The document discusses the Mississippian culture, which consisted of chiefdoms and trade nations along the Mississippi River from around 1000-1500 CE. Key points include:
- The Mississippian people built large earthen mounds for ceremonial and burial purposes and had advanced trade networks.
- Artifacts found at Mississippian mound sites, such as the Rogan copper plate depicting a "Birdman" figure, show similarities to artifacts of Mesoamerican cultures, indicating cultural connections.
- Research methods used to study the Mississippian culture have included mapping and excavating mound sites to understand site functions and societal roles. New technologies like LiDAR could help discover additional
This presentation provides information to help Air Canada employees understand and interpret their pay summaries, including details on domestic and international meal expense allowances. It explains how to determine reimbursement rates based on departure times and locations. The presentation also outlines the processes for claiming expenses, filing grievances, and finding additional resources to answer pay-related questions.
This document provides an overview of pre-contact and colonial Latin America, focusing on ancient Mexico and Peru. It describes the earliest migrations of humans into the Americas around 15,000-30,000 years ago. In ancient Mexico, the first settlers were hunter-gatherers who developed agriculture between 7500-5000 BC, domesticating squash, beans and maize. The influential Olmec civilization emerged around 1500 BC and constructed monumental temples. In ancient Peru, the Norte Chico civilization developed urban centers around 3500 BC, and the ceremonial Chavín culture arose around 900 BC, influencing religions across Peru.
The document discusses similarities between the Maya and Toltec civilizations of Mesoamerica. It notes that the Maya inhabited parts of modern-day Mexico and Central America, while the Toltec originated in northern Mexico. Both civilizations had important religious sites reflecting their beliefs, including Chichen Itza for the Maya and Tula for the Toltec. Archaeologists have uncovered temples, ball courts, and other structures at these sites providing insight into the religious practices of these ancient peoples.
The document discusses the Muralist Movement in Mexico in the early 20th century. It was led by three prominent Mexican muralists - Diego Rivera, Jose Clemente Orozco, and David Alfaro Siqueiros - who revived the art of mural painting following the Mexican Revolution. They painted large frescoes that celebrated Mexico's history and achievements while also depicting the political and social conditions of the time. Their murals had a significant influence not only in Mexico but around the world by bringing Hispanic art to the global stage.
This document provides an overview of Chapter 11 from the textbook "A History of World Societies". It discusses the early peoples who inhabited the Americas beginning around 2500 BCE. It describes how early populations migrated across the Bering Strait land bridge and then southward. It also summarizes the major early societies like the Olmec, Maya, Teotihuacan, Toltec, and discusses key aspects of their cultures, religions, and civilizations. The document then provides details on the classical era civilizations in Mesoamerica and North America between 300-900 CE, including the Maya, and concludes with sections focused on the Aztec civilization in Mesoamerica.
Mayan ruins are the leftover archaeological sites of the Mayan civilization which existed between 1300 BCE - 1200 CE. The Mayans are known for being an extremely advanced civilization that flourished primarily between 300 CE -900 CE. The Mayans inhabited lands in the current day Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras and Belize, and they were responsible for building large monuments to carry out numerous rituals and ceremonies. The ruins of these ceremonial monuments can be visited at hundreds of locations around areas of Mexico and Central America.
In this ppt i have explained about Mayans and their ruins. Hope it helps u all. :)
The Mayans had a polytheistic religion that centered around agriculture. They developed an accurate calendar and advanced achievements in mathematics, astronomy, and engineering. However, the Mayan civilization mysteriously declined around the 8th-9th century for reasons that remain unclear, including environmental disasters, disease, or drought.
Ancient Maya Religious Practices And Beliefs EssaysSheila Guy
The ancient Maya civilization was centered in what is now Guatemala, with major cities like Tikal, Uaxactún, and Copán. At its peak, the Maya population was around 2 million people living in approximately 40 cities. Religion was incredibly important to Maya culture, as they had creation myths and believed in gods like the sun, moon, and rain gods. Their religious ceremonies helped establish the significance of family, nature, food, survival, and architecture in Maya society. Excavations of Maya sites have uncovered plazas, palaces, temples, and pyramids that demonstrate the importance of religion in their civilization.
This presentation provides information to help Air Canada employees understand and interpret their pay summaries, including details on domestic and international meal expense allowances. It explains how to determine reimbursement rates based on departure times and locations. The presentation also outlines the processes for claiming expenses, filing grievances, and finding additional resources to answer pay-related questions.
This document provides an overview of pre-contact and colonial Latin America, focusing on ancient Mexico and Peru. It describes the earliest migrations of humans into the Americas around 15,000-30,000 years ago. In ancient Mexico, the first settlers were hunter-gatherers who developed agriculture between 7500-5000 BC, domesticating squash, beans and maize. The influential Olmec civilization emerged around 1500 BC and constructed monumental temples. In ancient Peru, the Norte Chico civilization developed urban centers around 3500 BC, and the ceremonial Chavín culture arose around 900 BC, influencing religions across Peru.
The document discusses similarities between the Maya and Toltec civilizations of Mesoamerica. It notes that the Maya inhabited parts of modern-day Mexico and Central America, while the Toltec originated in northern Mexico. Both civilizations had important religious sites reflecting their beliefs, including Chichen Itza for the Maya and Tula for the Toltec. Archaeologists have uncovered temples, ball courts, and other structures at these sites providing insight into the religious practices of these ancient peoples.
The document discusses the Muralist Movement in Mexico in the early 20th century. It was led by three prominent Mexican muralists - Diego Rivera, Jose Clemente Orozco, and David Alfaro Siqueiros - who revived the art of mural painting following the Mexican Revolution. They painted large frescoes that celebrated Mexico's history and achievements while also depicting the political and social conditions of the time. Their murals had a significant influence not only in Mexico but around the world by bringing Hispanic art to the global stage.
This document provides an overview of Chapter 11 from the textbook "A History of World Societies". It discusses the early peoples who inhabited the Americas beginning around 2500 BCE. It describes how early populations migrated across the Bering Strait land bridge and then southward. It also summarizes the major early societies like the Olmec, Maya, Teotihuacan, Toltec, and discusses key aspects of their cultures, religions, and civilizations. The document then provides details on the classical era civilizations in Mesoamerica and North America between 300-900 CE, including the Maya, and concludes with sections focused on the Aztec civilization in Mesoamerica.
Mayan ruins are the leftover archaeological sites of the Mayan civilization which existed between 1300 BCE - 1200 CE. The Mayans are known for being an extremely advanced civilization that flourished primarily between 300 CE -900 CE. The Mayans inhabited lands in the current day Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras and Belize, and they were responsible for building large monuments to carry out numerous rituals and ceremonies. The ruins of these ceremonial monuments can be visited at hundreds of locations around areas of Mexico and Central America.
In this ppt i have explained about Mayans and their ruins. Hope it helps u all. :)
The Mayans had a polytheistic religion that centered around agriculture. They developed an accurate calendar and advanced achievements in mathematics, astronomy, and engineering. However, the Mayan civilization mysteriously declined around the 8th-9th century for reasons that remain unclear, including environmental disasters, disease, or drought.
