2020 types of network cabels

Students understand network cables types
and features of each one . Agenda
• 5 min Act1 Warm up Revision
• 5 min Act2 essential question brain storm
• 15 min Act3 Introduction teacher demonstrate about cables
• 10 min Act4 – TPS Searching about network cables types and features of each one
• 10 min Act5 – Distributing samples and pictures of different cables types and then
asking questions.
• 10 min Act6 - Teacher demonstrate “Network cables”
• 10 min Act7 – brain storm “installing network cables”
• 10 min Act8 - listen installing network cables video then asking questions .
• Home work
• 5 min Act8 Reflection
Osama Ghandour Geris
Assiut STEM School
1

Classroom Norms
Assiut STEM School
2
Take notes
in a paper

Warm up
5 Min motivating video
Activity 1
Essential Questions
Eng. & Educator Osama Ghandour
Assiut STEM School

Networks: Token Ring and FDDI
4
Differences between 802.5 and FDDI
Token Ring
• Shielded twisted pair
• 4, 16 Mbps
• No reliability specified
• Differential Manchester
• Centralized clock
• Priority and Reservation bits
• New token after receive
FDDI
• Optical Fiber
• 100 Mbps
• Reliability specified (dual ring)
• 4B/5B encoding
• Distributed clocking
• Timed Token Rotation Time
• token after transmit
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MARCH 6, 2003 FDDIv 5
COMPARISON WITH OTHER NETWORKS
FEATURES FDDI ETHERNET TOKEN RING
TRANSMISSION
RATE
125 MBAUD 20 MBAUD 8 & 32 MBAUD
DATA RATE 100 MBPS 10 MBPS 4 & 16 MBPS
SIGNAL
ENCODING
4B/5B (80%
EFFICIENT)
MANCHESTER
(50%
EFFICIENT)
DIFFERENTIAL
MANCHESTER
(50% EFFICIENT)
MAXIMUM
COVERAGE
100 KM 2.5 KM CONFIGURATION
DEPENDENT
MAXIMUM
NODES
500 1024 250
MAXIMUM
DISTANCE
BETWEEN
NODES
2 KM (MULTIMODE
FIBER)
40 KM (SINGLE-
MODE FIBER)
2.5 KM 300 M
(RECOMMENDED
100 M)
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Biomimicry –
network wired cables
Nervous cell
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Biomimicry
Wireless network
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Essential Questions
•Why use Cables in networks ? Brain storm
•How to design and select suitable cable
types for computer / audio / video / tv
networks?
•What are the tools , devices , cables and
information which a network engineer
should has for installing a network ?
Activity 2
Eng. & Educator Osama Ghandour Assiut STEM School

15 min Introduction teacher demonstrate
Coaxial Cables
Twisted Pair Cables
Fiber Optic Cables
Assiut STEM School
Activity 3

15 min Introduction teacher demonstrate
Coaxial Cables
Twisted Pair Cables
Fiber Optic Cables
Connecting Coaxial Cables
Connecting Twisted Pair Cables
Internal Components of Coaxial Cables - Types of Coaxial Cables
- Connectors used with coaxial Cables
Types of Twisted pair Cables - Connectors used
with Twisted pair Cables
Internal Components of Fiber Optic Cables
- Connectors used with Fiber Optic
Connecting Fiber Optic Cables

Coaxial Cables 11
Activity 5 5 min
listen to an short animated
video about Coaxial Cables
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for on line
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for off lineOR
Assiut STEM School

Coaxial Cables 12
Activity 5 5 min
listen to an long animated
video about Coaxial Cables
Press here
for on line
Press here
for off lineOR
Assiut STEM School

