The document is ITU-T Recommendation G.651.1 which recommends characteristics for a 50/125 μm multimode graded index optical fibre cable for use in optical access networks, specifically in multi-tenant building sub-networks. It defines fibre and cable attributes such as dimensions, optical properties, transmission characteristics etc. and provides reference values in tables to ensure compatibility with network equipment standards such as IEEE 802.3. The recommended fibre type is a improved version of the widely used 50/125 μm multimode fibre, allowing cost-effective 1 Gbps Ethernet connectivity over link lengths up to 550m.
This document discusses fiber to the home (FTTH) networks. It begins by providing background on communications service providers and the evolution of access networks from copper wire to newer fiber optic technologies. Fiber access networks like passive optical networks (PON) are described as offering higher speeds and bandwidth. FTTH networks provide an ultimate network capacity and allow for new experiences like high definition TV, 3D content, and high-speed internet. The conclusion is that FTTH using optical fiber is a future-proof solution. The document is authored by Eng. Anuradha Udunuwara, an engineer with experience in telecommunications network strategy, architecture, and design.
This presentation introduces GEPON (Gigabit Ethernet Passive Optical Network) technology. It begins with an overview of optical fiber technology and WDM (wavelength division multiplexing). GEPON uses a single fiber with different wavelengths for upstream and downstream traffic. The presentation demonstrates Versa Technology's GEPON equipment, including the OLT (Optical Line Terminal) and ONT (Optical Network Terminal) that connect to customer sites over a passive optical distribution network using splitters. It provides features for delivering services such as internet, voice, and video over the GEPON network.
This document discusses fiber optic installation standards for Malaysia. It covers topics like fiber types used, fusion splicing, indoor and outdoor fiber cable specifications, fiber termination boxes, wall sockets, manholes, ductways and more. Standards are provided for single dwelling units, multi-dwelling units, and different building types. Requirements are outlined for fiber cabling within buildings and premises.
This document provides an overview of fiber to the x (FTTX) networks using passive optical networks (PON). It begins with an introduction to FTTX and PON technologies. It then discusses the different PON architectures including point-to-multipoint PON using optical splitters, active optical networks with dedicated fibers, and hybrid networks. The document also covers considerations for PON including bandwidth, distance, security, quality of service, and future developments in PON technologies.
Presented by Mark Boxer & Jeff Bush of OFS
Agenda:
• Why Fiber?
• Fiber Feeds Everything
• Nuts and Bolts -The Components
• Installation Techniques
• Network Architectures and Planning
The document discusses GPON (Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network) technology. It provides an overview of GPON standards and network architecture. GPON uses wavelength division multiplexing and TDMA to transmit data over a single fiber. The key standards are ITU-T G.984 series, which define aspects like transmission rates, frame structure, and OMCI management. A GPON network provides various access methods like FTTH, FTTB, and FTTC to support broadband services.
This document provides an overview of GPON (Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network) fundamentals from Huawei Technologies. It begins with basic concepts of PON networks, including the architecture and working principles. It then covers key topics like GPON standards, performance parameters, protection modes, and frame structure. The document is intended to give readers a preliminary understanding of GPON networks.
This document discusses FiberHome's Smart ODN solution for optical distribution networks. It begins with an overview of the history and challenges of copper and optical cabling systems. It then describes FiberHome's Smart ODN solution, which uses electronic identification and radio frequency identification technologies to automatically collect device and port information. This allows for unified resource management, optimized service provisioning, and improved network operations and maintenance. The document provides examples of Smart ODN hardware and functions. It concludes with a case study showing the benefits realized by China Mobile in implementing FiberHome's Smart ODN solution, such as increased fiber resource utilization, faster service provisioning speeds, and reduced maintenance periods.
This document discusses fiber to the home (FTTH) networks. It begins by providing background on communications service providers and the evolution of access networks from copper wire to newer fiber optic technologies. Fiber access networks like passive optical networks (PON) are described as offering higher speeds and bandwidth. FTTH networks provide an ultimate network capacity and allow for new experiences like high definition TV, 3D content, and high-speed internet. The conclusion is that FTTH using optical fiber is a future-proof solution. The document is authored by Eng. Anuradha Udunuwara, an engineer with experience in telecommunications network strategy, architecture, and design.
This presentation introduces GEPON (Gigabit Ethernet Passive Optical Network) technology. It begins with an overview of optical fiber technology and WDM (wavelength division multiplexing). GEPON uses a single fiber with different wavelengths for upstream and downstream traffic. The presentation demonstrates Versa Technology's GEPON equipment, including the OLT (Optical Line Terminal) and ONT (Optical Network Terminal) that connect to customer sites over a passive optical distribution network using splitters. It provides features for delivering services such as internet, voice, and video over the GEPON network.
This document discusses fiber optic installation standards for Malaysia. It covers topics like fiber types used, fusion splicing, indoor and outdoor fiber cable specifications, fiber termination boxes, wall sockets, manholes, ductways and more. Standards are provided for single dwelling units, multi-dwelling units, and different building types. Requirements are outlined for fiber cabling within buildings and premises.
This document provides an overview of fiber to the x (FTTX) networks using passive optical networks (PON). It begins with an introduction to FTTX and PON technologies. It then discusses the different PON architectures including point-to-multipoint PON using optical splitters, active optical networks with dedicated fibers, and hybrid networks. The document also covers considerations for PON including bandwidth, distance, security, quality of service, and future developments in PON technologies.
Presented by Mark Boxer & Jeff Bush of OFS
Agenda:
• Why Fiber?
• Fiber Feeds Everything
• Nuts and Bolts -The Components
• Installation Techniques
• Network Architectures and Planning
The document discusses GPON (Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network) technology. It provides an overview of GPON standards and network architecture. GPON uses wavelength division multiplexing and TDMA to transmit data over a single fiber. The key standards are ITU-T G.984 series, which define aspects like transmission rates, frame structure, and OMCI management. A GPON network provides various access methods like FTTH, FTTB, and FTTC to support broadband services.
This document provides an overview of GPON (Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network) fundamentals from Huawei Technologies. It begins with basic concepts of PON networks, including the architecture and working principles. It then covers key topics like GPON standards, performance parameters, protection modes, and frame structure. The document is intended to give readers a preliminary understanding of GPON networks.
This document discusses FiberHome's Smart ODN solution for optical distribution networks. It begins with an overview of the history and challenges of copper and optical cabling systems. It then describes FiberHome's Smart ODN solution, which uses electronic identification and radio frequency identification technologies to automatically collect device and port information. This allows for unified resource management, optimized service provisioning, and improved network operations and maintenance. The document provides examples of Smart ODN hardware and functions. It concludes with a case study showing the benefits realized by China Mobile in implementing FiberHome's Smart ODN solution, such as increased fiber resource utilization, faster service provisioning speeds, and reduced maintenance periods.
