Canadian ov minus

DEVELOPMENT OF TASKDEVELOPMENT OF TASK
RELATED PHYSICAL FITNESSRELATED PHYSICAL FITNESS
MAINTENANCE STANDARDS ANDMAINTENANCE STANDARDS AND
PROGRAMS FOR THE CFPROGRAMS FOR THE CF
A Presentation To TheA Presentation To The
MinisterMinister’’s Advisory Boards Advisory Board
on Gender Integration and Employment Equityon Gender Integration and Employment Equity
byby
Dr. Wayne Lee PhD, PFLCDr. Wayne Lee PhD, PFLC
Canadian Forces National Physical Fitness ManagerCanadian Forces National Physical Fitness Manager
9 August 999 August 99

PROGRAM DELIVERYPROGRAM DELIVERY
AND SUPPORTAND SUPPORT
Program Administration and SupportProgram Administration and Support
Individual and Group Training MaterialsIndividual and Group Training Materials
Instructor Training MaterialsInstructor Training Materials
Communication PackagesCommunication Packages
Equipment and Facility SupportEquipment and Facility Support
Personnel SupportPersonnel Support
R&D - STANDARDS AND PROGRAMSR&D - STANDARDS AND PROGRAMS

DPE MANDATEDPE MANDATE
Physical Fitness AndPhysical Fitness And
Education ProgramsEducation Programs
POLICY -POLICY - who what when where why howwho what when where why how
PLANS -PLANS - personnel and facilities -personnel and facilities -
Finding the ResourcesFinding the Resources
PROGRAMS -PROGRAMS - STANDARDS AND PROGRAMMINGSTANDARDS AND PROGRAMMING
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENTRESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

TheThe AimAim of CF Physical Fitnessof CF Physical Fitness
Standards and Programs is:Standards and Programs is:
TO PROMOTE PHYSICALTO PROMOTE PHYSICAL
FITNESS, AND A PHYSICALLYFITNESS, AND A PHYSICALLY
ACTIVE LIFESTYLE THAT WILLACTIVE LIFESTYLE THAT WILL
HAVE A POSITIVE INFLUENCEHAVE A POSITIVE INFLUENCE
ON JOBON JOB PERFORMANCE,PERFORMANCE,
HEALTH AND WELLNESSHEALTH AND WELLNESS

HISTORY OF PHYSICALHISTORY OF PHYSICAL
FITNESS TESTS IN THEFITNESS TESTS IN THE
CFCF
Prior to 1972Prior to 1972 -- walk, run, muscular strengthwalk, run, muscular strength
endurance and flexibility motor skill tests. Notendurance and flexibility motor skill tests. Not
related to work requirements, poorly receivedrelated to work requirements, poorly received
1972-19831972-1983 -- 1.5 mile run with age and gender1.5 mile run with age and gender
standards based on Cooperstandards based on Cooper’’s work with musculars work with muscular
strength and endurance activities, motor skill tasks.strength and endurance activities, motor skill tasks.
Not related to work requirements.Not related to work requirements.
Normative Referenced ApproachNormative Referenced Approach

CONSIDERATIONSCONSIDERATIONS
in developing standardsin developing standards
HistoryHistory
LegislationLegislation
ScienceScience
Human Rights PolicyHuman Rights Policy
Gender Integration ConcernsGender Integration Concerns
Medical ConsiderationsMedical Considerations
Task Based PF StdsTask Based PF Stds
DeliveryDelivery
EquipmentEquipment
ResourcesResources

1. OPERATIONAL1. OPERATIONAL
PHYSICAL FITNESSPHYSICAL FITNESS

Delivered by Health InfluencersDelivered by Health Influencers ::
Active living and physical fitnessActive living and physical fitness ;;
Alcohol and other drugs;Alcohol and other drugs;
Smoking prevention and cessation;Smoking prevention and cessation;
Stress Management;Stress Management;
Nutrition;Nutrition;
Healthy weights;Healthy weights;
Suicide prevention, andSuicide prevention, and
Safer sexSafer sex
2. STRENTHENING THE2. STRENTHENING THE
FORCESFORCES
Health Related Physical Fitness ProgramsHealth Related Physical Fitness Programs