Coaxial Cable
Overview:
 Was the foundation of Ethernet networks in 1970s – replaced by newer
twisted pair and fiber cable
 Has a single or multiple copper strands at its center – protected by PVC
or Teflon insulation
 Protected and grounded via metallic shield (“braiding”)
 Protected from physical damage by a layer of dielectric insulator
(“sheath”) on the outside
 Allows relatively long segments and highly resistant to noise – more
expensive and less convenient to handle
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Coaxial Cable
Overview (continued):
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Coaxial Cable
Overview (continued):
 Defined by Radio Guide (RG) specifications – with few most
common types in use
 Classify the cores according to American Wire Gauge (AWG)
numbers – the smaller is the diameter, the larger is the AWG
number
 Differ by materials used for the core and for shielding, the
core’s diameter, impedance, attenuation, data rates, and
terminators used
Assiut STEM School

Coaxial Cables
RG-58 Thin coax (also known as 10Base2)
RG-8 (“Thicknet”, “10Base5”)
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RG Ʀ Core size Usage
RG-6 75
ohm
thick & not
flexible F Con.
TV and Internet service over long
distances- not for LANs
RG-8
10Base5
50
ohm
very thick &
inconvenient
F Con.
up 10 Mbps with a maximum segment
length of 500 m
(Ethernet)
RG-58
10Base2
50
ohm
thin & quite
flexible
BNC Con.
up10 Mbps with a maximum segment
length of 185 m replaced the 10Base5 in
Data Networks
RG-59 75
ohm
thin & quite
flexible
BNC Con.
up 10 Mbps with a maximum segment length
of 185 m
For video signals in short distances cheaper
than RG-6 but suffers from attenuation

Thin coax (also known as 10Base2)
Thin coax looks like the copper
coaxial cabling that's often used
to connect a Video Recorder to
a TV.

Coaxial Cable Termination
Overview:
 Two common types – F-type and BNC
F-Connector:
 Suitable for cables with a solid metal core –
becomes the pin in the center of the connector
(used in RG-6)
 Mounted on a cable by crimping or compression –
both male and female connectors are threaded
and screw together like a nut and bolt assembly
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F-Connector (continued):
Male Female
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Bayonet Neill-Concelman (BNC) Connector:
 Mounted on a cable by crimping, compression, or
twisting – connects to another BNC connector via a
turning and locking mechanism (“bayonet coupling”)
 Male connector uses its own conducting pin – not the
core of the cable like F-type ones
 Commonly used with RG-59 cable
Assiut STEM School

BNC Connector (continued):
Male FemaleEng. & Educator Osama Ghandour
Assiut STEM School

BNC Connector (continued):
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These are really only suitable for audio
frequencies.
the jacks are color-coded as follows: red (audio-Right), black or
white (audio-Left) and yellow (composite video)
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Quarter inch and eighth inch
balanced and unbalanced

The BNC was designed for military use and has gained wide
acceptance in video and RF applications to 2 GHz
You will find these connectors on the front of some network analyzers.

BNC
Assiut STEM School

Assiut STEM School

Internal Components of Coaxial Cables -
Types of Coaxial Cables - Connectors used with
coaxial Cables
Assiut STEM School

Internal Components of Coaxial Cables - Types of
Coaxial Cables - Connectors used with coaxial Cables
Assiut STEM School

Front-end and back-end are terms used to characterize program interfaces
and services relative to the initial user of these interfaces and services
What is a Decibel?
A decibel (dB) is a unit used to express relative
differences in signal strength. A decibel is expressed as
the base 10 logarithm of the ratio of the power of two
signals, as shown here:
dB = 10 x Log10 (P1/P2)
where Log10 is the base 10 logarithm, and P1
and P2 are the powers to be compared.