GEPON (Gigabit Ethernet Passive Optical Network) is a fiber access technology for point-to-multipoint applications using a single fiber. It consists of an Optical Line Terminal (OLT), Optical Network Units (ONUs), a passive optical splitter, and optical distribution networks. GEPON uses different wavelengths (1490nm downstream, 1310nm upstream) over the single fiber for transmitting and receiving data between the OLT and multiple ONUs. It offers symmetrical bandwidth up to 1Gbps over transmission lengths of 10-20km while supporting data, voice, and video delivery to end users.
1. The document discusses the history and evolution of wireless communication technologies from 1G to 4G. It describes the standards and technologies that defined each generation including AM, FM, GSM, CDMA, WCDMA, LTE and WiMAX.
2. 4G is defined as providing broadband internet access with speeds up to 100 Mbps for mobile users and 1 Gbps for stationary users. Common 4G standards include LTE, WiMAX, HSPA+ and Wi-Fi.
3. 4G networks implement a 5-layer architecture including fixed, personal, hotspot, cellular and distribution layers to deliver high-speed internet access. Requirements for setting up 4G networks include the nature
The Outlook of Broad Band Optical Access NetworksCedric Lam
The document summarizes the outlook of broadband optical access networks. It discusses drivers for continuing growth in internet traffic and new applications. This will require higher bandwidth access networks. Technologies like fiber to the premises (FTTP) networks using passive optical networks (PON) can meet these needs. Standards like Gigabit PON (GPON) and Ethernet PON (EPON) are discussed and compared. Video on demand (VoD) is highlighted as a bandwidth intensive killer application that will strain existing networks. The deployment of fiber networks globally and in the US is summarized. 10 Gigabit Ethernet PON is presented as an upgrade path to meet future bandwidth demands.
IRJET- A Review on Mobile Computing Wireless Communication Technology using 0...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of mobile computing and wireless communication technologies from 0G to 7G. It begins with an abstract that outlines the evolution of mobile wireless generations. The body then discusses each generation in more detail, describing the key technologies, features, and advancements of 0G, 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G, 6G, and 7G. The review concludes that research is ongoing into future 6G and 7G technologies to further improve upon capabilities introduced in previous generations.
An optical network unit (ONU) is a device that transforms incoming optical signals into electronics at a customer's premises in order to provide telecommunications services over an optical fibre network.
Basics of Optical Network Architecture, PON & GPONSyed Shujat Ali
Our Team's University Project | A short presentation based project regarding optical fiber communication in which basics of Optical Network Architecture, PON & GPON were discussed.
These are sample slides taken from my 4 days long "GPON-FTTx" training course. This course has over 380 slides and it is a great source of learning about various topics related to GPON & FTTx. There are tons of exercises and real-world examples provided in teaching material.
This document discusses and compares active optical networks (AON) and passive optical networks (PON). AON uses electrically powered switching equipment to direct signals to specific users through dedicated fibers, while PON uses unpowered splitters to broadcast signals to multiple users over shared fibers. Key differences are that AON provides dedicated bandwidth but is more expensive to implement and maintain, while PON has lower costs but provides shared bandwidth over shorter transmission distances. Both AON and PON are common fiber optic network architectures, with tradeoffs to consider between cost, coverage area, and other factors for a given deployment.
This document discusses future access network technologies. It begins by introducing different access network architectures using copper or fiber connections to end users. The key criteria for designing access networks are meeting future bandwidth demands cost-effectively based on user forecasts. While copper remains an option if already deployed, fiber is more future-proof due to its vast bandwidth. Passive optical networks (PON) using fiber to the home/building are discussed as the most common fiber architecture. Different PON technologies like GPON, EPON, and upcoming WDM PON are summarized.
The document discusses key concepts and technologies of GPON (Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Networks), including:
1) The basic architecture of PON networks consisting of an OLT, ONUs, and a passive optical splitter.
2) Reasons for adopting the GPON standard such as supporting high-bandwidth transmission and long reach.
3) Key GPON technologies including ranging, equalization delay, dynamic bandwidth assignment (DBA), and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) for upstream/downstream transmission.
The document provides an overview of the Aircel company and its core business activities, which include 2G, 3G, and wireless broadband services. It then discusses the basic architecture of GSM networks, including key components like the base station subsystem (BSS), mobile station (MS), SIM card, and their functions. The BSS is responsible for radio network management and consists of base station controllers (BSC), base transceiver stations (BTS), and transcoder units. The SIM card identifies subscribers and supports authentication, while the MSISDN and IMSI are subscriber identification numbers.
This document provides an overview of GPON (Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network) technology:
- GPON uses wavelength division multiplexing to enable bidirectional communication over a single fiber, with downstream broadcast and upstream TDMA for multiplexing user signals.
- Key standards include ITU-T G.984 for parameters, G.984.2 for physical layer specs, G.984.3 for transmission convergence layer, and G.984.4 for OMCI management.
- The GPON architecture consists of an OLT, ONUs, a passive optical splitter, and supports transmission speeds up to 2.5Gbps downstream and 1.25Gbps upstream.
Technological and Cost based comparison of NGPONRAHUL KANEKAR
The document analyzes and compares 10GPON and WDM PON technologies for upgrading existing PON infrastructure to support higher bandwidth demands. It finds that while WDM PON has advantages in reach, bandwidth, and power consumption, 10GPON meets the technical requirements and is more cost effective for an area with 10,000 subscribers. A cost analysis shows the total capital expenditure for a 10GPON network would be $6.69 million compared to $8.33 million for WDM PON. Operational costs are also lower for 10GPON. Therefore, the document concludes 10GPON is the most scalable and cost effective solution for the given area.
The document discusses fiber optic cable types and designs. It describes the various construction elements that make up fiber optic cables, including the fiber buffer, cable core, sheath, armor, and other protective elements. It also outlines the different cable construction types for outdoor, indoor, and special use cables. Finally, it provides details on the fiber optic cable production process and specifications.
The document is about a training course on GPON fundamentals. It discusses the objectives of describing GPON network architecture, basic concepts, and applications. It outlines the contents which will cover an overview of optical access networks, basic PON concepts, GPON frame structure, key technologies, management, provisioning, and basic services over GPON. Standards referenced include ITU-T G.984.1 to G.984.4.