CF EXPRES ProgramCF EXPRES Program
(1983-(1983-
Pre-Test ScreeningPre-Test Screening
Par Q, Par XPar Q, Par X
Physical Fitness EvaluationPhysical Fitness Evaluation
CSTF correlated to military common tasks, 20 MSR, Army PFCSTF correlated to military common tasks, 20 MSR, Army PF
Standard, Fire Fighter standardStandard, Fire Fighter standard
EXercise PREScriptionEXercise PREScription
Individually tailored based on evaluation results of sufficientIndividually tailored based on evaluation results of sufficient
frequency, duration and intensity to ensure maintenance orfrequency, duration and intensity to ensure maintenance or
improvement of physical fitnessimprovement of physical fitness
TrainingTraining
Promote habitual participation in effective training programsPromote habitual participation in effective training programs

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF CFRESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF CF
PHYSICAL FITNESS STANDARDSPHYSICAL FITNESS STANDARDS
(CFAO 50-1)(CFAO 50-1)
• Cannot be based on arbitrarily set pass/failCannot be based on arbitrarily set pass/fail
criteriacriteria
• Measurement tools and standards shall meetMeasurement tools and standards shall meet
appropriate scientific criteria and militaryappropriate scientific criteria and military
performance requirementsperformance requirements
• Shall be researched to ensure that they areShall be researched to ensure that they are
safe, appropriate and scientifically validatedsafe, appropriate and scientifically validated
• OPI for the R&D of physical fitnessOPI for the R&D of physical fitness
standards is CFPSA/DPEstandards is CFPSA/DPE
• OCIOCI’’s include DRDB, DCIEM, DGHS, Ds include DRDB, DCIEM, DGHS, D
aw/HRI, DPCA, and client groupsaw/HRI, DPCA, and client groups

CF EXPRES PROGRAMCF EXPRES PROGRAM
SCIENTIFIC AND
HUMAN RIGHTS
UMBRELLA
STANDARDSSTANDARDS
UNIT/INDIVIDUAL TRAININGUNIT/INDIVIDUAL TRAINING
PROGRAMPROGRAM
SS

CF EXPRES PROGRAMCF EXPRES PROGRAM
MAINTENANCMAINTENANC
EE
STANDARDSSTANDARDS
GENERAGENERA
LL
ENVIRONMENTAENVIRONMENTA
LL
TRADETRADE

GENERALGENERAL
ENVIRONMENTALENVIRONMENTAL
TRADESTRADES
Minimum Physical Fitness StandardMinimum Physical Fitness Standard
(84-88)(84-88)
Army PFS(88-91)Army PFS(88-91)
SAR Tech (96-99)SAR Tech (96-99)
Fire Fighter (93-95)Fire Fighter (93-95)
CF EXPRESCF EXPRES
PROGRAMPROGRAM
STANDARDSSTANDARDS MODELSMODELS
PREDICTIVE
TASKTASK
RELATERELATE
DD

MAINTENANCEMAINTENANCE
STANDARDSSTANDARDS

LAWS AND GUIDELINES FORLAWS AND GUIDELINES FOR
OCCUPATIONALOCCUPATIONAL
REQUIREMENTSREQUIREMENTS
CanadaCanada
LegislatedLegislated
Federal/ProvincialFederal/Provincial
Human RightsHuman Rights

CHARTER OF HUMANCHARTER OF HUMAN
RIGHTSRIGHTS
Prohibits discriminatory policies and practicesProhibits discriminatory policies and practices
in matters related to employment, but it doesin matters related to employment, but it does
provide an exception in para 14(a) which states:provide an exception in para 14(a) which states:
““It is not discriminatory practice toIt is not discriminatory practice to
refuse, exclude, expulse, expend, limit,refuse, exclude, expulse, expend, limit,
specify or prefer in relation to anyspecify or prefer in relation to any
employment if the employer establishesemployment if the employer establishes
the practice to be based on BONA FIDEthe practice to be based on BONA FIDE
OCCUPATIONAL REQUIREMENTOCCUPATIONAL REQUIREMENT
(BFOR)(BFOR)””
(Gov(Gov’’t of Canada 1985)t of Canada 1985)

BFOR DEFINED AS:BFOR DEFINED AS:
Condition of employment which isCondition of employment which is
imposed in sincere belief that it isimposed in sincere belief that it is
reasonably necessary for safe, efficientreasonably necessary for safe, efficient
and reliable performance of a job andand reliable performance of a job and
which iswhich is objectively, reasonablyobjectively, reasonably
necessarynecessary for such performancefor such performance
(Gov(Gov’’t of Canada, 1985)t of Canada, 1985)