Ancient Maya Religious Practices And Beliefs EssaysSheila Guy
The ancient Maya civilization was centered in what is now Guatemala, with major cities like Tikal, Uaxactún, and Copán. At its peak, the Maya population was around 2 million people living in approximately 40 cities. Religion was incredibly important to Maya culture, as they had creation myths and believed in gods like the sun, moon, and rain gods. Their religious ceremonies helped establish the significance of family, nature, food, survival, and architecture in Maya society. Excavations of Maya sites have uncovered plazas, palaces, temples, and pyramids that demonstrate the importance of religion in their civilization.
1. Indigenous peoples had lived in the Caribbean for over 7,000 years, developing diverse cultures like the Taino, Kalinago, and Maya.
2. When Europeans arrived in 1492, it devastated the indigenous populations through war, disease, and social disruption, reducing the population of Hispaniola from 3-4 million to 60,000 within 20 years.
3. Archaeological evidence shows human settlement in the Caribbean dates back 7,000 years, with migrants entering from Central America and South America and establishing advanced agricultural communities, though their social and belief systems are not fully understood.
The ancient Mayan civilization had many great accomplishments in mathematics, science, architecture, and more. They built massive pyramids over 100 feet tall in cities like Tikal. The Mayans developed an advanced calendar and numerical system, including the concept of zero. They also had a sophisticated written language using hieroglyphs. The Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan grew very large due to conquests and trade, becoming one of the largest cities in Mesoamerica with an population of over 400,000 people. It had well-organized markets selling a wide variety of goods.
The Mayan civilization flourished from around 300 BCE to 900 CE in Mesoamerica. During this time, they developed advanced achievements in mathematics, astronomy, and architecture. They invented the first known writing system in the Americas, calculated an accurate solar year of 365 days, and built large pyramid structures. While the Mayan empire declined around 900 CE, the exact causes are still debated but likely involved environmental degradation, overpopulation, and political instability.
Anthropologists believe the first humans arrived in North America over 14,000 years ago by crossing the Bering Land Bridge. These early people, known as Paleoindians, left behind distinctive stone tools and spear points at campsites throughout Illinois. Later periods included the Archaic period from around 10,000-3,000 years ago, the Woodland period from 3,000-1,250 years ago, and the Mississippian period from around 500-1500 AD, marked by large earthen mounds. Early explorers like Marquette and Joliet provided details of the natural environment in their journals from the 17th century.
1) John Stevens explored and documented 44 Mayan sites in 1839, finding the cities desolate with no inhabitants. 2) He described intricate architecture, art, and evidence of a cultivated people who had risen and fallen. 3) The cause of the Maya decline around 800-900AD remains mysterious, with hypotheses including climate change, overpopulation, famine, or rebellion against the elite class.
This document provides an overview of the Mayan civilization unit taught in an 8th grade social studies class. It discusses the Mayan's advanced mathematics and accurate calendar, their theocratic government led by kings and priests, and their agricultural economy centered around maize. It also describes Mayan achievements in astronomy, architecture like pyramid temples, and their unique glyphic writing system. Students are assigned activities to learn more about Mayan culture, including ordering events in a timeline and reading about Mayan cities.
This document provides an overview of the Mayan civilization unit taught in an 8th grade social studies class. It discusses the Mayan's advanced understanding of mathematics, astronomy, and their complex calendar system. It also describes the Mayan social hierarchy, their theocratic government led by divine kings, and an agriculture-based economy. The document outlines Mayan cultural achievements in art, architecture, and a unique written language comprising over 800 glyphs. Students are assigned activities to learn more about Mayan cities, order timeline events, and read about the civilization.
The document describes early North American societies and complex civilizations that emerged in pre-Columbian Americas. In the central valley of Mexico, the early civilization of Teotihuacan developed between the 1st-6th centuries AD, growing to a large city of 150,000-200,000 people with monumental architecture including pyramids dedicated to gods. Teotihuacan became a center of trade, exchanging goods over a wide network. Later, the Aztecs would come to dominate central Mexico.
The document discusses an excavation that will take place at the ancient Maya site of Cahal Pech in Belize. The excavation will focus on comparing artifacts found in elite quarters and servant quarters to examine social differences. A team consisting of specialists in animal bones, stone tools, and ceramics will analyze artifacts using dating methods like thermoluminescence and radiocarbon dating. The excavation aims to better understand social organization and diversity between the elite and common classes for the ancient Maya.
This document provides an overview of early civilizations that developed in different regions of the Americas prior to European contact. It describes how indigenous peoples in Mesoamerica (Mexico, Central America), the Andes region of South America, and parts of North America established complex societies with distinctive cultures, religions, and political systems. Key civilizations discussed include the Olmecs, Mayans, Aztecs, and Incas. The document also notes how isolation led to diversity among the peoples and languages that emerged across the Americas over thousands of years.
International Business Ghana SNHU Daria Smith Giraud - presentation Daria Smith Giraud
Ghana is a market-based economy in West Africa with a population of over 12 million. It has abundant natural resources like gold, cocoa, and oil. Ghana allows foreign investment with few barriers and has a young labor force concentrated in agriculture, services, and industry. Corruption is an issue, with high rates reported for police, government officials, and tax authorities. However, Ghana has established several anti-corruption organizations and laws to address this problem.
Hamlets Madness SNHU ENG-Shakespeare daria smith giraudDaria Smith Giraud
This document analyzes madness in Shakespeare's play Hamlet. It discusses key characters like Hamlet, Claudius, Gertrude, and Ophelia and events that drove Hamlet to madness, such as the death of his father, betrayal by his mother, and visions of his father's ghost. It also examines Hamlet's actions and dialogue that indicate his madness, as well as the repercussions of Hamlet's madness, including the deaths of Ophelia, Gertrude, Laertes, Claudius, and ultimately Hamlet himself.
Ids society and technology final project part two_daria smith giraudDaria Smith Giraud
Social media originated in the 1970s with bulletin board systems and evolved through platforms like SixDegrees in the 1990s. It is now a paradigm-shifting medium affecting all aspects of society through its over 1.8 billion users worldwide. Social media transforms generations by integrating technologies and shifting human interactions to online networks, establishing new social norms. It has organized information on a global scale through platforms like Google. The rise of networked culture online through social media and its impact on business, education, and communities has led to new opportunities in creative industries and "digital cities."
PDF Format_Cockney dialect uk dialects briton_350-english-snhu_daria smith gi...Daria Smith Giraud
The document discusses British dialects and accents, focusing on Cockney dialect spoken in East London. It provides examples of phonetic rules in Cockney pronunciation compared to Received Pronunciation (RP). It also discusses the play and film My Fair Lady, where Henry Higgins teaches Cockney flower girl Eliza Doolittle to speak like a lady by training her to use RP. The document lists some common British dialects from different regions and the diversity of accents represented in the Harry Potter films.