This document discusses Huawei's fiber-to-the-x (FTTx) solutions and digital subscriber line (DSL) technologies for network migration. It highlights Huawei's innovations that facilitate broadband deployment over copper lines and fiber networks. These include vectoring, G.fast, and all-in-one outdoor cabinets. The document also outlines Huawei's N2510 network testing platform for accurate fault location, demarcation, and proactive network maintenance.
This document provides an overview of 4G technology, including its goals of drastically increasing data transfer speeds and reducing transmission interruptions when moving between networks. It discusses technologies that fall under the 4G umbrella such as UMTS, OFDM, MIMO, and WiMAX. It also outlines some problems with 4G including potential interference with other devices and an inability to keep up with demand growth.
4G networks aim to provide higher data transfer rates, support more users, and enable new applications compared to 3G networks. Key technologies required for 4G include OFDMA, MIMO, wider bandwidth channels between 100-200 MHz, and hybrid network architectures. Challenges in developing 4G networks include securing sufficient licensed spectrum, providing seamless coverage between different radio access technologies, developing caching technologies, and establishing network selection mechanisms. 4G aims to support applications like mobile TV with high resolution, telemedicine, location-based services, and seamless IP connectivity for users on the move.
Survey of Cryptosystems and Physical Layer Security for MIMO TechnologiesDAYASAGAR PATIBANDLA
This document provides an overview of a paper that surveys cryptosystems and physical layer security for MIMO technologies. It discusses various forms of MIMO including multi-antenna MIMO, multi-user MIMO, cooperative MIMO, macro diversity MIMO, and massive MIMO. It also covers functions of MIMO such as precoding, spatial multiplexing, and diversity coding. The literature survey section discusses research on integrating security into MIMO technologies and combating issues like pilot contamination in massive MIMO systems.
What Makes 5G Network Different - Digital Nasional BerhadDigitalNational
5G is the next generation of mobile networks that will provide faster speeds, greater capacity, and low latency. It will allow for new applications and use cases across various industries. Some key benefits of 5G include enhanced mobile broadband, fixed wireless access, massive IoT, industrial IoT, and critical IoT applications. 5G will enable an estimated $13 trillion in global economic benefits by 2035.
This document describes the transmission convergence layer specification for Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Networks (G-PON). It defines the frame structure, encapsulation, dynamic bandwidth allocation, operations, administration and maintenance (OAM) functionality, security, and other aspects of the transmission convergence layer. The transmission convergence layer provides the interface between the optical distribution network and the payload data and is responsible for the transmission of different traffic types over the G-PON infrastructure. It allows the transport of services such as voice, video and data at rates up to 2.5 Gbps downstream and 1.25 Gbps upstream through encapsulation using the G-PON Encapsulation Method (GEM).
This document defines the functional building blocks and rules for combining them to describe the optical transport network functionality within equipment, such as optical transmission section termination, optical multiplex section termination, optical channel termination, and optical channel cross-connect functionality. It uses a specification methodology based on functional decomposition and defines functional blocks for the OCh, OTU, and ODU layers of the optical transport network architecture. The functional blocks can be combined to specify UNI and NNI interfaces. Optical technology-dependent aspects are not defined to allow for technology changes within optical subnetworks.
GEPON (Gigabit Ethernet Passive Optical Network) is a fiber access technology for point-to-multipoint applications using a single fiber. It consists of an Optical Line Terminal (OLT), Optical Network Units (ONUs), a passive optical splitter, and optical distribution networks. GEPON uses different wavelengths (1490nm downstream, 1310nm upstream) over the single fiber for transmitting and receiving data between the OLT and multiple ONUs. It offers symmetrical bandwidth up to 1Gbps over transmission lengths of 10-20km while supporting data, voice, and video delivery to end users.
1. The document discusses the history and evolution of wireless communication technologies from 1G to 4G. It describes the standards and technologies that defined each generation including AM, FM, GSM, CDMA, WCDMA, LTE and WiMAX.
2. 4G is defined as providing broadband internet access with speeds up to 100 Mbps for mobile users and 1 Gbps for stationary users. Common 4G standards include LTE, WiMAX, HSPA+ and Wi-Fi.
3. 4G networks implement a 5-layer architecture including fixed, personal, hotspot, cellular and distribution layers to deliver high-speed internet access. Requirements for setting up 4G networks include the nature
The Outlook of Broad Band Optical Access NetworksCedric Lam
The document summarizes the outlook of broadband optical access networks. It discusses drivers for continuing growth in internet traffic and new applications. This will require higher bandwidth access networks. Technologies like fiber to the premises (FTTP) networks using passive optical networks (PON) can meet these needs. Standards like Gigabit PON (GPON) and Ethernet PON (EPON) are discussed and compared. Video on demand (VoD) is highlighted as a bandwidth intensive killer application that will strain existing networks. The deployment of fiber networks globally and in the US is summarized. 10 Gigabit Ethernet PON is presented as an upgrade path to meet future bandwidth demands.
IRJET- A Review on Mobile Computing Wireless Communication Technology using 0...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of mobile computing and wireless communication technologies from 0G to 7G. It begins with an abstract that outlines the evolution of mobile wireless generations. The body then discusses each generation in more detail, describing the key technologies, features, and advancements of 0G, 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G, 6G, and 7G. The review concludes that research is ongoing into future 6G and 7G technologies to further improve upon capabilities introduced in previous generations.
An optical network unit (ONU) is a device that transforms incoming optical signals into electronics at a customer's premises in order to provide telecommunications services over an optical fibre network.
Basics of Optical Network Architecture, PON & GPONSyed Shujat Ali
Our Team's University Project | A short presentation based project regarding optical fiber communication in which basics of Optical Network Architecture, PON & GPON were discussed.
These are sample slides taken from my 4 days long "GPON-FTTx" training course. This course has over 380 slides and it is a great source of learning about various topics related to GPON & FTTx. There are tons of exercises and real-world examples provided in teaching material.
This document discusses and compares active optical networks (AON) and passive optical networks (PON). AON uses electrically powered switching equipment to direct signals to specific users through dedicated fibers, while PON uses unpowered splitters to broadcast signals to multiple users over shared fibers. Key differences are that AON provides dedicated bandwidth but is more expensive to implement and maintain, while PON has lower costs but provides shared bandwidth over shorter transmission distances. Both AON and PON are common fiber optic network architectures, with tradeoffs to consider between cost, coverage area, and other factors for a given deployment.
This document discusses future access network technologies. It begins by introducing different access network architectures using copper or fiber connections to end users. The key criteria for designing access networks are meeting future bandwidth demands cost-effectively based on user forecasts. While copper remains an option if already deployed, fiber is more future-proof due to its vast bandwidth. Passive optical networks (PON) using fiber to the home/building are discussed as the most common fiber architecture. Different PON technologies like GPON, EPON, and upcoming WDM PON are summarized.