BFOR GUIDELINESBFOR GUIDELINES
S1/82-3 13 JANUARY 1982S1/82-3 13 JANUARY 1982
- Identify the essential tasks that make up- Identify the essential tasks that make up
the requirements of the job;the requirements of the job;
- Identify the skills and capabilities- Identify the skills and capabilities
required to perform the essential tasks ofrequired to perform the essential tasks of
the job;the job;
- Use methods that evaluate the ability of- Use methods that evaluate the ability of
the individual to carry out, by anythe individual to carry out, by any
reasonable method, the essential tasks ofreasonable method, the essential tasks of
the job;the job;
- Set standards that do not exceed the- Set standards that do not exceed the
minimum requirements of the job.minimum requirements of the job.

OBJECTIVE BASIS OF BFOROBJECTIVE BASIS OF BFOR
Must consider existing:Must consider existing:
- scientific data- scientific data
- empirical studies- empirical studies
- expert opinion- expert opinion
- detailed nature of duties to be- detailed nature of duties to be
performedperformed
- conditions existing in the- conditions existing in the
workplaceworkplace

PURPOSE OF STANDARDSPURPOSE OF STANDARDS
- Assess physical operational- Assess physical operational
readiness;readiness;
- Take corrective action for the- Take corrective action for the
unfit by providing programs;unfit by providing programs;
- Determine effectiveness of- Determine effectiveness of
training programs; andtraining programs; and
- Act as goals for all personnel- Act as goals for all personnel.

WHAT DOWHAT DO STANDARDSSTANDARDS
GIVE US?GIVE US?
- Reasons for training- Reasons for training
- Achievable goals- Achievable goals
- Rationale for facilities and- Rationale for facilities and
staff to support the programsstaff to support the programs
- Operational function- Operational function
measurementmeasurement

RATIONALE FOR THE DEVELOPMENTRATIONALE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT
OF BONA FIDE PHYSICAL FITNESSOF BONA FIDE PHYSICAL FITNESS
STANDARDS FOR CANADIAN FORCESSTANDARDS FOR CANADIAN FORCES
•SAFETYSAFETY
•COST-EFFECTIVENESSCOST-EFFECTIVENESS
•VALIDITY & RELIABILITYVALIDITY & RELIABILITY
•USER SATISFACTIONUSER SATISFACTION
•HUMAN RIGHTS LEGISLATIONHUMAN RIGHTS LEGISLATION
•BONA FIDE OCCUPATIONALBONA FIDE OCCUPATIONAL
REQUIREMENTS(BFOR)REQUIREMENTS(BFOR)

DEVELOPMENT OF TEST ORDEVELOPMENT OF TEST OR
TEST BATTERYTEST BATTERY
Need to establish job-relevanceNeed to establish job-relevance
Can be established throughCan be established through
content, construct or criterioncontent, construct or criterion
validationvalidation
A given measure is valid to theA given measure is valid to the
extent that it corresponds to, orextent that it corresponds to, or
predicts, the human behavior ofpredicts, the human behavior of
interestinterest

STANDARDSSTANDARDS
RecruitRecruit Testing: HandoutsTesting: Handouts
MPFS:MPFS: ResearchResearch
Training materialsTraining materials
ValidationValidation
Army:Army: ResearchResearch
Training materialsTraining materials
Fire Fighters:Fire Fighters: ResearchResearch
Training MaterialsTraining Materials
SAR Technician:SAR Technician: ResearchResearch

PF Testing at Recruit CentersPF Testing at Recruit Centers
All applicants are provided:All applicants are provided:
`Applicant Physical Fitness Testing``Applicant Physical Fitness Testing`
`Failing to Prepare is Preparing to Fail``Failing to Prepare is Preparing to Fail`
Those selected are tested using theThose selected are tested using the
MPFS testMPFS test