Cockney Dialect UK Dialects Briton_ENG350 SNHU_daria smith giraudDaria Smith Giraud
The document discusses different dialects and accents in the UK, focusing on the Cockney dialect spoken in East London. It provides examples of phonetic rules that characterize Cockney speech, such as dropping consonant sounds and changing vowel diphthongs. The musical My Fair Lady is used as an example of how Henry Higgins attempts to teach Eliza Doolittle, who speaks in Cockney, to adopt a standard "Received Pronunciation" accent from her low-class dialect. In addition, the document briefly outlines some other regional dialects found across the UK, such as Geordie, Brummie, and Scouse.
Project Assignment 1: Creative Pitch - daria_smith_giraud - Lang and Practice...Daria Smith Giraud
Lang and Practice of Media Art class assignment marketing campaign pitch 60 second project. 1st assignment of term. Created a dynamic presentation with audio, video and animation to update to Premiere Pro to finalize to new YouTube site for Creative Design, Advertising, Marketing, Poetry & Writing projects. Will reload to show animations.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
1. Indigenous peoples had lived in the Caribbean for over 7,000 years, developing diverse cultures like the Taino, Kalinago, and Maya.
2. When Europeans arrived in 1492, it devastated the indigenous populations through war, disease, and social disruption, reducing the population of Hispaniola from 3-4 million to 60,000 within 20 years.
3. Archaeological evidence shows human settlement in the Caribbean dates back 7,000 years, with migrants entering from Central America and South America and establishing advanced agricultural communities, though their social and belief systems are not fully understood.
The ancient Mayan civilization had many great accomplishments in mathematics, science, architecture, and more. They built massive pyramids over 100 feet tall in cities like Tikal. The Mayans developed an advanced calendar and numerical system, including the concept of zero. They also had a sophisticated written language using hieroglyphs. The Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan grew very large due to conquests and trade, becoming one of the largest cities in Mesoamerica with an population of over 400,000 people. It had well-organized markets selling a wide variety of goods.
The Mayan civilization flourished from around 300 BCE to 900 CE in Mesoamerica. During this time, they developed advanced achievements in mathematics, astronomy, and architecture. They invented the first known writing system in the Americas, calculated an accurate solar year of 365 days, and built large pyramid structures. While the Mayan empire declined around 900 CE, the exact causes are still debated but likely involved environmental degradation, overpopulation, and political instability.
Anthropologists believe the first humans arrived in North America over 14,000 years ago by crossing the Bering Land Bridge. These early people, known as Paleoindians, left behind distinctive stone tools and spear points at campsites throughout Illinois. Later periods included the Archaic period from around 10,000-3,000 years ago, the Woodland period from 3,000-1,250 years ago, and the Mississippian period from around 500-1500 AD, marked by large earthen mounds. Early explorers like Marquette and Joliet provided details of the natural environment in their journals from the 17th century.
1) John Stevens explored and documented 44 Mayan sites in 1839, finding the cities desolate with no inhabitants. 2) He described intricate architecture, art, and evidence of a cultivated people who had risen and fallen. 3) The cause of the Maya decline around 800-900AD remains mysterious, with hypotheses including climate change, overpopulation, famine, or rebellion against the elite class.
This document provides an overview of the Mayan civilization unit taught in an 8th grade social studies class. It discusses the Mayan's advanced mathematics and accurate calendar, their theocratic government led by kings and priests, and their agricultural economy centered around maize. It also describes Mayan achievements in astronomy, architecture like pyramid temples, and their unique glyphic writing system. Students are assigned activities to learn more about Mayan culture, including ordering events in a timeline and reading about Mayan cities.
This document provides an overview of the Mayan civilization unit taught in an 8th grade social studies class. It discusses the Mayan's advanced understanding of mathematics, astronomy, and their complex calendar system. It also describes the Mayan social hierarchy, their theocratic government led by divine kings, and an agriculture-based economy. The document outlines Mayan cultural achievements in art, architecture, and a unique written language comprising over 800 glyphs. Students are assigned activities to learn more about Mayan cities, order timeline events, and read about the civilization.
The document describes early North American societies and complex civilizations that emerged in pre-Columbian Americas. In the central valley of Mexico, the early civilization of Teotihuacan developed between the 1st-6th centuries AD, growing to a large city of 150,000-200,000 people with monumental architecture including pyramids dedicated to gods. Teotihuacan became a center of trade, exchanging goods over a wide network. Later, the Aztecs would come to dominate central Mexico.
The document discusses an excavation that will take place at the ancient Maya site of Cahal Pech in Belize. The excavation will focus on comparing artifacts found in elite quarters and servant quarters to examine social differences. A team consisting of specialists in animal bones, stone tools, and ceramics will analyze artifacts using dating methods like thermoluminescence and radiocarbon dating. The excavation aims to better understand social organization and diversity between the elite and common classes for the ancient Maya.
This document provides an overview of early civilizations that developed in different regions of the Americas prior to European contact. It describes how indigenous peoples in Mesoamerica (Mexico, Central America), the Andes region of South America, and parts of North America established complex societies with distinctive cultures, religions, and political systems. Key civilizations discussed include the Olmecs, Mayans, Aztecs, and Incas. The document also notes how isolation led to diversity among the peoples and languages that emerged across the Americas over thousands of years.
Similar to Anthropology SNHU Mississippian Mound Archeology daria_smithgiraud (10)
International Business Ghana SNHU Daria Smith Giraud - presentation Daria Smith Giraud
Ghana is a market-based economy in West Africa with a population of over 12 million. It has abundant natural resources like gold, cocoa, and oil. Ghana allows foreign investment with few barriers and has a young labor force concentrated in agriculture, services, and industry. Corruption is an issue, with high rates reported for police, government officials, and tax authorities. However, Ghana has established several anti-corruption organizations and laws to address this problem.
Hamlets Madness SNHU ENG-Shakespeare daria smith giraudDaria Smith Giraud
This document analyzes madness in Shakespeare's play Hamlet. It discusses key characters like Hamlet, Claudius, Gertrude, and Ophelia and events that drove Hamlet to madness, such as the death of his father, betrayal by his mother, and visions of his father's ghost. It also examines Hamlet's actions and dialogue that indicate his madness, as well as the repercussions of Hamlet's madness, including the deaths of Ophelia, Gertrude, Laertes, Claudius, and ultimately Hamlet himself.
Ids society and technology final project part two_daria smith giraudDaria Smith Giraud
Social media originated in the 1970s with bulletin board systems and evolved through platforms like SixDegrees in the 1990s. It is now a paradigm-shifting medium affecting all aspects of society through its over 1.8 billion users worldwide. Social media transforms generations by integrating technologies and shifting human interactions to online networks, establishing new social norms. It has organized information on a global scale through platforms like Google. The rise of networked culture online through social media and its impact on business, education, and communities has led to new opportunities in creative industries and "digital cities."
PDF Format_Cockney dialect uk dialects briton_350-english-snhu_daria smith gi...Daria Smith Giraud
The document discusses British dialects and accents, focusing on Cockney dialect spoken in East London. It provides examples of phonetic rules in Cockney pronunciation compared to Received Pronunciation (RP). It also discusses the play and film My Fair Lady, where Henry Higgins teaches Cockney flower girl Eliza Doolittle to speak like a lady by training her to use RP. The document lists some common British dialects from different regions and the diversity of accents represented in the Harry Potter films.
