be performed because tumor location in special site, like tumor location in posterior vaginal wall or vaginal carnal, surgery just is not allowed to do the procedure, if remove the tumor in these location, it will make a hole to connect to the rectal. Because of the extremely toxic side effects, many cancer patients cannot be successfully completed a surgery or a complete course of chemotherapy or radiation therapy, and some cases even die from the side effects of surgery or chemotherapy or radiation therapy due to a patient’s poor tolerance.
Critical Remarks to Endoscopic Surgery for Endometrial Cancer and Sarcoma, Ce...CrimsonpublishersCancer
While endoscopic gynecological surgery as laparoscopy and hysteroscopy in all its variations of skills, like with single port entry, multiple port entry, conventional or robotically assisted has been universally completely accepted by the medical and patient community this is not at all yet a reality in oncological indications [1]. The article reviews the reality reality of Endoscopic surgery and its application in Gynecological Malignancy diagnosis and treatment focusing endometrial sarcoma, cervical and ovarian cancer.
The Hedgehog (Hh) signal transduction pathway is involved in diverse physiological processes such as cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, embryonic development, and fetal determination. Perturbations in this pathway leading to its aberrant activation have been implicated in various cancers including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). AML is a highly complex hematological malignancy resulting due to accumulation of abnormal myeloblasts in the bone marrow leading to bone marrow failure and ultimately death. Recently, the role of hedgehog signaling in AML pathogenesis has been uncovered and thus pharmacological targeting of the hedgehog pathway in AML has become a prime therapeutic option. In this mini-review, we highlight the role of the hedgehog pathway in AML and review the latest drugs as well as possible Hh targets in treating AML.
Treatment of Brain Metastases Using the Current Predictive Models: Is the Pro...CrimsonpublishersCancer
Brain metastases from solid tumours are the most common intracranial tumours [1] and it occur in 40% of patients with cancer [2]. The most common primary tumours that metastasize to the brain are lung(40%),breast (25%) and melanoma (20%) [3]. The incidence is expected to be on the increase, due to improved survival, with use of modern cytotoxic drugs, targeted therapy, immunotherapy and modern radiotherapy techniques, in addition to greater use of magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. Brain metastases are common in the elderly, defined as above 60 years [4], and the interval between diagnosis of the primary and the development of brain metastases is variable, however some reported an average of 19 months [5] and adenocarcinoma is the commonest histology that metastasizes to the brain [6].
Oxidative stress has increasingly been considered a factor in numerous diseases and cancers because of its extensive presence throughout the body. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), generated continuously from oxidative phosphorylation and received from various exogenous sources, are constantly used as a key molecule for signal transduction, but under conditions of oxidative stress, when they can no longer be suppressed, they have the potential to damage the cell’s DNA. In many cases, repair mechanisms mitigate the damage, and if the damage becomes irreparable, then the cell will undergo apoptosis. In rare cases, though, DNA can get damaged to a point where the cell becomes cancerous and can eventually form a tumor. While ROS often take a significant amount of time to accumulate, once they have done so and are unable to be suppressed by cellular countermeasures, it is very likely for DNA damage to occur, and in cancerous cells, they actually enhance rapid proliferation, chronic inflammation, metastasis, and angiogenesis. This is why it is necessary to boost or introduce cellular countermeasures to mitigate the dangers of ROS. Current research on oxidative stress is mainly focusing on the benefits of antioxidants, which are commonly used by the cell to reduce ROS, and triggering apoptosis in tumors through enhanced oxidative stress conditions. This review will discuss the role of oxidative stress in tumorigenesis and cancer proliferation as well as the possible treatments, especially antioxidants and ROS-inducing drugs.
Cholangiocarcinoma occur in cholangiocytes, either in the intrahepatic, peri-hilar or distal bile duct locations. The three, command distinct attention due to difference in presentation and management. The current 5 years survival for localized intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is estimated to be at 24%. With the advent of molecular diagnostics and targeted therapy the field has seen some changes. Surgical resection is still the mainstay of therapy, although transplantation has been proposed in selected patients that have shown disease stability. Localized therapy for intra-hepatic and hilar tumors with neoadjuvant chemotherapy has also been used with some success for smaller tumors.