What is a Decibel?
Note: Log10 is different from the Neparian
Logarithm (Ln or LN) base e logarithm.
You can also express signal amplitude in dB.
Power is proportional to the square of the
amplitude of a signal. Therefore, dB is expressed
as: dB = 20 x Log10 (V1/V2)
where V1 and V2 are the amplitudes to be
compared.
dBm = dB milliwatt = 10 x Log10 (Power in mW / 1 mW)
10 mW = 10 mW/1mW=10 = 10 dBm = 10 x Log10 (10)

AxB
x dB = 10 x Log10(A) + 10 x
Log10(B)
2 3 dB = 10 x Log10 (2)
A/B
x dB = 10 x Log10(A) - 10 x
Log10(B)
4 6 dB = 10 x Log10 (4)
1/A
x dB = + 10 x Log10 (1/A) = - 10 x
Log10 (A)
10 10 dB = 10 x Log10 (10)
0,01 - 20 dB = - 10 x Log10(100) 20
13 dB = 10 x (Log10 (10) +
Log10 (2))
0,1 - 10 dB = 10 x Log10 (1) 100 20 dB = 10 x Log10 (100)
1 0 dB = 10 x Log10 (1) 1000 30 dB = 10 x Log10 (1000)
What is a Decibel? X=𝟏𝟎(𝒚)
y= 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟏𝟎 𝒙

Internal
Components
of Coaxial
Cables -
Types of
Coaxial
Cables -
Connectors
used with
coaxial
Cables

RG Ʀ Core size Usage
RG-6 75
ohm
thick & not
flexible F Con.
TV and Internet service over long
distances- not for LANs
RG-8
10Base5
50
ohm
very thick &
inconvenient
F Con.
up 10 Mbps with a maximum segment
length of 500 m
(Ethernet)
RG-58
10Base2
50
ohm
thin & quite
flexible
BNC Con.
up10 Mbps with a maximum segment
length of 185 m replaced the 10Base5 in
Data Networks
RG-59 75
ohm
thin & quite
flexible
BNC Con.
up 10 Mbps with a maximum segment length
of 185 m
For video signals in short distances cheaper
than RG-6 but suffers from attenuation

Installing a
network using
10Base 2/5
coaxial cables
Assiut STEM School

How could to know about network cables ?
10 min
•Example Movie
Ask or call a
college
Ask a
teacher Ask or call an expert
or an engineer
Search through search
engine such as google
or Bing for ppt or pdf
files using your laptop
or smart phone through
internet connection
Search through
YouTube
Search through wiki
Beddia
Activity 4
Assiut STEM School
38

•Distributing samples and
pictures of different cables
types students then asking
questions.
Activity 5 10 min
Assiut STEM School

Homework
 Read the chapter and the summary section,
then review the key terms learned
 Answer the review questions and verify
your answers with the chapter or lecture
slides
 Complete the case projects 3-1 and 3-3
Assiut STEM School

Coaxial Cables
41
Activity 5 5 min
video about UTP / STP
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Twisted Pair Cables
(also known as 10BaseT).
cabling looks like ordinary
telephone wire, except that it has 8
wires inside
instead of 4
cable cannot exceed 325 feet or 100 m
in length.
Cat5e cable, with a standard
connector, known as an RJ-45
connector.

10BaseT cabling is available in different grades or categories. Some grades,
or "cats", are required for Fast Ethernet networks, while others are
perfectly
acceptable for standard 10Mbps networks--and less expensive, too. All new
networks use a minimum of standard unshielded twisted-pair (UTP)
Category 5e 10BaseT cabling because it offers a performance advantage
over lower grades.
Activity 6 10 min
Assiut STEM School

The baud rate is the rate at which
information is transferred in a
communication channel. In the serial
port context, "9600 baud" means that
the serial port is capable of transferring
a maximum of 9600 bits per second.
Assiut STEM School

Types of Twisted pair Cables -
Connectors used with Twisted pair Cables
Assiut STEM School