Cockney Dialect UK Dialects Briton_ENG350 SNHU_daria smith giraudDaria Smith Giraud
The document discusses different dialects and accents in the UK, focusing on the Cockney dialect spoken in East London. It provides examples of phonetic rules that characterize Cockney speech, such as dropping consonant sounds and changing vowel diphthongs. The musical My Fair Lady is used as an example of how Henry Higgins attempts to teach Eliza Doolittle, who speaks in Cockney, to adopt a standard "Received Pronunciation" accent from her low-class dialect. In addition, the document briefly outlines some other regional dialects found across the UK, such as Geordie, Brummie, and Scouse.
Project Assignment 1: Creative Pitch - daria_smith_giraud - Lang and Practice...Daria Smith Giraud
Lang and Practice of Media Art class assignment marketing campaign pitch 60 second project. 1st assignment of term. Created a dynamic presentation with audio, video and animation to update to Premiere Pro to finalize to new YouTube site for Creative Design, Advertising, Marketing, Poetry & Writing projects. Will reload to show animations.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
Preparation and standardization of the following : Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails.
1. Studies into the past and
present
Culture
archeology
Mississippian
2. In juxtaposition to this evolutionary model there
was unease about the “Vanishing Indian,” a myth-history
of the 18th and 19th centuries that depicted Native
Americans as a vanishing race incapable of adapting to
the new American civilization.
2
quote
3. Cultural Group
Belief and practices
Key historical and cultural events
Physical environment
Connections and modifications
Methodology
Mounds and artifacts
Research methods
Artifacts and mound sites
3
Culture
Mississippian
contents
Connections
Economic
Social
Religious
Impact on history
Connections to our
past and present
human story
Citations
4. Mississippian Mound culture was coined the Southern
Cult or SECC due to the symbology of its artifacts that
resemble Pre-Columbian Mayan and Inca
iconography
4
Culture
Mississippian
Did You Know?
8. Paleoamerican remains found in the Yucatan
In pre-Mayan Mexico , a slender, bucktoothed 15- or 16 -
year-old girl fell into a flooded, underground cavern
about 12 ,000 years ago. She was a Paleoamerican , with
features more akin to Africans and Southeast Asians than
modern Native Americans (Clark and Johnson, 2014).
8
quote
9. belief and practices
• Who
• The Mississippian Mound Builders also referred to as the Southeastern
Ceremonial Complex (SECC) consists of chiefdoms or tribal (trade)
nations and priesthood-artisans clans existing along the Mississippi
River waterway from the Gulf of Mexico including mounds built in
Illinois (Cahokia), Georgia (Etowah), Alabama (Moundville), Oklahoma
(Spiro), Minnesota (Silvernale), Florida (Lake Jackson), Tennessee
(Castalian Springs), Virginia (Carter Robinson) and other locations in the
United States (Hirst, 2017).
• The people were not all migrants from the Bering Straits as DNA
discoveries have provided new evidence suggesting much older
populations were “ancient” to North America.
• What
• The Mississippian artifacts display religious and spiritual significance
within a southern cult culture. The serpent is particularly found as a
central deity throughout the Southern cult mounds and the artifacts
including the “birdman” artifacts are similar in style, craftsmanship,
artisan metallurgy, and spiritual religious iconography. These artifacts
are representative of the mound effigy iconography throughout the
Mississippian waterway and mounds found throughout the
Southeastern tribal Indian states.
9
Above: Birdman (Rogan Copper
Plate, Etowah, Georgia), Below:
Rock Eagle effigy, Etowah
Mounds, Georgia (Rock Hawk
effigy not shown).
10. key historical and cultural events
Theory of Migration: Redefining Human Cultural Activity in the Americas
• Mississippi mound builders were trading along the mound sites including the Caribbean islands such as
Cuba, Hispaniola and other islands. Louisiana The (Tchefuncte and Poverty Point mound sites), New
Orleans Gulf Coast aligned to the Gulf of Mexico, the Yucatan (Mexico), Honduras, Nicaragua , Belize,
Salvador Mayan empire. Significantly Gulf Coast - Mississippi River is the Memphis of the Americas.
• Maps prior to 1808 prove that what was once the modern state of Louisiana was considered West
Florida (Pintado, 1805). According to aboriginal Chahta history West Florida was once part of the
Caribbean (Chief Warhorse, 2018).
• A paleoamerindian girl was found in the Yucatan (Clarke & Johnson, 2015) which suggests there were
ancient human migrations, trade, and cultural activity along the Gulf of Mexico into North America
Southeastern mound sites and waterways. DNA that is considered the oldest documented as “Adam” is
Carolina in the United States of America is considered 60,000 and 140,000 years old (Barras, 2013). Today
is classified as an African American. Other findings prove that ancient modern human fossils were found in
Caribbean Island of Guadeloupe of a 5-foot-tall woman (Cremo, 1991). (Note: My own family via
showed that many of my Native American cousins carried “Andean” Native American DNA and they reside
Carolina, North Carolina and Georgia.)
• Modern human fossils and genetics prove that migration theories should be revisited and inclusive of
the ancient “negro” genome haplogroup and redefine pre and post lithic Paleoamerindian (10,000–3500
BCE), Meso-American, archaic Indians (3500–2000 BCE), preclassic (2000 BCE–250 CE), early preclassic,
classic, etc, timelines and definitions that align with the new archeological findings.
10
Spiro Mound complex
Spiro artifacts; shell
gorget, ancient cross
motif, sacred twins
11. physical environment
• where
• Residence and cultural activity was along the Mississippi River Valley. Many townships included
constructed architecture along the natural river and waterway systems to include mound (pyramid)
known to be on astrological (star constellation) and magnetic ley line key points similar to temples and
Mexico, Peru, Bolivia, Guatemala, Honduras, Belize, and Egypt
• Geographically North American mounds including those of the Mississippian, Archaic, Hopewell, Adena,
periods exist on North American waterways such as Ohio River, Mississippi River, the Great Lakes
• Mississippian mounds sites include the regions of the Midwest, Southeast, Oneota, Fort Ancient, South
Appalachian Mississippian, Middle Mississippian, Caddoan Mississippian, Plaquemine from the Gulf of
the Great Lakes
• how: work and live
• These tribal chiefdoms were sophisticated mound builder cultures part of a larger trade (economic) –
political system or network. Their mounds were architectural sites built for spiritual ritualistic power
their deities, king-chiefs, and dead ancestors including water (elemental), anthropomorphic human
gods and effigy animal spirits. Their chiefdom sites or dwellings consisted of mounds and pyramids,
irrigation systems (desert regions), plaza complex, towns, villages, on the mound complex with
• The people were artisans, craftsman, bronze and copper metallurgy artists, gemstone and jewelry
blade (arrowhead) gemstone crafters, ax weapon artisans, pottery craftsman, builders and architects
including hunters and gatherers, and agriculturalists (farmers and cultivators). Clans included heads of
by both matrilineal and patrilineal familial traditions.
11
Mississippi River -
Greenville to St. James
1863 —the Mississippi
Valley: and its
fortifications by F.W.
Boell. Shows towns,
railroads, river·
landings, some
plantations, etc .
Library of Congress.