RECRUIT PHYSICALRECRUIT PHYSICAL
FITNESSFITNESS

OVERVIEW OFOVERVIEW OF
RESEARCHRESEARCH
PROJECTSPROJECTS

DDefenceefence RResearchesearch andand DDevelopmentevelopment BBranchranch
(DRDB)(DRDB) Funded Research ProjectsFunded Research Projects
1985 - CF Minimum Physical Fitness Standards1985 - CF Minimum Physical Fitness Standards
(MPFS) Phase 1(MPFS) Phase 1
(Dr J Stevenson et al - Queens University)(Dr J Stevenson et al - Queens University)
1985 - Recruit Training Program1985 - Recruit Training Program
(Dr W Lee -DPERA)(Dr W Lee -DPERA)
1986 - Physiological Requirements and Selection of1986 - Physiological Requirements and Selection of
ParachutistsParachutists
(( Dr A Belcastro et al University of AlbertaDr A Belcastro et al University of Alberta ))
1986 - Physical Fitness Programs for CF Pilots1986 - Physical Fitness Programs for CF Pilots

DRDB Funded ResearchDRDB Funded Research
Projects(ContProjects(Cont’’d)d)
1986 - Further Development of CF ExPres Training1986 - Further Development of CF ExPres Training
MaterialsMaterials(Participaction)(Participaction)
1986 - CF Minimum Physical Fitness Standards1986 - CF Minimum Physical Fitness Standards
(MPFS) Phase 2(MPFS) Phase 2
(Dr J Stevenson et al - Queens University)(Dr J Stevenson et al - Queens University)
1986 - CF ExPRES Fitness Training Materials1986 - CF ExPRES Fitness Training Materials
(Participaction)(Participaction)
1986 - Computerized Training Programs1986 - Computerized Training Programs
(Dr F Peronnet et al - University of Montreal)(Dr F Peronnet et al - University of Montreal)

DRDB Funded Research ProjectsDRDB Funded Research Projects
(Cont(Cont’’dd))
1986 - Development of Field Test for Combat Arms1986 - Development of Field Test for Combat Arms
(Dr M Jette et al - University of Ottawa)(Dr M Jette et al - University of Ottawa)
1987 - Heart Rate Monitoring for Physical Fitness1987 - Heart Rate Monitoring for Physical Fitness
Testing of MARCOM PersonnelTesting of MARCOM Personnel
(Eyretechnics)(Eyretechnics)
1988 - CF Minimum Physical Fitness Standards-1988 - CF Minimum Physical Fitness Standards-
MPFS - Phase 3MPFS - Phase 3
(Dr J Stevenson - Queens University)(Dr J Stevenson - Queens University)
1988 - Fitness Leader Handbook1988 - Fitness Leader Handbook

(Cont(Cont’’d)d)
1988 - Development of CF ExPres Training1988 - Development of CF ExPres Training
GuidesGuides (Participaction)(Participaction)
1989 - PERI Guide for Organization of CF1989 - PERI Guide for Organization of CF
EXPres ClinicsEXPres Clinics (Participaction)(Participaction)
1989 - MPFS Transfer of Technology1989 - MPFS Transfer of Technology
(Queens University)(Queens University)
1990 - Female Push-up Study1990 - Female Push-up Study
(Queens University)(Queens University)

1993 - Army Physical Fitness Standards Study1993 - Army Physical Fitness Standards Study
( Dr M Singh at al - University of Alberta)( Dr M Singh at al - University of Alberta)
1995 - Validation of Alternative Aerobic Test for1995 - Validation of Alternative Aerobic Test for
CF ExPRES Program - 20 MSRCF ExPRES Program - 20 MSR
(Dr W Lee et al - DPERA)(Dr W Lee et al - DPERA)
1995 - Fire Fighter Physical Fitness Standard1995 - Fire Fighter Physical Fitness Standard
StudyStudy
( Dr J Deakin et al - Queens University)( Dr J Deakin et al - Queens University)
1995 - Army Footwear Study1995 - Army Footwear Study
(Dr Hawe - University of Calgary)(Dr Hawe - University of Calgary)

1996 - Royal Military College Physical1996 - Royal Military College Physical
Fitness Standard StudyFitness Standard Study
(N MacKenzie et al - DPERA)(N MacKenzie et al - DPERA)
1998 - Development of Army Physical1998 - Development of Army Physical
Fitness Training ProgramsFitness Training Programs
(University of Alberta)(University of Alberta)
1998 - Alternative Strength Evaluation for1998 - Alternative Strength Evaluation for
CSTFCSTF
(Dr N Gledhill - York University)(Dr N Gledhill - York University)