Types of
Twisted pair
Cables -
Connectors used
with Twisted pair
Cables

Assiut STEM School

Connecting Twisted
Pair Cables
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Straight Through Vs Crossover
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The following summarizes the features of UTP cable:
- Speed and throughput—10 to 1000 Mbps - Average cost per node—Least expensive
- Media and connector size—Small - Maximum cable length—100 m (short)
Commonly used types of UTP cabling are as follows:
• Category 1—Used for telephone communications. Not suitable for transmitting data.
• Cat 2—Capable of transmitting data at speeds up to 4 megabits per second (Mbps).
• Category 3—Used in 10BASE-T networks. Can transmit data at speeds up to 10 Mbps.
• Category 4—Used in Token Ring networks. Can transmit data at speeds up to 16 Mbps.
• Category 5—Can transmit data at speeds up to 100 Mbps.
• Cat 5e —Used in networks running at speeds up to 1000 Mbps or 1 Gbps.
• Category 6—Typically, Category 6 cable consists of four pairs of 24 American Wire
Gauge (AWG) copper wires. Category 6 cable is currently the fastest standard for UTP ,
with Cat6 STP data can travel with 10 Gbps . Eng. & Educator Osama Ghandour
Assiut STEM School

Shielded Twisted-Pair Cable
(STP) cable combines the techniques of shielding,
cancellation, and wire twisting. Each pair of wires is
wrapped in a metallic foil . The four pairs of wires then
are wrapped in an overall metallic braid or foil, usually
150-ohm cable. As specified for use in Ethernet
network installations, STP reduces electrical noise both
within the cable (pair-to-pair coupling, or crosstalk)
and from outside the cable (EMI and RFI).Eng. & Educator Osama Ghandour
Assiut STEM School

Although STPprevents interference better than
UTP, it is more expensive and difficult to install.
In addition, the metallic shielding must be grounded
at both ends. If it is improperly grounded, the shield
acts like an antenna and picks up unwanted signals.
Because of its cost and difficulty with termination,
STP is rarely used in Ethernet networks. STP is
primarily used in Europe. Eng. & Educator Osama Ghandour
Assiut STEM School

Coaxial Cables
55
Activity 5 5 min
ppt about connecting UTP /
STP
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Coaxial Cables
56
Activity 5 5 min
video about cables UTP / STP
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Coaxial Cables
57
Activity 5 5 min
video about crossover –
straight of UTP / STP
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Network engineers are working in a
team work

The following summarizes the features of STP cable:
- Speed —10 to 100 Mbps - Average cost Moderately expensive
- Media and connector size—Medium to large
• Maximum cable length—100 m (short)
When comparing UTP and STP, keep the following points in mind:
• The speed of both types of cable is usually satisfactory for LAN
• These are the least-expensive media for data communication. UTP
is less expensive than STP.
• Because most buildings are already wired with UTP, many
transmission standards are adapted to use it, to avoid costly
rewiring with an alternative cable type.

Fiber
Optic
Cables
Single Mode Fiber Optic Cable
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Coaxial Cables
61
Activity 5 5 min
video about Fiber optical
cables
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Fiber Optic Cable
Layered Structure:
 Inner core – glass or plastic fibers at the center that carry
laser pulses or an LED light used for data transmission
 Cladding – a layer of plastic or glass around the fibers
that reflects the light back to the core
 Plastic buffer – an opaque layer that protects the
cladding and the core and absorbs any light that escapes
 Strands of Kevlar – a polymeric fiber that surrounds the
plastic buffer and prevents stretching and damaging
 Plastic sheath – providing the overall cable protection
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Internal Components
of Fiber Optic Cables
- Connectors used
with Fiber Optic
Assiut STEM School

Internal Components of Fiber Optic Cables
- Connectors used with Fiber Optic

Fiber Optic Cable
Layered Structure (continued):

Fiber Optic Cable
Single-Mode Fiber (SMF):
 Uses narrow core – less than 10 microns in diameter
 Propagates light without reflections – causes no
dispersion and no significant energy loss
 Provides the highest bandwidth of all media and
allows the longest distance without requiring
repeaters
 Allows 60 km (37 mi) long segments at 10 Gbps
 Good for connecting large networks together
 The most expensive networking medium
 Suitable for WANs Eng. & Educator Osama Ghandour
Assiut STEM School

