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California: Part 2
Kristen Cox History 141
New World: Geology and Conservation
 Geology
   1847 Yale founded Sheffield Scientific
    School, brought talented geologist to
    California
   California Academy of Sciences, goal to
    survey state and collect rare and rich
    productions
   Geological Survey, measuring heights
    and land formations
   Mining, brought about invention of the
    Pelton turbine
     Lester Pelton 1880 patent water
         turbine, multiplied power of running
         water
     Premise for hydro electrical generation
 Conservation
   Transfer of Yosemite Valley to federal
    jurisdiction 1890
   Advocated creation of national park
    system
New World: Technology
  Electronics
    Transcontinental phone
        calls, radio, television, and high speed
        electrons
    Semiconductor- replace vacuum tube
        with nonmetallic solid material
    Bardeen and Brattain used crystal
        germanium
         William Shockley, Palo Alto, 1956
            founded Shockley Semiconductor
            Laboratory
                   Goal to produce silicone
                    transistor
    Intel Corporation, invented microchip
        processor intelligence programmed via
        software
    Jobs and Wozniak
         Mission make computers available to
            millions of Americans
         Apple I prototype
  Biotechnological research
    40% in the US within California
  Lewrence Laboratory at Berkley, epicenter
   for futher nuclear research. 7 won nobel
   prizes.
New World: Fight and Astronomy
 Flight- metaphor of the dream of California
   James Montgomery, experiments heavier-than-air air glider
   August 1883 altitude of fifteen feet, glided for six hundred feet,
      and safely landed
   Wright brothers heavier-than-air craft December 17, 1903 in
      North Carolina
       California capitalize on invention
       January 1910, Los Angeles County Chamber of Commerce,
           air show
       Right climate, engineering, technology, entrepreneurial
           sprit and capital
   Names associated with aviation in California synonymous with
      flight itself
 Astronomy- penetration of space
   James Lick, died October 1876, left funs to build observatory for
      most powerful telescope on the planet
       The Lick Observatory, mount Hamilton Santa Clara County
       Turned over to University of California
   The Hooker telescope, Pasadena December 1908, increased
      observable universe by 300 percent
   George Ellery Hale, 200 inch disk upgrade of Throop
      Polytechnic Institute into a first rate center of scientific research
An Imagined Place: Film and Literature
 Film
   Industrialization of film production in Hollywood in the 1920’s
       Reliably good weather, distance from subpoena servers with suits against producers
          not willing to pay what they thought was fair for licensing and reel footage fees
       Americans caught glimpses of life in California
   Mid 30s takeover of Germany by National Socialism
       Mass emigration of talented Europeans
           Southern California provided opportunities for employment in the film industry,
               climate, and distance from conflict
   Cold War, testimonies naming produced blacklist of members of the Communist Party
       High point of social commentary, dark, drama, political tensions, race, class, mistrust
          of separated men and women, and distrust of government sending soldiers to war
 Writing, inspiration of 1940s film, with detective stories, preoccupation with California themes
  of nature, naturalism, and bohemia with added politicized community resistance
   Simplistic relationship to nature, urban matters, with solipsistic drama of self against
      society
   California as a emotionally empty place, bleakness, disconnect, fake promise of youth,
      impending doom
   The Beats of 1950- anguish of postwar generation oppressed by materialism, refuge in
      sex, drugs, and rebellion
An Imagined Place: Painting, Photography, and Architecture
 Painting
   1920’s Landscapes in Postimpressionist style
   Social Realism to California brought by the
     depression
      Daily life, backyard bbq, suburbia, Sunday
         afternoon
   1930’s popularity of mural, capacity for
     political statement
   Expressive and figurative paintings flourished in
     1940s
 Photography, Depression brought true
  photographic realism. Attention turned to social
  turmoil
 Architecture
   Arts and crafts inspired style first two decades
   Modernism appeared pre-World War I era,
     clean lines, surfaces, minimalist presentation
      Characterize high end architecture
   1950s postwar building boom, domestic
     tradition, California Ranch style
An Imagined Place: Music and the Outdoors
 Music- shirt from conservative to the avant-garde
      Sound in motion pictures, composers 1930s,