The Immunosuppressive Significance of Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Blood Level...CrimsonpublishersCancer
In addition to the well-known negative prognostic significance of the abnormally high blood levels of lactate dehydrogenase LDH in most neoplasms, more recently it has been shown that the evidence of abnormally low values of lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) may also predict a poor prognosis in human tumors. On these bases, a preliminary study was carried out to evaluate which relationship may occur between LMR and LDH levels in metastatic cancer patients. The study included 100 metastatic solid tumor patients. Breast, lung and gastrointestinal tract tumors were the neoplasms most frequent in our patients. Patients with high LDH levels showed significantly lower values of LMR. Since the occurrence of low LMR values is the expression of an immunosuppressive status, the association between LDH high levels and low LMR values would suggest that LDH may predict a poor prognosis in metastatic cancer not only by reflecting tumor extension, but also for its potential immunosuppressive status.
The Role of MicroRNAs in the Progression, Prognostication, and Treatment of B...CrimsonpublishersCancer
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are conserved, small, non-coding RNA molecules, which recently have attracted enormous attention in numerous physiological and pathological conditions. Several studies have shed light on their biogenesis, regulatory mechanisms, and role as effective therapies in diseased conditions. Of interest, miRNA deregulation in numerous cancer types has been researched as potential diagnostic and prognostic tool. Breast cancer (BCa) is the most predominant tumor in women and the main cause of death. Despite advances in diagnosis and new treatments, the death toll from this disease is still higher than many other types of cancer in men and women. A major global health issue plaguing the health and clinical research industry is resistance to BCa treatments. A lot of attention is increasingly directed towards miRNAs as a potential predictor’s response to treatments and as an alternative therapy to BCa treatment. Increasing evidence reveals a fundamental role miRNA plays in cancer development, progression, and treatment. Repeated findings have reinforced evidence of miRNA modulations in breast cancer cells by their effects in cell migration and invasion. Recently, miRNAs have been described as a diagnostic and prognostic tool, which offers promises as biomarkers for advancement of non-invasive and precise methods for screening tumor growth and progression. This review summarizes an overview of miRNA in breast cancer growth and progression, recent applications as biomarkers in a clinical setting in this type of cancers.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has always been a difficult medical problem for the increasing mortality rate. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth-leading cause of cancer related deaths worldwide [1] and is considered as a highly refractory cancer. Surgery is the most effective treatment to HCC, but HCC is resistant to conventional chemotherapy. In recent years, immunotherapy has been attracting growing attention as a promising therapeutic method to HCC. Immunotherapies to HCC including chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T), immune checkpoint inhibitor and oncolytic virus have become research hotspots.
Chordoid gliomas are low grade tumors which are most commonly seen in women and in the adult population. Clinical signs and symptoms of these tumors are mostly related to hydrocephalus which is obstructive in nature. Headache, nausea, visual disturbances, imbalances in the endocrine system and autonomic dysfunction can be seen in these tumors. MRI with contrast is the best diagnostic imaging method for such tumors. The best treatment method for such tumors would be complete surgical resection. In case of incomplete resection, the prognosis can be poorer in comparison with complete surgical resection.
Targeting Tumor Metabolism in Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery_Crimson PublishersCrimsonpublishersCancer
Cancer cells have evolved to develop sets of survival strategies to enable them not only to survive and ward off apoptosis-inducing effects of most chemotherapeutic drugs in current use but also proliferate and invade their surrounding healthy tissue. In the 1920’s, based on his pioneering research, Warburg hypothesized cancer cells rely on glycolysis for energy production to sustain their growth because their mitochondrial metabolism is dysfunctional. This review focuses on the current advances in cancer cell metabolism as a result of the recent resurgence of interests in the “Warburg hypothesis” (also called “Warburg effect”) and discusses how these advances have revealed potential anti-cancer drug targets. Additionally, we will also discuss metabolic pathways that are critically coupled to cancer cell survival and proliferation, thereby uncovering other putative anti-cancer drug targets for therapeutic consideration. Thus, we hope to provide a forward-looking framework for discussing and designing new anti-cancer therapies.