(Cont(Cont’’dd ))
1998 - Search and Rescue Technician Physical1998 - Search and Rescue Technician Physical
Fitness StandardFitness Standard
(Dr J Deakin et al - Queens University)(Dr J Deakin et al - Queens University)

(Cont(Cont’’dd ))
1998 - Search and Rescue Technician Physical1998 - Search and Rescue Technician Physical
Fitness StandardFitness Standard
(Dr J Deakin et al - Queens University)(Dr J Deakin et al - Queens University)
IN PROGRESSIN PROGRESS
- Validation of MPFS (Queens University)- Validation of MPFS (Queens University)
-Hyperoxic SCBA (University of Alberta)-Hyperoxic SCBA (University of Alberta)
funded by CF Fire Marshallfunded by CF Fire Marshall

MODELS FORMODELS FOR
MEASURING PHYSICALMEASURING PHYSICAL
FITNESSFITNESS
PREDICTIVE TESTSPREDICTIVE TESTS
TASK RELATED TESTSTASK RELATED TESTS

PREDICTIVE TESTS MODELPREDICTIVE TESTS MODEL
(Physical Fitness)(Physical Fitness)
ADVANTAGESADVANTAGES
• measures physical fitnessmeasures physical fitness
• is not dependent on prior learningis not dependent on prior learning
DISADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGES
• requires more effort to document job relatednessrequires more effort to document job relatedness
• does not discriminate well between whodoes not discriminate well between who
can/cannot do the jobcan/cannot do the job
• perception of increased redress of grievances/challengesperception of increased redress of grievances/challenges
• age and gender differencesage and gender differences
20 M S R
Push Ups
Sit UpsBack Strength Test
Push/Pull Dyno

TASK RELATED MODELTASK RELATED MODEL
((Task Simulations/Work SamplesTask Simulations/Work Samples ))
ADVANTAGESADVANTAGES
-- easily understoodeasily understood
- job related/specific- job related/specific
- operational capability measurement- operational capability measurement
- discriminates well between who- discriminates well between who
can/cannot do the jobcan/cannot do the job
- perception of reduced redress of- perception of reduced redress of
grievances/challengesgrievances/challenges
- no need for age or gender correction- no need for age or gender correction
DISADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGES
- skill and fitness may be confounded- skill and fitness may be confounded
- may be dependent upon prior- may be dependent upon prior
learning/skilllearning/skill
Maximal Dig
Casualty Evacuation
Jerry Can Lift
High Crawl
Low Crawl
Sandbag Carry
Sea Evacuation

COMMON TASK VS PREDICTOR SCORES
Common Task Scores
Predictor Tests
true
Pass
Pass Fail
Fail
True Pass
True Fail
False Positive
False Negative

SETTINGSETTING
STANDARDSSTANDARDS
The emphasis of the CHRC is that the purpose ofThe emphasis of the CHRC is that the purpose of
standards is to:standards is to:
assess physical operational readiness;assess physical operational readiness;
take corrective action for the unfit bytake corrective action for the unfit by
providing programs;providing programs;
determine effectiveness of training programs;determine effectiveness of training programs;
andand
act as goals for all personnel.act as goals for all personnel.

MODELMODEL
FOR THEFOR THE
DEVELOPMENT OF ADEVELOPMENT OF A
BONA FIDEBONA FIDE
MAINTENANCEMAINTENANCE
STANDARDSTANDARD
LFCPFS

Literature ReviewLiterature Review

Physical Demands AnalysisPhysical Demands Analysis

Identification ofIdentification of ““Most DemandingMost Demanding”” andand
““Most RepresentativeMost Representative”” taskstasks
Expert PanelExpert Panel

CircuitCircuit

CircuitCircuit
Scientific CheckScientific CheckReliabilityReliability Fitness testFitness test
vs Circuitvs Circuit

CircuitCircuit
Scientific CheckScientific Check
PhysiologicalPhysiological
EvaluationEvaluation
ReliabilityReliability Fitness testFitness test

CircuitCircuit
Approve CircuitApprove Circuit
Checks on SegmentsChecks on Segments
of the CFof the CF
Evaluate Age andEvaluate Age and
Gender EffectsGender Effects

CircuitCircuit
Approve CircuitApprove Circuit
Develop Performance ObjectivesDevelop Performance Objectives
Checks on SegmentsChecks on Segments
of the CFof the CF
Evaluate Age andEvaluate Age and
Gender EffectsGender Effects