The document discusses key concepts and technologies of GPON (Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Networks), including:
1) The basic architecture of PON networks consisting of an OLT, ONUs, and a passive optical splitter.
2) Reasons for adopting the GPON standard such as supporting high-bandwidth transmission and long reach.
3) Key GPON technologies including ranging, equalization delay, dynamic bandwidth assignment (DBA), and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) for upstream/downstream transmission.
The document provides an overview of the Aircel company and its core business activities, which include 2G, 3G, and wireless broadband services. It then discusses the basic architecture of GSM networks, including key components like the base station subsystem (BSS), mobile station (MS), SIM card, and their functions. The BSS is responsible for radio network management and consists of base station controllers (BSC), base transceiver stations (BTS), and transcoder units. The SIM card identifies subscribers and supports authentication, while the MSISDN and IMSI are subscriber identification numbers.
This document provides an overview of GPON (Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network) technology:
- GPON uses wavelength division multiplexing to enable bidirectional communication over a single fiber, with downstream broadcast and upstream TDMA for multiplexing user signals.
- Key standards include ITU-T G.984 for parameters, G.984.2 for physical layer specs, G.984.3 for transmission convergence layer, and G.984.4 for OMCI management.
- The GPON architecture consists of an OLT, ONUs, a passive optical splitter, and supports transmission speeds up to 2.5Gbps downstream and 1.25Gbps upstream.
Technological and Cost based comparison of NGPONRAHUL KANEKAR
The document analyzes and compares 10GPON and WDM PON technologies for upgrading existing PON infrastructure to support higher bandwidth demands. It finds that while WDM PON has advantages in reach, bandwidth, and power consumption, 10GPON meets the technical requirements and is more cost effective for an area with 10,000 subscribers. A cost analysis shows the total capital expenditure for a 10GPON network would be $6.69 million compared to $8.33 million for WDM PON. Operational costs are also lower for 10GPON. Therefore, the document concludes 10GPON is the most scalable and cost effective solution for the given area.
The document discusses fiber optic cable types and designs. It describes the various construction elements that make up fiber optic cables, including the fiber buffer, cable core, sheath, armor, and other protective elements. It also outlines the different cable construction types for outdoor, indoor, and special use cables. Finally, it provides details on the fiber optic cable production process and specifications.
The document is about a training course on GPON fundamentals. It discusses the objectives of describing GPON network architecture, basic concepts, and applications. It outlines the contents which will cover an overview of optical access networks, basic PON concepts, GPON frame structure, key technologies, management, provisioning, and basic services over GPON. Standards referenced include ITU-T G.984.1 to G.984.4.
This document discusses Huawei's fiber-to-the-x (FTTx) solutions and digital subscriber line (DSL) technologies for network migration. It highlights Huawei's innovations that facilitate broadband deployment over copper lines and fiber networks. These include vectoring, G.fast, and all-in-one outdoor cabinets. The document also outlines Huawei's N2510 network testing platform for accurate fault location, demarcation, and proactive network maintenance.
This document provides an overview of 4G technology, including its goals of drastically increasing data transfer speeds and reducing transmission interruptions when moving between networks. It discusses technologies that fall under the 4G umbrella such as UMTS, OFDM, MIMO, and WiMAX. It also outlines some problems with 4G including potential interference with other devices and an inability to keep up with demand growth.
4G networks aim to provide higher data transfer rates, support more users, and enable new applications compared to 3G networks. Key technologies required for 4G include OFDMA, MIMO, wider bandwidth channels between 100-200 MHz, and hybrid network architectures. Challenges in developing 4G networks include securing sufficient licensed spectrum, providing seamless coverage between different radio access technologies, developing caching technologies, and establishing network selection mechanisms. 4G aims to support applications like mobile TV with high resolution, telemedicine, location-based services, and seamless IP connectivity for users on the move.
Survey of Cryptosystems and Physical Layer Security for MIMO TechnologiesDAYASAGAR PATIBANDLA
This document provides an overview of a paper that surveys cryptosystems and physical layer security for MIMO technologies. It discusses various forms of MIMO including multi-antenna MIMO, multi-user MIMO, cooperative MIMO, macro diversity MIMO, and massive MIMO. It also covers functions of MIMO such as precoding, spatial multiplexing, and diversity coding. The literature survey section discusses research on integrating security into MIMO technologies and combating issues like pilot contamination in massive MIMO systems.
What Makes 5G Network Different - Digital Nasional BerhadDigitalNational
5G is the next generation of mobile networks that will provide faster speeds, greater capacity, and low latency. It will allow for new applications and use cases across various industries. Some key benefits of 5G include enhanced mobile broadband, fixed wireless access, massive IoT, industrial IoT, and critical IoT applications. 5G will enable an estimated $13 trillion in global economic benefits by 2035.
This document describes the transmission convergence layer specification for Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Networks (G-PON). It defines the frame structure, encapsulation, dynamic bandwidth allocation, operations, administration and maintenance (OAM) functionality, security, and other aspects of the transmission convergence layer. The transmission convergence layer provides the interface between the optical distribution network and the payload data and is responsible for the transmission of different traffic types over the G-PON infrastructure. It allows the transport of services such as voice, video and data at rates up to 2.5 Gbps downstream and 1.25 Gbps upstream through encapsulation using the G-PON Encapsulation Method (GEM).
This document defines the functional building blocks and rules for combining them to describe the optical transport network functionality within equipment, such as optical transmission section termination, optical multiplex section termination, optical channel termination, and optical channel cross-connect functionality. It uses a specification methodology based on functional decomposition and defines functional blocks for the OCh, OTU, and ODU layers of the optical transport network architecture. The functional blocks can be combined to specify UNI and NNI interfaces. Optical technology-dependent aspects are not defined to allow for technology changes within optical subnetworks.
This document summarizes an ITU-T recommendation that specifies maximum limits for jitter and wander in digital networks based on the Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH). It defines network interface limits for jitter and wander to ensure interoperability between equipment from different manufacturers and satisfactory network performance. It also specifies minimum equipment tolerance requirements for jitter and wander at SDH network interfaces. The recommendation provides a framework for controlling and limiting the accumulation of jitter and wander throughout SDH networks.
This document defines standards for interfaces in optical transport networks. It specifies requirements for optical transport module signals, including optical transport hierarchy, overhead functionality, frame structures, bit rates, and client signal mapping formats. The standards support multiplexing of client signals and wavelength division multiplexing. The document has been revised multiple times to include additional amendments and support new client signals.