Fiber Optic Cable
Single-Mode Fiber (continued):
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Multi-Mode Fiber (MMF):
 Uses wider core – from 50 to 115 microns in diameter,
with 62.5 microns being most common size
 Multiple laser or LED pulses are sent over the fiber at
different angles
 Allows 300 m (910 ft) long segments at 10 Gbps, 550 m
(1670 ft) at 1 Gbps, and 2 km (6060 ft) at 100 Mbps
 Used for connecting network devices to a backbone
 Suitable for both LANs and WANs
Fiber Optic Cable

Single and Multimode Fiber
Single-mode fiber
Carries light pulses
along single path
Uses Laser Light
Source
Multimode fiber
Many pulses of light
generated by LED
travel at different
angles
Physical Media
Assiut STEM School

SMF vs. MMF:
Fiber Optic Cable
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MMF vs. Copper, Advantages:
 Allows longest distances without requiring repeaters
 Much more resistant to noise
 Very secure – tapping into light transmissions isn’t
easy
MMF vs. Copper, Disadvantages:
 Installation and field repairs are much more complex
for MMF (requires special equipment)
 Much more expensive
 MMF is used to provide much higher throughput – not
anymore (CAT7 TP cable – up to 10 Gbps)
Fiber Optic Cable
Assiut STEM School

Fiber Optic Cable
Characteristics:
 Highest throughput – no resistance allows achieving 100
Gbps per channel and reduces errors
 Highest cost – most expensive medium, NICs, and hubs, plus
the highest installation costs – not practical for small
networks
 Best EMI and noise immunity – no current used
 Size and scalability – segment length is limited by degradation
of the signal (“optical loss”), with typical values from 150 to
40,000 meters (455 to 121,200 ft)
 Imperfections at connection points affect segment length

Fiber Optic Cable
Connectors:
 Ten different types exist, with four being being most common –
Straight Tip (ST), Standard Connector (SC), Local Connector (LC),
and Mechanical Transfer Registered Jack (MT-RJ)
 All can be used for both SMF and MMF
 ST and SC are used on older networks
 LC and MT-RJ are smaller in size – allow higher density at
termination points, used in newer networks
 MT-RJ connector contains two strands of fiber in a short
protective tube (“ferrule”), allowing full-duplex mode
Assiut STEM School

Fiber Optic Cable
Connectors (continued):
ST connector SC connector
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Fiber Optic Connectors
75Eng. & Educator Osama Ghandour
Assiut STEM School

Fiber Optic Cable
LC connector MT-RJ connector
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Fiber Optic Cable
Assiut STEM School

Fiber Optic Cable
Cost:
 PCI Express NIC, single LC connector: $500–
600
 MMF 50 ft cable, LC connecter: $50 – 60
 Troubleshooting implies using professional
services
 Installation time and labor costs are much
higher than for TP cable
Assiut STEM School

Single Mode Fiber Optic Cable
has a small diametral core that allows only
one mode of light to propagate. Because of
this, the number of light reflections
created as the light passes through the
core decreases, lowering attenuation and
creating the ability for the signal to travel
further. This application is typically used
in long distance, higher bandwidth runs
by Telcos, CATV companies, and Colleges
and Universities , Ex 1Gps for length of
1000m.
usually 9/125 in construction. This means
that the core to cladding diameter ratio is
9 microns to 125 microns.
Multimode Fiber Optic Cable
usually 62.5/125 in construction.
This means that the core to cladding
diameter ratio is 62.5 microns to 125
microns.
has a large diametral core that allows multiple
modes of light in different angeles to propagate.
So , the number of light reflections created as the
light passes through the core increases, creating
the ability for more data to pass through at a
given time. Because of the high dispersion and
attenuation rate with this type of fiber, the
quality of the signal is reduced over long
distances. This application is typically used for
short distance, data and audio/video applications
in LANs. RF broadband signals, Ex 10Gps for
Types Of Fiber Optic Cables
SMF MMF

TOSLINK – Optical “Lightpipe”
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a "LC" connector in fiber optics referred to as . Lucent Connector related to Alcatel Lucent
Other cables and connectors for your general knowledge
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MT-RJ IEEE 1394 RJ11 USB 2.0
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Other cables and connectors for your general knowledge