12. connections
• Quote: Cahokia was the largest city north of Mexico (Baires, 2018).
• The mounds sites themselves were zoomorphic effigies that represent various animal mythology and cultural
spiritual archetypes. They may also represent specific tribal clan chiefdoms and mystery systems within the tribal
nations and trade (artisan) groups. Like the Mayan Sun, Moon, Wind, Magician, Snake Kings temples and cities
(villages) the Mississippian mounds also seem to represent similar motifs; North American mound effigies include
Rattlesnake Mound, Eagle Mound, Alligator Mound, Bear Creek Mound.
• Strong Warrior gods and chief (king) clan culture with advanced trade systems. Many tribal wars took place, rivals,
and generational conflicts.
• SECC similarities include artifacts, ceremonies, mythologies, and spiritual iconography, agricultural practices, similar
to Mayan Pre Columbian nations such as cosmology, ancient cross motifs, tree of life or cedar tree mythos, snake
(underworld) deity, and avian bird “plumed serpent” god (Kukulkan (bearded serpent), Quetzacoatl (nagga feathered
serpent), Wind, Commerce, Underworld, Agriculture, Technology, Magic, equivalent the Egyptian Heru (Falcon)
warrior god and his father Osiris, god of Vegetation Resurrection and the Underworld. These gods were also
attributed to older ancient Snake (reptile) gods and mythologies.
• Churchward quotes:
• None of the prehistoric races that have inhabited North America have caused
more interest and speculation than the Mound Builders. On their ornaments and pottery are
found various· religious symbols, connecting them with a prehistoric race in Mexico and with Mu, the
Motherland of Man. By these symbols it is shown that they possessed a highly scientific knowledge, for they
perfectly understood the great Cosmic Sciences which today are just dawning on our scientific world. The
Cosmic Sciences include the origin and workings of the Four Great Primary Forces, the parents of all forces.
• By comparing other symbols of the Mound Builders with those found carved on Niven's Mexican tablets it
appears to show some definite connection between them, and that these Indian legends are history, orally
handed down.
12
Cahokia Mound complex
reconstructed (including Monks
Mound)
Serpent Mound crater effigy,
Cahokia site in Ohio, largest
serpent effigy in the world
13. modifications (and other facts)
• Mounds were either square, circular, or rectangle shaped
architecture.There are no known modifications.
• WhenWilliam Bartram and others recorded local Native
American narratives of the mounds, they seemingly
corroborated these mythical origins of the mounds.
According to Bartram’s early journals (Travels , originally
published in 1791) the Creek and the Cherokee who lived
around mounds attributed their construction· to “the
“the ancients, many ages prior to their arrival· and
possessing of this country” (Baires, 2018).
13
Etowah Mound city in Georgia
Etowah Mound city in Georgia
15. DNA From 12,000-Year-Old Skeleton Helps Answer the
Question: Who Were the First Americans?
The small number of early American specimens discovered so
far have smaller and shorter faces and longer and narrower
skulls than later Native Americans, more closely resembling
the modern people of Africa, Australia, and the South Pacific.
This has led to speculation that perhaps the first· Americans
and Native Americans came from different homelands,”
(Kumar, 2014).
15
quote
16. Connections
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Mississippi Mound Builders
Mounds and Meso AmericanArtifacts
17. mounds and artifacts
• Artifacts and features of the
Mississippi Mound Builders of the
Southeastern Ceremonial Complex
• Features include the mounds made
up of the Mississippian Mound
culture and their unique animal-
human iconography artifacts made of
shell gorgets, religious conch shells,
pottery heads and spiritual motifs,
and ancestor or chief king pipes
17
1. Birdman (Rogan Copper Plate, Etowah, Georgia), 2.
Braiden style warrior marine shell gorget (Craig Mound,
Spiro, Oklahoma), 3. Shell gorget (Craig Mound, Spiro,
Oklahoma) 4. Hightower Birdman gorget (Etowah
Mound, Georgia), 5. Engraved Welk shell showing
tattooed man, (Craig Mound, Spiro, Oklahoma), 6. Face
Tattoos Head effigy pot (Nodena Site, Wilson,
Arkansas), 7. Snake head (Etowah Mound, Georgia),
8.Engraved conch shell dipper cup (Craig Mound at
Spiro, Oklahoma), 9-10. Mississippian effigy stone
tobacco pipe (William Vaux collection, Accession
#21706) shown above front and side view
18. featured artifacts
• [Rogan Plate, Etowah Mound, Georgia]
• The Rogan Birdman Copper Plate artifact bridges not
only the so-called Southern Cult or SECC through its
consistent Mayan (pre-Columbian) Mesoamerican
“Warrior Cult” (CGSS Late Paleoindian Period:
Mississippian Copper Plates, N.D.) mask spiritual
motifs. Secondly, it illustrates that the Mississippian
tribal groups were in many ways cohesive in their
economic, political, spiritual practices, and systems
(trade/religious) because the Etowah plate and other
copper plates are linked by metallurgy logistics of
source and key production centers. The copper
“birdman” motif is significant among other artifacts
because this cultural art with specific ritualistic
representation can be found throughout the
Mississippian Mound sites. 18
Featured Artifact for Museum:
Rogan Plate, Catalogue No.
A91117, Etowah Mound, Falcon
Dancer (Department of
Anthropology, NMNH,
Smithsonian). The copper
“birdman” motif can be found
throughout the Mississippian
Mound sites
19. description
• The Rogan Avian Birdman copper plate was found in Cartersville, Georgia at the Etowah mound site. It
depicts a tribal man or warrior god with Mayan looking indigenous regalia and ritualistic spiritual costume
wearing beads, earplugs, braided or dreaded hair, waist, arm and leg jewelry, ritual headdress and feathers
with what looks like a double-headed (bladed) axe, with a spiritual ritual instrument, rattle, or weapon in
one hand and human sacrificial head in the other hand. The human body is adorned in large oversized
bird feathers and a bird beak or avian animal mask (CGSS Late Paleoindian Period: Mississippian Copper
Plates, N.D.). The human bird man is wearing an “apron” The figure shows the warrior aspect of the tribe
or cultural system. It is noted that human sacrifice was depicted and practiced throughout both the Inca
and Mayan spiritual political systems (kingdoms). “High priests and kings were one in Peru,
CundinAmaraca, worshipped the Sun and the Moon and performed human heart sacrifice like Mayan. The
Peruvian kings had natural fetish king worship rituals, i.e., striking natural objects.
• Lakes were sacred holy places.” (Fischer, 2012). The Rogan Etowah plate is illustrated from an original
found by Rogan with no mention to the whereabouts of the original. In my research, I found many of the
Mississippian artifacts were either stolen, sold or available on auctions throughout the United States
(Taylor, 2018). The artifact is made of copper metal and oxidized producing a greenish turquoise colored
overlay is 20 inches made of very thin light weight sheet copper. Heating and hammering methods of
coppersmithing was analysis and theorized to produce embossed artwork (CGSS Late Paleoindian Period:
19
20. research methods
• Research methods used to find the
Mississippian mounds sites and their
artifacts have been largely field
surveys to map sites (Morgan, 2002)
including site excavations including
studying the site function of the tribal
cultural activities and roles within its
society. Other methods could be
radiocarbon dating, crop marks or soil
analysis, and various sampling
methods, intensive foot surveys of the
site itself (Fagan and Durrani, 2017).