This document provides recommendations for defining transmission-related parameters and their test methods for various optical components and subsystems used in long-haul and access networks. It identifies key parameters for components like optical add/drop multiplexers, attenuators, filters, connectors, and more. The recommendations are intended to help standardize how these components are characterized so their performance can be understood and interoperability ensured across systems. Test methods and example parameter values are defined based on other ITU recommendations for different network applications.
The document describes a low power protocol for wide area wireless networks called LoRaWAN. It is optimized for battery-powered devices that may be mobile or stationary. Key aspects covered include physical packet formats, MAC frame formats, MAC commands for functions like device activation and configuration, and retransmission procedures. The protocol is technically equivalent to the LoRaWAN specification.
The document provides an overview of optical transport networks (OTNs) as defined by ITU-T G.709. It describes the OTN layers including optical channel (OCh), optical multiplex section (OMS), optical transmission section (OTS), and optical channel transport unit (OTU). The OTU layer introduces forward error correction and a digital wrapper with overhead to manage digital functions. Client signals are adapted at the optical channel payload unit (OPU) layer and then mapped into the optical channel data unit (ODU) for transport over the OTN.
This document defines traffic measurement requirements for digital telecommunications exchanges. It establishes a generic traffic measurement model based on entities, objects, and traffic flows. Key points:
1. Measurements are defined at different levels, including overall, selectable objects, services, control units, and call records.
2. Major services covered are basic telephone, ISDN, and Intelligent Network (IN) services.
3. A measurement consists of measurement set information, time information, and output routing/scheduling information.
The document provides routing guidelines for efficient routing methods in TDM, ATM and IP networks. It recommends using bandwidth reservation and avoiding long paths under congestion to improve efficiency. While state-dependent routing is emphasized in ATM and IP networks, the document suggests using event-dependent routing or more efficient information dissemination to avoid inefficient flooding. It also recommends quality of service routing rules to ensure performance quality.
T rec-j.94-200010-s service information for digital broadcasting in cable tel...frankyao23
This amendment defines a standard for Service Information (SI) on cable compatible with digital multiplex bit streams. It defines the syntax and semantics for a set of tables providing the necessary data for navigation devices to discover and access digital and analogue services offered on cable. This SI protocol is delivered in a separate out-of-band physical channel outside the actual program content transport streams. It includes specifications for the Network Information Table, Network Text Table, Virtual Channel Tables, System Timetable, Master Guide Table, Event Information Tables, and descriptors for audio, captions, content ratings, and other service properties.
This document specifies procedures for establishing, maintaining, and clearing network connections at the ISDN user-network interface. It defines messages exchanged over the D-channel of basic and primary rate interfaces. The messages control circuit-switched calls, packet-mode access connections, and temporary signaling connections. Call states are defined for the user and network sides of the interface, as well as for the global call reference. Message formats and coding of information elements are also specified.
This document defines concepts and methodologies for measuring traffic intensity in communication networks. It describes the concepts of normal and high load conditions and discusses how measured traffic intensities can be used to dimension network resources. Daily and monthly measurement methods are outlined to determine representative normal and high load traffic intensities over different time periods. The assumptions and objectives of the traffic intensity measurements are ensuring measurements capture stationary traffic processes and offered load to adequately size networks.
This document provides electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) requirements for information perception equipment (IPE) used in the perception layer of Internet of things (IoT) networks. It defines IPE as a collective name for individual devices that collect information and provide it to communication networks. The document classifies IPE into different categories, outlines potential EMC problems in IoT, describes electromagnetic environments, and establishes EMC emission and immunity requirements for IPE used in various locations. It aims to ensure proper operation of IPE in the presence of electromagnetic disturbances.
R&D activities of radio-over-fiber technology in NICTITU
NICT conducts research on radio-over-fiber (RoF) technologies. The presentation summarized NICT's R&D activities, including transmitting LTE and millimeter-wave signals over fiber, developing components for 5G networks, and potential applications like foreign object detection. It also discussed ongoing standardization of RoF technologies at ITU-T to specify systems for fiber access networks.
The document discusses the optical transport network (OTN) standard defined in ITU-T G.709. It describes the OTN layered structure, interfaces and rates, frame structure and overhead, and techniques for testing OTN elements. The OTN architecture allows more efficient transport of client signals using optical channels and standardized overhead to manage network functions like multiplexing and forward error correction.
The document discusses the future of fibre optic networks and the way forward. It promotes the use of air blown fibre technology, such as the Blolite+ system, for deploying fibre infrastructure. Air blown fibre allows a deferred capital cost model where ducts are installed initially and fibre is blown in later as needed. This provides savings over traditional fibre installation and enables fibre to be deployed more flexibly. Standards organizations and new fibre types are also discussed as supporting the growth of fibre networks.
The key points of the document are:
1. Optical distribution network (ODN) design is critical for fiber-to-the-x (FTTx) networks as it distributes fiber from the central office to customer premises.
2. An ODN can be divided into five components - the central office subsystem, feeder cable subsystem, distribution cable subsystem, indoor cable subsystem, and optical fiber terminal subsystem.
3. Deployment strategies for the optical line terminal (OLT) and optical network unit (ONU) depend on factors like building type and maintenance needs.