For advanced
information beyond
our STEM Curriculum
Read the following slides about wireless
media

Wireless Media
Very useful in difficult terrain
where cable laying is not
possible.
Provides mobility to
communication nodes.
Right of way and cable laying
costs can be reduced.
Susceptible to rain, atmospheric
variations and Objects in
transmission path.
Physical Media
Assiut STEM School

Wireless Media
Indoor : 10 – 50m : BlueTooth, WLAN
Short range Outdoor : 50 – 200m: WLAN
Mid Range Outdoor : 200m – 5 Km : GSM, CDMA,
WLAN Point-to-Point, Wi-Max
Long Range Outdoor : 5 Km – 100 Km : Microwave
Point-to-Point
Long Distance Communication : Across Continents :
Satellite Communication
Physical Media
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Frequency Bands
Band Range Propagation Application
VLF 3–30 KHz Ground Long-range radio navigation
LF 30–300 KHz Ground
Radio beacons and
navigational locators
MF 300 KHz–3 MHz Sky AM radio
HF 3–30 MHz Sky
Citizens band (CB),
ship/aircraft communication
VHF 30–300 MHz
Sky and
line-of-sight
VHF TV,
FM radio
UHF 300 MHz–3 GHz Line-of-sight
UHF TV, cellular phones,
paging, satellite
SHF 3–30 GHz Line-of-sight Satellite communication
EHF 30–300 GHz Line-of-sight Long-range radio navigation
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Wireless LAN
Physical Media
Internet
Router
Switch
Access Point
Access Point
PC
PC
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Terrestrial Microwave
Microwaves do not follow
the curvature of earth
Line-of-Sight transmission
Height allows the signal to
travel farther
Two frequencies for two
way communication
Repeater is used to increase
the distance Hop-by-Hop
Physical Media
Assiut STEM School

Satellite Communication
Physical Media
Assiut STEM School

brain storm “installing network cables”
•Practical Network Systems
Work in a group of 3/4 students , Write in
a paper What are the tools , devices ,
cables and information which a network
engineer should has for installing a
network ? 10 min
Activity 7
10 min
Assiut STEM School

Closing the session with a summery !

MARCH 6, 2003 FDDI 92
COMPARISON OF TRANSMISSION MEDIA
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Note.all students
should install the
packet tracer network
software application

References :
http://www.cablinginstall.com/na/siemon-
company/smart-cities-start-with-intelligent-building-
solutions.html
www.commscope.com
www.nexans.com
BETSY ZIOBRON is a freelance She can
be reached at: bziobron@comcast.net
Leon-Garcia & Widjaja: Communication Networks
HTTP://WWW.CISCO.COM/UNIVERCD/CC/TD/DOC/CISINTWK/ITO_
DOC/FDDI.HTM#XTOCID14
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CCNA
Certified Computer Network Administrator
this Certificate from Cisco company
www.netacade.com
Assiut STEM School

Assiut STEM School
96
Do your best , engage ,
have a good attitude ,
present and practice in
Computer Lab. to win
this certificate.

5 min Reflection
• What is your goal to accomplish in
next week End Using one type of
networks cable ?
• What are the cases in which we
need to use fiber optics cables ?
Assiut STEM School

Home work
•provide a summary comparison
between coaxial , Twisted Pair and
Fiber Optic Cables .
•Solve the on line mcq quiz about
network cables types and its
features .
Assiut STEM School
98

If you do not feel happy, smile and
pretend to be happy.
•Smiling produces serotonin which
is a neurotransmitter linked with
feelings of happiness

Thanks

Find me @
https://twitter.com/osamageris
https://www.linkedin.com/in/osamaghandour/
https://www.youtube.com/user/osmgg2
https://www.facebook.com/osama.g.geris
101
Find me by clicking @
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2020 types of network cabels

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2020 types of network cabels