20
Featured Artifact: Pipe effigy (note
tattoo face and body, beard, god-animal
avian (bird), taloned rattlesnake, “below
world”(Birdman, a Great Serpent, or a
Great Panther) motifs, sandstone, 3x5
inches, Virginia Cumberland mounds
21. appropriate method
• LiDAR amazing results in new archeological discoveries
• A recent 2019 archeological discovery was found in the
jungle, coined the “Megalopolis of the Mayan Snake Kings,” a
stone complex Mayan empire in the Peton region of the Mayan
Biosphere Reserve. The technology used to ‘find’ this site is with
(Light Detecting and Ranging) using laser infrared snapshots to
and map the land mass creating 3D topographical models. This
alone has increased the Mayan empire by 15million people
2019).
• This discovery proves that there may be even more hidden Mayan
related empires to discover and that there is much more to the
civilization we are still not only discovering but literally just
land had been previously surveyed by archeologists and scientist,
nothing was found under the dense overgrown jungle. I would use
LiDAR to better detect other possible Mississippian mound sites
their structures.
21
Featured Artifact: Hightower style·
Birdman themed shell· gorget,
Etowah mound, Georgia
22. location and public private land
• The artifact was found in Cartersville, Georgia at the
Etowah mound complex initially a public place that
later became under the domain of the Georgia state
government. The ethical considerations are any
indigenous or Native American burial land law. As I
shared, I found many articles, news posts, and even
public auctions where Mississippian artifacts were
either stolen, lost, or being sold. This both angered
and saddened me deeply. I could not believe that
this was still going on in a manner so disrespectful to
not only the Native American heritage but as pieces
to our puzzling historical past.
22
Featured Artifact: Mississippian
Craig Style shell gorget, Tennessee
24. Connections
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Mississippi Mound Builders
European History and Aboriginal Oral History
26. James Churchward, The Sacred Symbols of Mu
“The end of the Mound Builders, like the Khymers of
Cambodia, apparently came very suddenly, leaving
no trace behind it. The Mound Builders as a people are
gone, but did they leave no descendants in America?”
26
quote
27. What did the Early Americans look like?
North American Aboriginals & South and Central American Indians
archeology
27
28. How were the Aboriginal Indians Conquered
The Doctrine of Discovery – US American Law
archeology
“We are
victims of the
Doctrine of
Discovery”
‒ Chief Warhorse,
Chahta Tchefuncta
Nation
• Constructed by Pope Alexander VI (Spain) on May 4, in 1493
• The Papal Bull "Inter Caetera”
• “stated that any land not inhabited by Christians was available to be "discovered, "claimed, and exploited by Christian rulers and
declared that "the Catholic faith and the Christian religion be exalted and be everywhere increased and spread, that the health of
souls be cared for and that barbarous nations be overthrown and brought to the faith itself”
• All European claims in the Americas as well as the foundation for the United States’ western expansion
• 1823 ‒ US Supreme Court case Johnson v. McIntosh , Chief Justice John Marshall’s opinion· in the unanimous decision· held "that
the principle· of discovery· gave European nations an absolute· right· to New World lands
Resource (see citations): https://www.gilderlehrman.org/content/doctrine-discovery-1493
28
32. Seminoles
Florida
Miccosukee Creek
Yamasee
Georgia
Carolinas
Florida
Guale Creek
Lumbee
Cherokee
North Carolina
Siouian
Pamunkey
Virginia
Maryland
Algonquian
Chahta (Choctaw)
*Mississippi
Louisiana
Florida (West)
Tchefuncta
Muskogean
Lakota Sioux North
Dakota
South Dakota Sioun
Blackfoot
Montana
Canada
Algonquian
Lenape
Pennsylvania
Delaware, New York
Oklahoma, Wisconsin
Canada
Algonquian
archeology
Who are they?
Paleo Amerindian
Southeastern and
Woodland North
American Nations
32
33. SOUTHEASTERN REGIONS: LAW AND TRIBES
Chahta (Choctaw)
Cherokee
Chickasaw
Seminole
Chickasaw
5 Civilized Tribes
(Aboriginal)
& Reestablishment of the
Tribes and Territory
(Government Recognized
and Modern Native
Americans) 33
34. SOUTHEASTERN INDIANS: REMOVAL, WARS, & TRAIL OF TEARS
European and American Indian Wars
East of the Mississippi (post-1775)
American Revolution (1775–1783)
Cherokee–American wars (1776–1794)
Northwest Indian War (1785–1795)
Nickajack Expedition (1794)
Sabine Expedition (1806)
War of 1812 (1811–1815)
Tecumseh's War (1811–1813)
Creek War (1813–1814)
Peoria War (1813)
First Seminole War (1817–1818)
Winnebago War (1827)
Black Hawk War (1832)
Creek War (1836)
Florida–Georgia Border War (1836)
Beaver Wars (1609–1701) between the Iroquois and the French,
who allied with the Algonquians
Anglo-Powhatan Wars (1610–14, 1622–32, 1644–46),1622
Jamestown Massacre,Powhatan Confederacy in the Colony of
Virginia
Pequot War of 1636–38 between the Pequot tribe· and colonists
from the Massachusetts Bay Colony and Connecticut Colony
Kieft's War ( 1643 – 45 ) in the Dutch Lenape people·(NY,
Connecticut)
Peach Tree War ( 1655 )
Esopus Wars ( 1659 – 1663 )
King Philip's War (1675–78) Narragansett people
Tuscarora War (1711–15) in the Province of North Carolina
Yamasee War (1715–17) in the Province of South Carolina
Dummer's War (1722–25) in northern New England and French
Acadia
Pontiac's War (1763–66) in the Great Lakes region
Lord Dunmore's War (1774) in western Virginia ( Kentucky and
West Virginia )
West of the Mississippi
Arikara War (1823)
Osage Indian War (1837)
Texas–Indian wars (1836–1877)
Comanche Wars (1836–1877)
Antelope Hills expedition· (1858)
Comanche Campaign (1867–1875)
Red River War (1874–1875)
Buffalo Hunters' War (1876–1877)
Cayuse War (1847–1855)
Apache Wars (1849–1924)
Jicarilla War (1849–1855)
Chiricahua Wars (1860–1886)
Tonto War (1871–1875)
Victorio's War (1879–1880)
Geronimo's War (1881–1886)
Post 1887 Apache Wars period· (1887–1924)
Yuma War (1850–1853)
Ute Wars (1850–1923)
Battle at Fort Utah (1850)
Walker War (1853–1854)
Tintic War (1856)
Black Hawk War (1865–1872)
White River War (1879)
Ute War (1887)
Bluff War (1914–1915)
Bluff Skirmish (1921)
Posey War (1923)