4. Splitter deployment strategy, optical power budget, and cable/battery selection are also important considerations in O
Design and Fiber Installation for University Campus Systemijtsrd
The health of a network depends on the quality of proper installation of the network infrastructure. The main aim of this research is to understand the basic aspects of a modern telecommunication network structure. Signal degradation dominants the performance of the fiber installation. By using MATLAB software, simulation results for signal degradation such as attenuation, dispersion and nonlinear effects are discussed. OTRD Optical Time Domain Reflectometer is a valuable tool for field engineers and service providers to monitor and detect the faults between access network and CO Central Office in real world analysis. In this paper, an overview related to the operation and function of a PON Passive Optical Network and required components to implement the fiber communication system are also described. Naing Naing Kyaw "Design and Fiber Installation for University Campus System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26812.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/26812/design-and-fiber-installation-for-university-campus-system/naing-naing-kyaw
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
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1. I n t e r n a t i o n a l T e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n U n i o n
ITU-T G.651.1
TELECOMMUNICATION
STANDARDIZATION SECTOR
OF ITU
(07/2007)
SERIES G: TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS AND MEDIA,
DIGITAL SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS
Transmission media and optical systems characteristics –
Optical fibre cables
Characteristics of a 50/125 µm multimode
graded index optical fibre cable for the optical
access network
ITU-T Recommendation G.651.1
2. ITU-T G-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS
TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS AND MEDIA, DIGITAL SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS
INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONE CONNECTIONS AND CIRCUITS G.100–G.199
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS COMMON TO ALL ANALOGUE CARRIER-
TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS
G.200–G.299
INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERNATIONAL CARRIER TELEPHONE
SYSTEMS ON METALLIC LINES
G.300–G.399
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERNATIONAL CARRIER TELEPHONE
SYSTEMS ON RADIO-RELAY OR SATELLITE LINKS AND INTERCONNECTION WITH
METALLIC LINES
G.400–G.449
COORDINATION OF RADIOTELEPHONY AND LINE TELEPHONY G.450–G.499
TRANSMISSION MEDIA AND OPTICAL SYSTEMS CHARACTERISTICS G.600–G.699
General G.600–G.609
Symmetric cable pairs G.610–G.619
Land coaxial cable pairs G.620–G.629
Submarine cables G.630–G.639
Free space optical systems G.640–G.649
Optical fibre cables G.650–G.659
Characteristics of optical components and subsystems G.660–G.679
Characteristics of optical systems G.680–G.699
DIGITAL TERMINAL EQUIPMENTS G.700–G.799
DIGITAL NETWORKS G.800–G.899
DIGITAL SECTIONS AND DIGITAL LINE SYSTEM G.900–G.999
QUALITY OF SERVICE AND PERFORMANCE – GENERIC AND USER-RELATED
ASPECTS
G.1000–G.1999
TRANSMISSION MEDIA CHARACTERISTICS G.6000–G.6999
DATA OVER TRANSPORT – GENERIC ASPECTS G.7000–G.7999
PACKET OVER TRANSPORT ASPECTS G.8000–G.8999
ACCESS NETWORKS G.9000–G.9999
For further details, please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations.
3. ITU-T Rec. G.651.1 (07/2007) i
ITU-T Recommendation G.651.1
Characteristics of a 50/125 µm multimode graded index
optical fibre cable for the optical access network
Summary
ITU-T Recommendation G.651.1 recommends a quartz multimode fibre to be used for the access
network in specific environments. These environments are multi-tenant building sub-networks in
which broadband services have to be delivered to individual apartments. The recommended
multimode fibre supports the cost-effective use of 1 Gbit/s Ethernet systems over link lengths up to
550 m, usually based upon the use of 850 nm transceivers.
The recommended fibre type is an improved version of the well-known 50/125 µm multimode
graded-index fibre as recommended in ITU-T Recommendation G.651. Its cost effective use is very
common in datacom systems applied in enterprise buildings throughout the world for quite a number
of years.
Source
ITU-T Recommendation G.651.1 was approved on 29 July 2007 by ITU-T Study Group 15
(2005-2008) under the ITU-T Recommendation A.8 procedure.
6. iv ITU-T Rec. G.651.1 (07/2007)
Introduction
Worldwide, various technologies for broadband access networks are advancing rapidly to provide
the high capacity needed for the increasing customer demands with respect to new services. Apart
from the technologies, also the network structures and customer densities vary considerably. A
specific segment, which is in the main scope of this Recommendation, is the network in a
multi-tenant building. Quite a large percentage of all customers in the world are living in these
buildings. Due to the high connection density and the short distribution cable lengths, cost-effective
high capacity optical networks can be designed and installed by making use of 50/125 µm graded-
index multimode fibres. The effective use of this network type has been shown by its extended and
experienced use for datacom systems in enterprise buildings with system bit rates ranging from
10 Mbit/s up to 10 Gbit/s. This use is supported by a large series of IEEE system standards and IEC
fibre and cable standards which are used as the main references in this Recommendation.
7. ITU-T Rec. G.651.1 (07/2007) 1
ITU-T Recommendation G.651.1
Characteristics of a 50/125 µm multimode graded index
optical fibre cable for the optical access network
1 Scope
This Recommendation describes a 50/125 µm graded-index multimode optical fibre cable which is
suitable to be used in the 850 nm or 1300 nm region, or alternatively may be used in both
wavelength regions simultaneously.
The geometrical, optical, transmission and mechanical parameters are described below in two
categories of attributes:
• fibre attributes are those attributes that are retained throughout cabling and installation;
• cable attributes that are recommended for cables as they are delivered.
This Recommendation, and the different performance categories found in Table 1, is intended to
support the following related system Recommendations and standards:
• [b-IEEE 802.3].
The characteristics of this fibre, including the definitions of the relevant parameters, their test
methods and relevant values, will be refined as studies and experience progress.
2 References
The following ITU-T Recommendations and other references contain provisions which, through
reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation. At the time of publication, the
editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and other references are subject to revision;
users of this Recommendation are therefore encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the
most recent edition of the Recommendations and other references listed below. A list of the
currently valid ITU-T Recommendations is regularly published. The reference to a document within
this Recommendation does not give it, as a stand-alone document, the status of a Recommendation.
[IEC 60793-1-1] IEC 60793-1-1 (2002), Optical fibres – Part 1-1: Measurement methods and
test procedures – General and guidance.
[IEC 60793-1-20] IEC 60793-1-20 (2001), Optical fibres – Part 1-20: Measurement methods and
test procedures – Fibre geometry.
[IEC 60793-1-30] IEC 60793-1-30 (2001), Optical fibres – Part 1-30: Measurement methods and
test procedures – Fibre proof test.
[IEC 60793-1-40] IEC 60793-1-40 (2001), Optical fibres – Part 1-40: Measurement methods and
test procedures – Attenuation.
[IEC 60793-1-41] IEC 60793-1-41 (2003), Optical fibres – Part 1-41: Measurement methods and
test procedures – Bandwidth.
[IEC 60793-1-42] IEC 60793-1-42 (2007), Optical fibres – Part 1-42: Measurement methods and
test procedures – Chromatic dispersion.
[IEC 60793-1-43] IEC 60793-1-43 (2001), Optical fibres – Part 1-43: Measurement methods and
test procedures – Numerical aperture.
[IEC 60793-1-47] IEC 60793-1-47 (2006), Optical fibres – Part 1-47: Measurement methods and
test procedures – Macrobending loss.
8. 2 ITU-T Rec. G.651.1 (07/2007)
[IEC 60793-1-49] IEC 60793-1-49 (2006), Optical fibres – Part 1-49: Measurement methods and
test procedures – Differential mode delay.
[IEC 60793-2] IEC 60793-2 (2003), Optical fibres − Part 2: Product specifications –
General.
[IEC 60793-2-10] IEC 60793-2-10 (2007), Optical fibres – Part 2-10: Product specifications –
Sectional specification for category A1 multimode fibres.
[IEC 60794-2] IEC 60794-2 (2002), Optical fibre cables – Part 2: Indoor cables – Sectional
specification.