MODELMODEL
FOR THE USE OFFOR THE USE OF
INFERENTIAL RESULTSINFERENTIAL RESULTS
IN THE DEVELOPMENTIN THE DEVELOPMENT
OF PHYSICAL FITNESSOF PHYSICAL FITNESS
STANDARDSSTANDARDS

FITNESS PARAMETERFITNESS PARAMETER TASK PERFORMANCETASK PERFORMANCE

Simple CorrelationSimple Correlation
Multiple CorrelationMultiple Correlation
Stepwise Multiple CorrStepwise Multiple Corr
Canonical CorrelationCanonical Correlation

Passing GroupPassing Group Failing GroupFailing Group
Discriminant AnalysisDiscriminant Analysis
PASS CRITERIONPASS CRITERION

Fitness ScoresFitness Scores
Passing GroupPassing Group

Fitness ScoresFitness Scores
Passing GroupPassing Group
CUT OFF SCORE OF PASSING GROUPCUT OFF SCORE OF PASSING GROUP

Weight Load March March a distance of 13 km
in full fighting gear and backpack weighing 24.5 kg
Standardized pace of 88.9 m/min (5.33 km/hr)
STANDARD: 2 hrs 26 minutes 20 seconds
FROM THE LABORATORY TO THE FIELD

ARMY FIELD TASKSARMY FIELD TASKS

Maximal DigMaximal Dig Simulates digging and the building of a defensive positionSimulates digging and the building of a defensive position
Dig 0.486 cubic m of gravel out of a slit trench simulator using a std shovel Trench dimensions1.8 m x 0.6 m xDig 0.486 cubic m of gravel out of a slit trench simulator using a std shovel Trench dimensions1.8 m x 0.6 m x
0.45 m0.45 m STANDARD: 6 minutesSTANDARD: 6 minutes

Ammunition Box LiftAmmunition Box Lift Simulates the unassisted lifting ofSimulates the unassisted lifting of
ammo boxes to the bed of a military truck Required to lift 48 ammo boxes from theammo boxes to the bed of a military truck Required to lift 48 ammo boxes from the
floor to a height of 1.3 m (bed of MPV) Soldiers restricted to 80% MHRfloor to a height of 1.3 m (bed of MPV) Soldiers restricted to 80% MHR
STANDARD: 5 minutesSTANDARD: 5 minutes

Casualty EvacuationCasualty Evacuation Simulates the evacuation of aSimulates the evacuation of a
wounded soldier in a battle scenarioLift and Carry another soldier a distance ofwounded soldier in a battle scenarioLift and Carry another soldier a distance of
100 m100 m
STANDARD: 1 minuteSTANDARD: 1 minute

Weight Load MarchWeight Load March March a distance of 13 km in full fightingMarch a distance of 13 km in full fighting
gear and backpack weighing 24.5 kg Standardized pace of 88.9 m/min (5.33gear and backpack weighing 24.5 kg Standardized pace of 88.9 m/min (5.33
km/hr)km/hr)
STANDARD: 2 hrs 26 minutes 20 secondsSTANDARD: 2 hrs 26 minutes 20 seconds

Maximal DigMaximal Dig Simulates digging and the building of a defensiveSimulates digging and the building of a defensive
positionposition
Dig 0.486 cubic m of gravel out of a slit trench simulator using a std shovel TrenchDig 0.486 cubic m of gravel out of a slit trench simulator using a std shovel Trench
dimensions1.8 m x 0.6 m x 0.45 mdimensions1.8 m x 0.6 m x 0.45 m STANDARD:STANDARD: 6 minutes6 minutes
Ammunition Box LiftAmmunition Box Lift Simulates the unassisted lifting ofSimulates the unassisted lifting of
ammo boxes to the bed of a military truck Required to lift 48 ammo boxes from theammo boxes to the bed of a military truck Required to lift 48 ammo boxes from the
floor to a height of 1.3 m (bed of MPV) Soldiers restricted to 80% MHRfloor to a height of 1.3 m (bed of MPV) Soldiers restricted to 80% MHR
STANDARD:STANDARD: 300 seconds300 seconds
Casualty EvacuationCasualty Evacuation Simulates the evacuation of aSimulates the evacuation of a
wounded soldier in a battle scenarioLift and Carry another soldier a distance ofwounded soldier in a battle scenarioLift and Carry another soldier a distance of
100 m100 m
STANDARD:STANDARD: 60 seconds or less60 seconds or less
Weight Load MarchWeight Load March March a distance of 13 km in full fightingMarch a distance of 13 km in full fighting
gear and backpack weighing 24.5 kg Standardized pace of 88.9 m/min (5.33gear and backpack weighing 24.5 kg Standardized pace of 88.9 m/min (5.33
km/hr)km/hr)