Sioux Wars (1854–1891)
First Sioux War (1854-1856)
Dakota War (1862)
Colorado War (1863–1865)
Powder River War (1865)
Red Cloud's War (1866–1868)
Battle of Beecher Island (1868)
Great Sioux War (1876–1877)
Northern Cheyenne Exodus (1878-1879)
Ghost Dance War (1890–1891)
Rogue River Wars (1855–1856)
Yakima War (1855–1858)
Puget Sound War (1855–1856)
Coeur d'Alene War (1858)
Mohave War (1858–1859)
Navajo Wars (1849–1866)
Paiute War (1860)
Yavapai Wars (1861–1875)
Snake War (1864–1869)
Hualapai War (1865–1870)
Modoc War (1872–1873)
Nez Perce War (1877)
Bannock War (1878)
Crow War (1887)
Bannock Uprising (1895)
Yaqui Uprising (1896)
Battle of Sugar Point (1898)
Crazy Snake Rebellion (1909)
Last Massacre (1911)
Battle of Kelley Creek (1911)
Battle of Bear Valley (1918)
Trail of Tears-Indian Removal Act of 1830 of Southeastern 5 Civilized
Tribes to “Indian Territory” 1831–1877
34
35. Facts and Oral History from Chief Warhorse
• Title
Queen of the Tchefuncta
Chief of the Chahta Nation – 1998 appointed
• Indigenous Tribal Name
Chahta indigenous name “Gods People” later renamed Choctaw by European explorers
Choctaw name used by government appointed “modern” Native Americans
US Government divided dark skin (Aboriginal) Indigenous Americans from the Bering Straits modern
Native Americans
Chahta Nation not federally recognized by the US Government (to date)
“Waterway People”
• Lineage
Aboriginal Indigenous American
• Ancient PaleoAmerindian and Meso-Indian (6000 BC) descendent, Older DNA from Modern Native
American
• 365 elders of Indigenous Tribe
• Ancient and Current Land Region:
Grandfather “we owned as far as the eyes can see, from Gulf of Mexico to Appalachian Mountains”
Louisiana region (1803) formerly West Florida, and Mississippi (which was formerly Louisiana)
Bonfouca village “water of the bayou” or “swamp”
• Periods, Mound Builder Eras, and Economic History
“Mississippian culture comes way after the Chahta culture”
Tchefuncta period (600 BC - l 200 AD) prior to Poverty Point (2000 BC-600 BC)
Mound Builders from ancient times to present
Known as “first brick makers”
Known and tied to Brickyards in Louisiana
Long Distance Trade - Traded with Cuba and Caribbean Islands by way of schooners and ships documented by
early Europeans
SOUTHEASTERN INDIANS: CHAHTA TRIBE
DESCENDENT OF MISSISSIPIAN MOUND BUILDERS
Queen Chief
Elwin Warhorse Gillum of Slidell
35
36. Facts and Oral History from Chief Warhorse
• Tribal rituals include:
Mound Building celebration
Day of the Dead celebration
• Connection to Olmec Mayan lineage
Chata Mountain has giant Olmec heads by way of mounds and brick monuments
Bolivian tribal elders recognized North American Chahta as “relatives” and descendants of
their “ancestors”
• US Law & Policy (to date) – [partial list]
Recognized American Indian – reclaimed ”American Indian” status 2010 US Consensus
Tribal members reclassified from “other” and “creole” by U.S. Department of Commerce,
Bureau of Census
Part of the descendants of Chahta (Choctaw), Creek, Cherokee who refused to leave their land
under Andrew Jackson (Trail of Tears)
Unrecognized American Indian Tribe by US Federal Government (to date)
Written out of history books, stolen identity, paper genocide
Doctrine of Discovery (1493-to date) mandated under the US Constitution
Louisiana Purchase (1803)
Republic of West Florida (1810) – modern day Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi
Sundry Law – Act of 1790
Transatlantic Slave Trade – [started with enslavement of Indigenous Indians]
Eminent Domain - Boom Co. v.Patterson,98 U.S.403, 406 (1879)
General Allotment Act or the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887
Racial Integrity Act 1924 – “One Drop Rule” lobbied by Walter Plecker
SOUTHEASTERN INDIANS: CHAHTA TRIBE
DESCENDENT OF MISSISSIPIAN MOUND BUILDERS
Queen Chief
Elwin Warhorse Gillum of Slidell
36
37. economic culture
• Economics of these tribes were effected
when European settlers, explorers, and conquers came to
the Americas
• As stated in oral history and documented these
American Indians were involved in trading not only in
North America but the Caribbean, South and Central
America
• Land redistribution resulted in loss of identity and
culture
• US Law and Policy consistently worked as system to
confine and destroy
wealth and tribal sovereignty
• By using the Pen as a weapon in the case of Paper
Genocide “Black” Indians were not provided recognition
to land rights, identity, and have little authority over
their ancestral land i.e., mound sites and archeology
37
Featured: Etowah Georgia mound and
Birdman Rogan artifact iconography
38. Before the European came to the Americas we were
in the Swamp area. Before there was a Florida, we
were in the Tchfuncta Chahta region…
38
quote
Oral History of the Chahta Nation in America
“History proves that the Chahta were once in control from the Gulf of Mexico to the
Appalachian Mountains. My grandfather told me “at one time we owned everything
father than a man’s eye can see. But they kept pushing us and pushing us . Trying to
push us off the face of the earth.
Ancient Regions in America Before the European arrived here to the Americas we were
in the swamp area of West Florida. Today those people identify us as Louisianans.
Before there was a West Florida, we were in the Tchefuncta or the Chahta region.
History proves that once the Chahta were once in control from the Gulf of Mexico to the
Appalachian mountains. My grandfather told me our family history being passed down.
He took me outside and told me, ““at one time we owned everything father than a
man’s eye can see. But they kept pushing us and pushing us . They tried to push us off
the face of the earth.” Black Europeans (Moors of Spain) and white Europeans coming to
our land. Here we were independent our own government living well. Until someone
came and decided that we should not be in the place we were in and began pushing us
down. “
Chahta
(renamed the Choctaw)
*Mississippi
Louisiana
Florida (West)
Tchefuncta
archeology
39. What the European began to was change names. My
Grandmother and them, went to bed in West
Florida. Woke up and they was in America. How did
that happen? European migration, European laws,
which placed me in Louisiana.