[IEC 60794-2-11] IEC 60794-2-11 (2002), Optical fibre cables – Part 2-11: Indoor cables –
Detailed specification for simplex and duplex cables for use in premises
cabling.
[IEC 60794-2-21] IEC 60794-2-21 (2005), Optical fibre cables – Part 2-21: Indoor cables –
Detailed specification for multi-fibre optical distribution cables for use in
premises cabling.
[IEC 60794-2-31] IEC 60794-2-31 (2005), Optical fibre cables – Part 2-31: Indoor cables –
Detailed specification for optical fibre ribbon cables for use in premises
cabling.
[IEC 60794-3-12] IEC 60794-3-12 (2005), Optical fibre cables – Part 3-12: Outdoor cables –
Detailed specification for duct and directly buried optical telecommunication
cables for use in premises cabling.
[IEC 61280-4-1] IEC 61280-4-1 (2003), Fibre-optic communication subsystem test procedures –
Part 4-1: Cable plant and links – Multimode fibre-optic cable plant attenuation
measurement.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this Recommendation, the definitions and the guidelines to be followed in the
measurement to verify the various characteristics are given in the IEC standards series IEC 60793,
IEC 60794 and IEC 61280-4-1. Values shall be rounded to the number of digits given in Table 1
before conformance is evaluated.
4 Abbreviations and acronyms
This Recommendation uses the following abbreviation:
NA Numerical Aperture
5 Fibre attributes
The characteristics of the fibre providing a minimum essential design framework for fibre
manufacture, system design and use are recommended in this clause and in clause 7. Ranges or
limits on values are presented in Table 1. In this clause those attributes have been listed only where
additional information is helpful.
The recommended characteristics will not be significantly affected by cable manufacture or
installation and therefore apply equally to individual fibres, fibres incorporated into a cable wound
on a drum, and fibres in an installed cable.
9. ITU-T Rec. G.651.1 (07/2007) 3
5.1 Cladding diameter
The recommended nominal value of the cladding diameter is 125 µm. A tolerance is also specified
and shall not exceed the value in clause 7. The cladding diameter deviation from nominal shall not
exceed the specified tolerance. For measuring the value of this attribute, reference is made to
[IEC 60793-1-20].
5.2 Core diameter
The recommended nominal value of the core diameter is 50 µm. A tolerance is also specified and
shall not exceed the value in clause 7. The core diameter deviation from nominal shall not exceed
the specified tolerance. For measuring the value of this attribute, reference is made to
[IEC 60793-1-20].
5.3 Core concentricity error
The core concentricity error shall not exceed the value specified in clause 7. For measuring the
value of this attribute, reference is made to [IEC 60793-1-20].
5.4 Non-circularity
5.4.1 Cladding non-circularity
The cladding non-circularity shall not exceed the value found in clause 7. For measuring the value
of this attribute, reference is made to [IEC 60793-1-20].
5.4.2 Core non-circularity
The core non-circularity shall not exceed the value found in clause 7. For measuring the value of
this attribute, reference is made to [IEC 60793-1-20].
5.5 Numerical aperture
The numerical aperture (NA) is the sine of the vertex half-angle of the largest cone of rays that can
enter or leave the core of an optical fibre, multiplied by the refractive index of the medium in which
the vertex of the cone is located. All values measured at 850 nm. The value of the numerical
aperture is about 5% lower than the value of the maximum theoretical numerical aperture (NAtmax)
which is derived from a refractive index measurements trace of the core and cladding.
( )½2
2
2
1max nnNAt −=
in which n1 is the maximum refractive index of the core and n2 is the refractive index of the
innermost homogeneous cladding. For measuring the value of this attribute, reference is made to
[IEC 60793-1-43].
5.6 Macrobending loss
Macrobending loss varies with bend radius and number of turns about a mandrel with a specified
radius but is rather independent of the measuring wavelength. Therefore, testing at one of the
wavelengths specified in clause 7 may be sufficient to ensure compliance with this
Recommendation.
When testing multiple macrobends, the mode distribution encountered at a specific macrobend may
depend on how many macrobends precede it. For example, the first bend might influence the launch
condition at the second bend, and the second bend might influence the launch condition at the third
bend, etc. Consequently, the macrobending-added loss at a given bend might be different than the
macrobending-added loss at another bend. In particular, the first bend may have the largest
influence on following bends. Consequently, the macrobending-added loss produced by multiple
10. 4 ITU-T Rec. G.651.1 (07/2007)
bends should not be expressed in the units of "dB/bend" by dividing the total added loss by the
number of bends, but in dB for the specified number of bends. For measuring the value of this
attribute, reference is made to [IEC 60793-1-47] and [IEC 61280-4-1].
The macrobending-added loss for the multimode fibre within the scope of this Recommendation is
fully determined by its NA value (see Table 1) and the launching conditions at the position in the
cable network where a bend is present.
NOTE – A qualification test may be sufficient to ensure that this requirement is being met.
5.7 Material properties of the fibre
5.7.1 Fibre materials
The substances of which the fibres are made should be indicated.
NOTE – Care may be needed in fusion splicing fibres of different substances. Provisional results indicate
that adequate splice loss and strength can be achieved when splicing different high-silica fibres.
5.7.2 Protective materials
The physical and chemical properties of the material used for the fibre primary coating and the best
way of removing it (if necessary) should be indicated. In the case of single jacketed fibre, similar
indications shall be given.
5.8 Refractive index profile
The refractive index profile of the fibre does not generally need to be known.
5.9 Modal bandwidth
The modal bandwidth is specified with a minimum value at one or more wavelengths in both the
850 nm and 1300 nm regions. The optical fibre modal bandwidth shall not be lower than the values
recommended in clause 7.
By convention, the modal bandwidth is linearly normalized to 1 km. For measuring the value of this
attribute, reference is made to [IEC 60793-1-41].
5.10 Chromatic dispersion coefficient
The chromatic dispersion coefficient, D(λ), is specified by putting limits on the parameters of a
chromatic dispersion curve that is a function of wavelength in the 1300 nm region. The chromatic
dispersion coefficient limit for any wavelength, λ, is calculated with the minimum zero-dispersion
wavelength, λ0min, the maximum zero-dispersion wavelength, λ0max, and the maximum
zero-dispersion slope coefficient, S0max, according to:
( )
⎥
⎥
⎦
⎤
⎢
⎢
⎣
⎡
⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜
⎝
⎛
λ
λ
−
λ
≤λ≤
⎥
⎥
⎦
⎤
⎢
⎢
⎣
⎡
⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜
⎝
⎛
λ
λ
−
λ
4
00
4
00 1
4
1
4
minmaxmaxmax S
D
S
The values of λ0min, λ0max and S0max shall be within the limits indicated in Table 1. For measuring the
value of this attribute, reference is made to [IEC 60793-1-42].
