Presentation by Pita Verweij and Rosalien Jezeer at “Presentation by Mike Parr at “Putting pledges into practice in Latin America – an early assessment of Initiative 20×20 from science, policy and finance perspectives” Discussion Forum on the second day of the Global Landscapes Forum 2015, in Paris, France alongside COP21. For more information go to: www.landscapes.org.” Discussion Forum on the first day of the Global Landscapes Forum 2015, in Paris, France alongside COP21. For more information go to: www.landscapes.org.

1. Faculty of Geosciences
Shade grown coffee
Double dividend for biodiversity and small-scale
farmers in Peru
Pita Verweij
& Rosalien Jezeer
Utrecht University,
Copernicus Institute
of Sustainable Development

2. Faculty of Geosciences
Research on biodiversity-friendly business
Small to medium scale enterprises in the
global South:
 can generate biodiversity benefits
 and socio-economic benefits
 There is a business case for biodiversity-
friendly enterprises
Research into agro-commodity chains:
oil palm, soy, sugarcane, cocoa
 How to safeguard biodiversity in these
chains

3. Faculty of Geosciences
Local development & conservation
Conversion of shade-grown coffee into
full-sun monoculture is a worldwide trend
• Assumption of higher productivity, better
economic performance
• A fair comparison of both systems requires
full cost-benefit analysis
Objective of our study:
Gain more insight into the business case of
shaded coffee systems and its relation with
biodiversity performance

4. Faculty of Geosciences
Case study:
Coffee systems in Peru
Economic performance
• Productivity
• Costs & benefits
• Labor
Farmer surveys (n=154)
Biodiversity and ecosystem services
• Vegetation
• Butterflies
• Carbon, micro-climate, soil
Fieldwork measurements (n=49)
Landscape characteristics
• Relations with forest
• Infrastructure
GIS analysis
Local expert workshops
Protected area
Deforestation 2001-2012
Deforestation < 2001

5. Faculty of Geosciences
Economic performance: costs
Conventional Agroforestry
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800 Labor costs (€/ha)

6. Faculty of Geosciences
Costs: labor and inputs
Conventional Agroforestry
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800 Labor, family
Labor, hired
Conventional Agroforestry
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500 Fertilizer, input
Pest Control, input
Weed control input
Equipment
Land

7. Faculty of Geosciences
Costs: labor and inputs
Conventional Agroforestry
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800 Labor, family
Labor, Hired
Conventional Agroforestry
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500 Fertilizer, input
Pest Control, input
Weed control input
Equipment
Land

8. Faculty of Geosciences
Benefits - income from other products
€ 122,48 /ha per
year
Conventional
€ 646,67 /ha
per year
Agroforestry
• Fruits, firewood,
livestock, timber
• Timber has large
potential

9. Faculty of Geosciences
Net revenue
Conventional Agroforestry
€-
€500
€1,000
€1,500
€2,000
Income outside
farm
Timber
Livestock
Firewood
Platano and
Yuca
Coffee income
Income(€/year)
• Coffee yield not a comprehensive indicator
• Quality
• Market access
• Certification

10. Faculty of Geosciences
Net revenue
Conventional Agroforestry
€-
€500
€1,000
€1,500
€2,000
Income outside
farm
Timber
Livestock
Firewood
Platano and
Yuca
Coffee income
Income(€/year)
• Coffee yield not a comprehensive indicator
• Quality
• Market acces
• Certification
• Diversification

11. Faculty of Geosciences
Net revenue
Conventional Agroforestry
€-
€500
€1,000
€1,500
€2,000
Income outside
farm
Timber
Livestock
Firewood
Platano and
Yuca
Coffee income
Income(€/year)
• Coffee yield not a comprehensive indicator
• Quality
• Market acces
• Certification
• Diversification
• Timber revenues

12. Faculty of Geosciences
Butterfly species richness
Conventional Agroforestry Forest
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Unidentified
Open habitat,
generalists
Forest habitat
specialists
butterflyspeciesrichness

13. Faculty of Geosciences
Butterfly species richness
Conventional Agroforestry Forest
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Unidentified
Open habitat,
generalists
Forest habitat
specialists
butterflyspeciesrichness

14. Faculty of Geosciences
Ecosystem services
Biodiversity
↓ ↑Carbon stocks
Micro-climate control
Nutrients: soil nitrogen content

15. Faculty of Geosciences
Key insights
Improved productivity and diversification of income
Market access
 For coffee, but also other products
 Certification
Enabling environment
 Technical assistance
 Incentives
Ecosystem Services
 Resilience to pests and diseases
 Climate mitigation & adaptation

16. Faculty of Geosciences
Though many challenges ahead:
Coffee agroforestry does provide a double dividend for
farmers and nature
Contact: Pita Verweij and Rosalien Jezeer
P.A.Verweij@uu.nl R.E.Jezeer@uu.nl
Evidence for the agroforestry
business case

17. Faculty of Geosciences
Less pest incidence with higher forest
cover within a radius of 1 km
Landscape level
Mitigation of pests and
diseases:
Transfer of knowledge,
technical assistance and
awareness raising

18. Faculty of Geosciences
Other ecosystem services
Conventional Shaded organic Forest
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Carbon sequestration
Carbon(T/ha)

19. Faculty of Geosciences
Micro-climate control
Conventional Shaded Organic
24
24.5
25
25.5
26
26.5
27
27.5
28
Air temperature (°C)
Conventional Shaded Organic
68
70
72
74
76
78
80
82
Air humidity (%)

20. Faculty of Geosciences
Synthesis Results
Coffee yield ++ +
Income from other products +/- ++
Costs - +
Net income +/- +/-
Net income + timber +/- ++
Biodiversity - ++
Other ES - +