        took musical modernism to new heights
        Jazz orchestra, progressive modes
      Fusing of pop and modernism
      Intensification of country music with the migration
       from Dust Bowl states during the depression
 Outdoor life
      Middle class Californians opportunity to recreation
       typically for upper class
      San Francisco Bay Area 1860s, German immigrants
       founded Olympic Club
      Swimming, free public surf, rough water swimming,
       swimming and boating clubs
        California 1907 Anglo-Hawaiian brought surfing
                Affordable. Widespread, became icon of
                 the California lifestyle
      Baseball in California flourished in 1859
      Mountaineering, skiing, rock climbing, windsurfing
       and hang gliding
Forging a World Society
  Gold rush “world rushed in” nearly every country sent
   people to California, diversity
  California founded on racial distinctions and repression
        Disenfranchisement of blacks and Asians
        Aggression against Mexican land titles
        Lynching and Chinese must go crusade
        Anti Japanese “white California” segregation of
         school children, barring from land ownership,
         incarceration of Japanese Americans during WWI
        White “okies”, ethnic prejudice, despised in physical
         selves, slack-jawed and incestuous
        LA emerged as one of most important centers of
         Jewish civilization
          Anti-Semitism swept California between WWI and
           WWII
  Early 1900 SF more foreign born residents relative to
   population than any other city in US
        Korean immigrants, second influx of Mexicans,
         Filipinos, Japanese, Sikhs
        Armenians, fleeing Ottoman Turkish persecution
        WWII more African Americans to California to work
Forging a World Society
    1965 Immigration and Nationality Acts- reforming
     immigration laws
         Excluded groups now equal
          immigrations, favored reuniting families
         Refugees from Southeast Asia and Bangladesh
    Racial, ethnic, and religious covenants of exclusion
     in real estate
    Continuing divide between blacks and whites
         Watts riots of 1965
         Los Angeles riots of 1992
         O.J. Simpson trial of 1995
    Illegal Immigration
         1993 ranked one of three major problems in
          California; along with crime and the
          economy, both related to that issue
         “Save Our State” Prop 187, November
          1994, withdrawal of public support for
          undocumented Californians
           Passed but never implemented, states
            cant regulate immigration
           Create opinion, call to focus, illegals
            costing great deal of money
Forging a World Society
   Affirmative action
         Keeping Asian 4.0 gpa from top UC and
          admitting 3.0 gpa African American or
          Latino
         1998 race and gender based
          preferences at UC ended
         California Civil Rights Initiative, Prop
          209, November 1996, outlawing
          affirmative action
   1998 Prop 227 disestablishment of California
    bilingual education program, replaced with
    one year immersion in English language
    proficiency
   Economy of California reliant on
    undocumented workers
   Gov. Davis bill authorizing issuance of drivers
    licenses to undocumented workers
         Struck opposition, repealed once
          Schwarzenegger became governor
   Californians becoming more like each other.
    Common culture of California

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California2

  • 1. California: Part 2 Kristen Cox History 141
  • 2. New World: Geology and Conservation  Geology  1847 Yale founded Sheffield Scientific School, brought talented geologist to California  California Academy of Sciences, goal to survey state and collect rare and rich productions  Geological Survey, measuring heights and land formations  Mining, brought about invention of the Pelton turbine  Lester Pelton 1880 patent water turbine, multiplied power of running water  Premise for hydro electrical generation  Conservation  Transfer of Yosemite Valley to federal jurisdiction 1890  Advocated creation of national park system
  • 3. New World: Technology  Electronics  Transcontinental phone calls, radio, television, and high speed electrons  Semiconductor- replace vacuum tube with nonmetallic solid material  Bardeen and Brattain used crystal germanium  William Shockley, Palo Alto, 1956 founded Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory  Goal to produce silicone transistor  Intel Corporation, invented microchip processor intelligence programmed via software  Jobs and Wozniak  Mission make computers available to millions of Americans  Apple I prototype  Biotechnological research  40% in the US within California  Lewrence Laboratory at Berkley, epicenter for futher nuclear research. 7 won nobel prizes.