BODY COMPOSITIONBODY COMPOSITION
BMI - Interpretation andBMI - Interpretation and
counselling toolcounselling tool
Fitness-performance isFitness-performance is
first goalfirst goal
History of BMI Weight Control
Program in CF

COMMON DENOMINATOR OFCOMMON DENOMINATOR OF
IMPORTANT PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORSIMPORTANT PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS
Leg and Arm PowerLeg and Arm Power
Upper and Lower Limb StrengthUpper and Lower Limb Strength
Dominant Handgrip Strength & EnduranceDominant Handgrip Strength & Endurance
Trunk Flexion & Extension StrengthTrunk Flexion & Extension Strength
Bench Press StrengthBench Press Strength
Static Arm & Rowing EnduranceStatic Arm & Rowing Endurance
Aerobic Power & Anaerobic ThresholdAerobic Power & Anaerobic Threshold
Body CompositionBody Composition

SUMMARYSUMMARY
OF MOST SIGNIFICANTOF MOST SIGNIFICANT
LABORATORY MEASURESLABORATORY MEASURES
Power over StrengthPower over Strength
Absolute over Relative ValuesAbsolute over Relative Values
Mean over Peak PowerMean over Peak Power
Aerobic PowerAerobic Power
Musculature of the Trunk RegionMusculature of the Trunk Region
Lower over Upper BodyLower over Upper Body

TRAINING PROGRAMSTRAINING PROGRAMS
SHOULD INCREASE:SHOULD INCREASE:
Lean Body MassLean Body Mass
Aerobic PowerAerobic Power
Anaerobic ThresholdAnaerobic Threshold
Trunk Flexion & Extension StrengthTrunk Flexion & Extension Strength
Upper & Lower Body StrengthUpper & Lower Body Strength

UNIQUE PHSYICAL FITNESSUNIQUE PHSYICAL FITNESS
TRAINING MODULESTRAINING MODULES
Classical Modular PhysicalClassical Modular Physical
TrainingTraining
Field Modular Physical TrainingField Modular Physical Training
Optimal Deployment PhysicalOptimal Deployment Physical
Training (12 Wks)Training (12 Wks)
Rapid Deployment PhysicalRapid Deployment Physical
Training (6 Wks)Training (6 Wks)

OTHER PHYSICAL FITNESSOTHER PHYSICAL FITNESS
TRAINING MODULESTRAINING MODULES
DCIEM Rapid Deployment TrainingDCIEM Rapid Deployment Training
Program (3 Wks)Program (3 Wks)
Indoor Standardized Obstacle CourseIndoor Standardized Obstacle Course
Preparation for the LFCPFSPreparation for the LFCPFS

CLASSICAL MODULARCLASSICAL MODULAR
PHYSICAL TRAININGPHYSICAL TRAINING
PROGRAMPROGRAM
Conventional Training ModalitiesConventional Training Modalities ::
aerobicaerobic
anaerobicanaerobic
muscular strength & endurancemuscular strength & endurance
flexibilityflexibility

FIELD MODULAR PHYSICALFIELD MODULAR PHYSICAL
TRAINING PROGRAMTRAINING PROGRAM
Specific Training Utilizing StandardizedSpecific Training Utilizing Standardized
Army Field EquipmentArmy Field Equipment
Replicates movement patterns andReplicates movement patterns and
intensities demanded by individual fieldintensities demanded by individual field
test standardstest standards

OPTIMAL DEPLOYMENTOPTIMAL DEPLOYMENT
PROGRAMPROGRAM
12 week deployment program12 week deployment program
Optimizes soldiers performanceOptimizes soldiers performance
of the required field tasksof the required field tasks
Combination of Classical andCombination of Classical and
Field training modalitiesField training modalities

RAPID DEPLOYMENTRAPID DEPLOYMENT
PROGRAMPROGRAM
Restricted to 6 week time frameRestricted to 6 week time frame
High intensity programHigh intensity program
Based on selected elements fromBased on selected elements from
Classical and Field TrainingClassical and Field Training
ProgramsPrograms