Molecular Detection of Epstein Barr Virus, Human Papilloma Virus Types 16,18 ...CrimsonpublishersCancer
Breast cancer is the most common among female, constituting about 18% of all female cancers, with 1.7 million new cases reported in the world each year. Recently some studies reported that approximately 18% of cancer cases can be linked to infectious agents including viruses particularly Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and Epstein Barr virus (EBV).
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) prostate cancer is the second cause of cancer death in men worldwide [1,2]. Some advanced prostate cancers have well known symptoms. However non-cancerous diseases of the prostate, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) cause same symptoms. On the other hand, at very early stages, prostate cancer has no symptoms, the tumor dimension is quite small, and it is extremely difficult to detect it. If prostate cancer is detected at an early stage, it can be successfully cured by different methods. At the later stages, treatment or surgery has very low efficiency. Prostate cancer can often be found by measuring the amount of PSA in the blood. Most healthy men have levels under 4 nano-grams per milliliter (ng/mL) of blood. When prostate cancer develops, the PSA level usually goes above 4. However, for determination of the existence of cancer, some additional methods are used: for example: PSA velocity [3,4] and/or PSA density. Besides, measurement of the ratio of free to total PSA is additional tool in prostate cancer diagnosis [5]. However, the major drawback of PSA determination is its relative lack of specificity. The PSA level can also be increased by benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) - a noncancerous enlargement of the prostate, prostatitis, etc.
The Evolution of Future Medicine - WE Medicine - To Meet Unmet Medical Needs_...CrimsonpublishersCancer
The medicines needed today are not just for the treatment of disease, but for the treatment of the whole person across his or her lifetime - from disease prevention to disease progression, modulating the efficacy and safety of other medicines, and improving quality of life.
Currently many pharmaceutical and biotech companies are focusing primarily on the treatment versus the prevention of disease, with the exception of developing vaccines against infectious agents as preventative measurement. Developing small molecule medicines still largely applies a reductionist approach focused on a particular target and developing selective and potent chemicals aimed at it. The advancement of knowledge and modern technologies has facilitated the reductionist approach and led to the discovery of a few interesting target- oriented drugs with varying degrees of success, however this approach has not been satisfactory for the treatment of more complex, heterogeneous diseases which are often associated with the aging process [1]. It is recognized that the selected target in most cases is not only important for the pathogenesis of disease, but also plays an important role in the normal functions of the body. With highly potent chemicals used on long term basis, toxicity in normal tissues will often evolve.
A Strange Association Between A Rectum- Infiltrating / Metastatic Dedifferent...CrimsonpublishersCancer
A 57-year-old Caucasian woman, presented to our Endoscopy Unit, complaining several episodes of rectal bleeding during the last 2 weeks, associated with lower abdominal and back pain, mild weight loss and asthenia. On presentation, the patient was hemodynamically stable. Her laboratory tests showed normocytic anemia of 10g/dL, increase of creatine chinase of 264U/L, and mild hypopotassemia (3.4 mEq/l). Moreover, she reported a family history for gastric cancer (father), and she was surveilled by our Oncological center for a recurrent neoplastic disease and for a systemic autoimmune disease, for many years stable under treatment with cycles of radiotherapy, imatinib mesylate, steroids, levothyroxine, and semestral zoledronic acid. After she underwent flexible sigmoidoscopy, a bulky ulcerated rectal mass, of suspected extraparietal origin, was revealed in (Figure 1) and (Figure 2). Multiple random biopsies were obtained from the normal mucosa as well as separately from the ulcers.
T cell Immune Pathways Current and Future Implementation in Cancer Immunother...CrimsonpublishersCancer
T cells are central players in cancer immune response. The discovery of T cell immune pathways has revealed several inhibitory and stimulatory pathways that affect the differentiation and activation of T cell. Theses pathways represent ideal candidates that can be targeted to augment in-vivo. T cell immune response against tumors. In this mini review we will try to reveal some inhibitory and stimulatory T cell immune pathways to which efforts of those interested in cancer immunotherapy can be directed.
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This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
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Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
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Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.