  • 4. New World: Fight and Astronomy  Flight- metaphor of the dream of California  James Montgomery, experiments heavier-than-air air glider  August 1883 altitude of fifteen feet, glided for six hundred feet, and safely landed  Wright brothers heavier-than-air craft December 17, 1903 in North Carolina  California capitalize on invention  January 1910, Los Angeles County Chamber of Commerce, air show  Right climate, engineering, technology, entrepreneurial sprit and capital  Names associated with aviation in California synonymous with flight itself  Astronomy- penetration of space  James Lick, died October 1876, left funs to build observatory for most powerful telescope on the planet  The Lick Observatory, mount Hamilton Santa Clara County  Turned over to University of California  The Hooker telescope, Pasadena December 1908, increased observable universe by 300 percent  George Ellery Hale, 200 inch disk upgrade of Throop Polytechnic Institute into a first rate center of scientific research
  • 5. An Imagined Place: Film and Literature  Film  Industrialization of film production in Hollywood in the 1920’s  Reliably good weather, distance from subpoena servers with suits against producers not willing to pay what they thought was fair for licensing and reel footage fees  Americans caught glimpses of life in California  Mid 30s takeover of Germany by National Socialism  Mass emigration of talented Europeans  Southern California provided opportunities for employment in the film industry, climate, and distance from conflict  Cold War, testimonies naming produced blacklist of members of the Communist Party  High point of social commentary, dark, drama, political tensions, race, class, mistrust of separated men and women, and distrust of government sending soldiers to war  Writing, inspiration of 1940s film, with detective stories, preoccupation with California themes of nature, naturalism, and bohemia with added politicized community resistance  Simplistic relationship to nature, urban matters, with solipsistic drama of self against society  California as a emotionally empty place, bleakness, disconnect, fake promise of youth, impending doom  The Beats of 1950- anguish of postwar generation oppressed by materialism, refuge in sex, drugs, and rebellion
  • 6. An Imagined Place: Painting, Photography, and Architecture  Painting  1920’s Landscapes in Postimpressionist style  Social Realism to California brought by the depression  Daily life, backyard bbq, suburbia, Sunday afternoon  1930’s popularity of mural, capacity for political statement  Expressive and figurative paintings flourished in 1940s  Photography, Depression brought true photographic realism. Attention turned to social turmoil  Architecture  Arts and crafts inspired style first two decades  Modernism appeared pre-World War I era, clean lines, surfaces, minimalist presentation  Characterize high end architecture  1950s postwar building boom, domestic tradition, California Ranch style
  • 7. An Imagined Place: Music and the Outdoors  Music- shirt from conservative to the avant-garde  Sound in motion pictures, composers 1930s,  took musical modernism to new heights  Jazz orchestra, progressive modes  Fusing of pop and modernism  Intensification of country music with the migration from Dust Bowl states during the depression  Outdoor life  Middle class Californians opportunity to recreation typically for upper class  San Francisco Bay Area 1860s, German immigrants founded Olympic Club  Swimming, free public surf, rough water swimming, swimming and boating clubs  California 1907 Anglo-Hawaiian brought surfing  Affordable. Widespread, became icon of the California lifestyle  Baseball in California flourished in 1859  Mountaineering, skiing, rock climbing, windsurfing and hang gliding
  • 8. Forging a World Society  Gold rush “world rushed in” nearly every country sent people to California, diversity  California founded on racial distinctions and repression  Disenfranchisement of blacks and Asians  Aggression against Mexican land titles  Lynching and Chinese must go crusade  Anti Japanese “white California” segregation of school children, barring from land ownership, incarceration of Japanese Americans during WWI  White “okies”, ethnic prejudice, despised in physical selves, slack-jawed and incestuous  LA emerged as one of most important centers of Jewish civilization  Anti-Semitism swept California between WWI and WWII  Early 1900 SF more foreign born residents relative to population than any other city in US  Korean immigrants, second influx of Mexicans, Filipinos, Japanese, Sikhs  Armenians, fleeing Ottoman Turkish persecution  WWII more African Americans to California to work
  • 9. Forging a World Society  1965 Immigration and Nationality Acts- reforming immigration laws  Excluded groups now equal immigrations, favored reuniting families  Refugees from Southeast Asia and Bangladesh  Racial, ethnic, and religious covenants of exclusion in real estate  Continuing divide between blacks and whites  Watts riots of 1965  Los Angeles riots of 1992  O.J. Simpson trial of 1995  Illegal Immigration  1993 ranked one of three major problems in California; along with crime and the economy, both related to that issue  “Save Our State” Prop 187, November 1994, withdrawal of public support for undocumented Californians  Passed but never implemented, states cant regulate immigration  Create opinion, call to focus, illegals costing great deal of money
  • 10. Forging a World Society  Affirmative action  Keeping Asian 4.0 gpa from top UC and admitting 3.0 gpa African American or Latino  1998 race and gender based preferences at UC ended  California Civil Rights Initiative, Prop 209, November 1996, outlawing affirmative action  1998 Prop 227 disestablishment of California bilingual education program, replaced with one year immersion in English language proficiency  Economy of California reliant on undocumented workers  Gov. Davis bill authorizing issuance of drivers licenses to undocumented workers  Struck opposition, repealed once Schwarzenegger became governor  Californians becoming more like each other. Common culture of California