NOTE 1 – The worst-case chromatic dispersion coefficient at 850 nm as derived from the recommended
values in clause 7 is –104 ps/nm ⋅ km (e.g., S0 = 0.09375 ps/nm2
⋅ km at λ0 = 1340 nm or
S0 = 0.10125 ps/nm2
· km at λ0 = 1320 nm).
NOTE 2 – Specification compliance of chromatic dispersion can be assured by compliance to the numerical
aperture specification.
11. ITU-T Rec. G.651.1 (07/2007) 5
6 Cable attributes
Since the geometrical and optical characteristics of fibres given in clause 5 are barely affected by
the cabling process, this clause gives recommendations mainly relevant to transmission
characteristics of cabled fibres.
Environmental and test conditions are paramount and are described in the guidelines for test
methods.
6.1 Attenuation coefficient
The attenuation coefficient is specified with a maximum value at one or more wavelengths in both
the 850 nm and 1300 nm regions. The optical fibre cable attenuation coefficient values shall not
exceed the values recommended in clause 7. For measuring the value of this attribute, reference is
made to [IEC 60793-1-40].
6.2 Modal bandwidth
The cable requirement for modal bandwidth is that the cable shall include fibre that complies with
the fibre modal bandwidth-length product as recommended in clause 7.
7 Tables of recommended values
Table 1 summarizes the recommended values for the 50/125 µm graded-index multimode fibres that
satisfy the objectives of this Recommendation. They support the application in Ethernet-based
systems with transmission speeds ranging up to 1 Gbit/s, either in the 850 nm or in the 1300 nm
wavelength window. For the 1 Gbit/s systems, the link length is 550 m both at 850 nm
(1000BASE-SX) and at 1300 nm (1000BASE-LX).
The modal bandwidth-length product requirements as stated in Table 1 have been coded as "OM2"
in [b-ISO/IEC 11801] and have also been normatively defined in the optical fibre cable standards
listed in clause 2. The use of "OM-3" grade multimode fibre, supporting 10 Gbit/s transmission at
850 nm (10GBASE-SX), satisfies the requirements of this Recommendation also because it has
higher bandwidth.
Longer link lengths up to 1000 or 2000 m at either one of the two or both wavelength regions can
be supported if the customer and the manufacturer agree on improved attribute values, modal
bandwidth in particular.
12. 6 ITU-T Rec. G.651.1 (07/2007)
Table 1 – Attributes
Fibre attributes
Attribute Detail Value
Nominal 125 µmCladding diameter
Tolerance ±2 µm
Nominal 50 µmCore diameter
Tolerance ±3 µm
Core-cladding concentricity error Maximum 3 µm
Core non-circularity Maximum 6%
Cladding non-circularity Maximum 2%
Nominal 0.20Numerical aperture
Tolerance ±0.015
Radius 15 mm
Number of turns 2
Maximum at 850 nm 1 dB
Macrobend loss
(Notes 1 and 2) Maximum at 1300 nm 1 dB
Proof stress Minimum 0.69 GPa
Minimum at 850 nm 500 MHz ⋅ kmModal bandwidth-length product
for overfilled launch
Minimum at 1300 nm 500 MHz ⋅ km
λ0min 1295 nm
λ0max 1340 nm
S0max for
1295 ≤ λ0 ≤ 1310 nm
≤ 0.105
ps/nm2
× km
Chromatic dispersion coefficient
(Note 3)
S0max for
1310 ≤ λ0 ≤ 1340 nm
≤ 375 × (1590 – λ0) × 10–6
ps/nm2
⋅ km
Cable attributes
Attribute Detail Value
Maximum at 850 nm 3.5 dB/kmAttenuation coefficient
Maximum at 1300 nm 1.0 dB/km
NOTE 1 – In case of use of the multimode fibre outside the scope of this Recommendation, other
macrobending loss values may be valid as specified in [IEC 60793-2-10].
NOTE 2 – For testing the macrobending loss value, the launching conditions as specified for the
attenuation measurement in [IEC 61280-4-1] shall be used.
NOTE 3 – The worst-case chromatic dispersion coefficient at 850 nm (e.g., S0 = 0.09375 ps/nm2
⋅ km at
λ0 = 1340 nm or S0 = 0.10125 ps/nm2
⋅ km at λ0 = 1320 nm) is –104 ps/nm ⋅ km.
13. ITU-T Rec. G.651.1 (07/2007) 7
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[b-ITU-T G.983.x] ITU-T G.983.x series of Recommendations (2001-2005), Broadband optical
access systems based on Passive Optical Networks (PON).
[b-ITU-T G.984.x] ITU-T G.984.x series of Recommendations (2003-2007), Gigabit-capable
Passive Optical Networks (G-PON).
[b-ITU-T L.67] ITU-T Recommendation L.67 (2006), Small count optical fibre cables for
indoor applications.
[b-ITU-T ANT] ITU-T SG 15 WP 1; ANT standards overview.
www.itu.int/itu-t/studygroups/com15/ant/idex.html
[b-IEC 62048] IEC 62048 (2002), Optical fibres – Reliability – Power law theory.
[b-IEEE 802.3] IEEE std. 802.3 (2005), Part 3: Carrier sense multiple access with collision
detection (CSMA/CD) access method and physical layer specifications.
[b-ISO/IEC 11801] ISO/IEC 11801:2002, Information technology – Generic cabling for customer
premises.
14.
15. Printed in Switzerland
Geneva, 2008
SERIES OF ITU-T RECOMMENDATIONS
Series A Organization of the work of ITU-T
Series D General tariff principles
Series E Overall network operation, telephone service, service operation and human factors
Series F Non-telephone telecommunication services
Series G Transmission systems and media, digital systems and networks
Series H Audiovisual and multimedia systems
Series I Integrated services digital network
Series J Cable networks and transmission of television, sound programme and other multimedia signals
Series K Protection against interference
Series L Construction, installation and protection of cables and other elements of outside plant
Series M Telecommunication management, including TMN and network maintenance
Series N Maintenance: international sound programme and television transmission circuits
Series O Specifications of measuring equipment
Series P Telephone transmission quality, telephone installations, local line networks
Series Q Switching and signalling
Series R Telegraph transmission
Series S Telegraph services terminal equipment
Series T Terminals for telematic services
Series U Telegraph switching
Series V Data communication over the telephone network
Series X Data networks, open system communications and security
Series Y Global information infrastructure, Internet protocol aspects and next-generation networks
Series Z Languages and general software aspects for telecommunication systems