39
quote The Power of the Pen becoming Law: Land and Identity
“What at the European began to do was to change names. So they started
changing names as they wrote books back to France or Spain. And those
books showed the changing of the names there but here people didn’t see
the change. For instance right now I’m in West Florida but legally by papers
I'm in Louisiana. Now when did we make it to Louisiana and never move,
never caught a boat? Nothing! Still in the same place we been for thousands
of years. But we end up in a place called Louisiana. My Grandmother and
them, went to bed in West Florida. Woke up and they was in America. How
did that happen? European migration, European laws, which placed me in
Louisiana. “
Chahta
(renamed the Choctaw)
*Mississippi
Louisiana
Florida (West)
Tchefuncta
archeology
40. social culture
• Many Black Indian tribes today are not federally
recognized by the US Government
• Others continue to fight for recognition and inclusion
into modern Native American tribes that continue to
classify them as descendants of African slaves and
modern Native American lineage, although some
tribal members have dual ancestry and lineage,
others do not
• Such is the case with the Tchefuncte Chahta who are
descendants of the Mississippi Mound Builders and
Aboriginal Original Indigenous Americans
• Tchefuncte Chahta continue to celebrate their ancient
culture with Mound Building ceremonies and Day of
the Dead ceremonies that resemble both 40
Chief Queen Tchefuncte Chatah Warhorse, and
White House Constituency Roundtable, Director
Gail Adams of the Department of Interior’s Office
of Intergovernmental and External Affairs. photo:
Edwards, Times-Piscayune, 2011
41. archeology
religious culture
Day of the Dead
Ceremony –
Tchecfuncta
Mexico
Ancient Mound
Builders
Tchefuncta
Poverty Point
Chahta Land
West Florida (1808)
Chahta Brick Builders of
Louisiana
“Ancient Mound
Builders”
Bolivia Inka &
Ancient Mayan
lineage
Chahta Olmec Heads
Chata Mountain
Name of Aboriginal
Indian tribe
41
Poverty Point Mound &
Tchefuncte Artifacts “We’re Mound builders. I
am a Mound builder.
Building and making brick.
We were known as being
the first brick makers. Court
records say we were the
richest brick makers. When
Louisiana burnt down, our
bricks rebuilt New Orleans.
We were independent. We
were entrepreneurs doing
business around the world.
Doing long distance trade
and manufacturing. I asked
my Grandfather, “where do
we come from,” he said we
been here always.” Chief
Warhorse, oral history,
(Truths AI, 2018, [YouTube])
42. impact on population
• The research I conducted and studied not only
impact the Tchefuncta Chahta Nation by mere
recognition, awareness, and human family ties
but more importantly effect the reader and those
who find this information and data useful
• Personally, this research as it unfolded for me
these past few weeks and days drastically
provided some healing and closure for my own
Native American, Aboriginal American and
African American ancestors
• I once saw them in shallow graves hidden from
our memories and today, I feel and see them
standing with dignity and honor
• I realize I am a researcher, storyteller, and scribe
with the responsibility of sharing the history that
must be told for the healing of all people on this 42
Featured Artifact for
Museum: Rogan Plate,
Catalogue No.
43. Connections
LOREM IPSUM NTUES RIGHRT TTHERE CONTI
Lorem ipsum ntues righrt tthere conti
III
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Mississippi Mound Builders
Connections to our Past and Present Human Story
44. Ablavsky,G. (2011). University of Pennsylvania Law Review. Making Indians “white”:The JudicialAbolition of Native Slavery in RevolutionaryVirginia and Its Racial
Legacy,159(5),175.doi:https://www.law.upenn.edu/journals/lawreview/articles/volume159/issue5/Ablavsky159U.Pa.L.Rev.1457(2011).pdf
Baires, S. (2018, February 23). White Settlers Buried theTruthAbout the Midwest's Mysterious Mound Cities. Retrieved from
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/white-settlers-buried-truth-about-midwests-mysterious-mound-cities-180968246/
Barras,C. (2013.).The father of all men is 340,000 years old. Retrieved from https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn 23240 -the-father-of-all-men-is-340000-years-
old/
Brown University. (2016, October 05).YouTube: Indian Slavery:An Unspoken History. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VZ8A52AC2LI
CGSS Late Paleoindian Period: Mississippian Copper Plates. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://peachstatearchaeologicalsociety.org/index.php/20-copper-artifacts/296-
mississippian-copper-plates
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Churchward, J. (1933).The sacred· symbols of Mu. NewYork: IvesWashburn Publisher.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/apps/g/page/national/paleoamerican-remains-found-in-the-yucatan/ 1036/ noredirect=on
Clynes,T. (2019, March 14).ThisAncient CivilizationWasTwiceAs Big As Medieval England. Retrieved from https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2018/02/maya-
laser-lidar-guatemala-pacunam/
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45. 45
Culture
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citations
Edwards, S. ( 2011, November 24) White House paysTchefuncta Nation visit· in its 'White House' . Retrieved from https://www.nola.com/community/st-
tammany/2011/ 11 /white_house_pays_tchefuncta_na . html
Fagan, B. M., & Durrani, N. (2017). In the beginning:An introduction· to archaeology.Abingdon,Oxon: Routledge.
Fisher, R. S. (2012). Book of the world:The book of the world; being an account of all republics, empires, kingdoms, and nations , in reference· to their geography,
statistics, commerce...(Vol. 1). Place of publication· not identified: Rarebooksclub.com .
Gray, L. H. (Ed.). (1920).The Mythology of all races: In 13 vol. Latin America.(Vol.XI). Boston: Marshall Jones Company.
Hirst, K. K. (2017, March 08).TheGreat Mississippian Wave of CulturalChange from Cahokia. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/southern-cult-
southeastern-ceremonial-complex-172809
Imhotep, D. (2012).The First AmericansWere Africans: Documented Evidence. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse.
Indigenous Peoples Research Foundation. (2018). Serpent raises it's head in Georgia. Retrieved from https://www.precontact.org/serpent-raises-its-head-in-georgia
Kumar, M. (2014, May 15). DNA From 12,000-Year-Old Skeleton HelpsAnswer theQuestion:WhoWere the First Americans? Retrieved from
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/dna-12000-year-old-skeleton-helps-answer-question-who-were-first-americans-180951469/
Little,G. L.,Turman, D., & Roe, H. (2009).The illustrated encyclopedia of NativeAmerican Indian mounds & earthworks. Memphis,TN: EagleWing Books.
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Morgan, D. (2002, October).Archaeology and Prehistoric Mississippi. Retrieved from http://www.mshistorynow.mdah.ms.gov/articles/74/archaeology-and-prehistoric-
mississippi
Ogilby, J. (1671).America: Being the latest, and most accurate description· of the New world:Containing the original of the inhabitants , and the remarkable· voyages
thither:The conquest· of the vast empires of Mexico and Peru , and other large· provinces and territories , with the several European plantations in those parts:Also ,
their cities , fortresses , towns , temples , mountains , and rivers:Their habits , customs , manners , and religions:Their plants, beasts, birds and serpents. . . London.
Pintado,V. S. (1805) Map of Louisiana, Spanish West Florida. [Map] Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/2013585050/.
Pipe from theWilliamVaux Collection, Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology, DOI: 10.1080/01461109.2017.141991
PopeVI A. (n.d.).The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History. Retrieved from https://www.gilderlehrman.org/content/doctrine-discovery-1493.The Doctrine of
Discovery , 1493, A Spotlight on a Primary Source by Pope AlexanderVI.
Power, S. C. ( 2004 ). Early art· of the Southeastern Indians feathered serpents and winged beings.Athens: University of Georgia Press.
R.Veit & M. Lobiondo. (2018): A Problematic Mississippian
Taylor, S. (2018, November 15). Stolen Moundville artifacts recovered after 40 years. Retrieved from https://www.tuscaloosanews.com/news/20181112/stolen-
moundville-artifacts-recovered-after-40-years
Truths,A.I. (2018, September 18). Chief Warhorse CONFIRMSThat Dane Calloway Is 100% CorrectWithThe InformationThat He Presents. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E5xt_xGUrtA