DCIEM Rapid DeploymentDCIEM Rapid Deployment
Training Program (3 Wks)Training Program (3 Wks)
3 week rapid deployment program3 week rapid deployment program
simultaneous training of aerobic andsimultaneous training of aerobic and
anaerobic fitnessanaerobic fitness
3 times per week for 40-45 min on3 times per week for 40-45 min on
cycle ergometercycle ergometer

Indoor StandardizedIndoor Standardized
Obstacle CourseObstacle Course
University of Ottawa (1989)University of Ottawa (1989)
Running, crawling, scaling, pulling, lifting,Running, crawling, scaling, pulling, lifting,
carrying, and pushingcarrying, and pushing
assess a number of physiological factors at onceassess a number of physiological factors at once
as subjects executed a number of military tasksas subjects executed a number of military tasks
regularly encountered on dutyregularly encountered on duty
practical procedure for assessing soldierspractical procedure for assessing soldiers ’’
physical fitnessphysical fitness

PREPARATION FOR THEPREPARATION FOR THE
LFCPFSLFCPFS
Practical guide for a 6 weekPractical guide for a 6 week
preparation of soldiers for thepreparation of soldiers for the
LFCPFSLFCPFS
simple training progressionsimple training progression
using LFCPFSusing LFCPFS

ARMYARMY
COMMUNICATIONSCOMMUNICATIONS

IN PROGRESSIN PROGRESS
Validation of MPFS (Queens University)Validation of MPFS (Queens University)
Hyperoxic SCBA (University of Alberta)Hyperoxic SCBA (University of Alberta)
Development of Army Training ProgramsDevelopment of Army Training Programs
Development of Special Programs for WomenDevelopment of Special Programs for Women
in the Armyin the Army
Pregnancy and ExercisePregnancy and Exercise

FIREFIGHTINGFIREFIGHTING
one of the mostone of the most
physically demandingphysically demanding
and hazardousand hazardous
occupationsoccupations
(Bahrke, 1982; Brownlie, Brown, Diewert,(Bahrke, 1982; Brownlie, Brown, Diewert,
Good, Holman, Laue & Banister, 1985; Ben-Good, Holman, Laue & Banister, 1985; Ben-
Ezra & Verstraete, 1988; Davis, Dotson &Ezra & Verstraete, 1988; Davis, Dotson &
Santa Maria, 1982; Faria & Faria, 1991;Santa Maria, 1982; Faria & Faria, 1991;
Gledhill & Jamnik, 1992; Hilyer, Brown,Gledhill & Jamnik, 1992; Hilyer, Brown,

HISTORY CF/DND FFPFPHISTORY CF/DND FFPFP
1983-1988: M1983-1988: Minimuminimum PPhysicalhysical FFitnessitness SStdtd
CF ExPresCF ExPres
ProgramProgram
19911991: CFFM requested DPE research & develop: CFFM requested DPE research & develop
appropriate physical fitness programappropriate physical fitness program
including bona fide occupational standard andincluding bona fide occupational standard and
supporting training programssupporting training programs
1992-19951992-1995: Research and development of bona: Research and development of bona
fide occupational standard completed byfide occupational standard completed by
QueenQueen’’s University ERG under CFPSA/DPEs University ERG under CFPSA/DPE
supervisionsupervision
1996-19971996-1997: Development of supporting training: Development of supporting training
programsprograms
1996-1998:1996-1998: Implementation PeriodImplementation Period

FOR MOREFOR MORE
INFORMATIONINFORMATION
CD ROMCD ROM

Gender
differences in
physical
performance do
not preclude
any roles in the
Armed Forces of
NATO from
being
satisfactorily
performed by
some women.

FUTUREFUTURE
PROJECTSPROJECTS
Training Programs forTraining Programs for
LFCPFSLFCPFS
Pregnancy and ExercisePregnancy and Exercise
Hyperoxic SCBAHyperoxic SCBA
CF Diver StandardsCF Diver Standards
CF Parachutist StandardsCF Parachutist Standards
Fitness at SeaFitness at Sea

MENS SANA INMENS SANA IN
CORPORE SANOCORPORE SANO
Email:Email:
wayneslee@home.comwayneslee@home.com

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