This document discusses irrigation, which is the artificial supply of water to agricultural lands. It provides a brief history of irrigation dating back to 4000 BCE in Peru and the Indus Valley Civilization. There are four main types of irrigation discussed: surface, localized, lateral move, and center pivot irrigation. Surface irrigation involves distributing water over the soil surface via gravity through methods like level basin and furrow irrigation. Localized irrigation uses a piped network to distribute water under low pressure through techniques like drip, sprinkler, and bubbler irrigation. The document also outlines advantages like increased food production but notes disadvantages such as waterlogging and soil salinity issues.

1. IRRIGATION
BY– SAYLI SOLANKE

2. WHAT IS IRRIGATION ?
 It is artificial way of supplying water to the
agricultural land at the right moment
 For the proper growth of plants appropriate volume
of water is needed, so we get the maximum yields
of cultivation .

3. HISTORY
 Archeologist found remains of 3 irrigation canal, In
the zana valley of peru, from 4rth millennium BCE
 In India irrigation developed from Harappan
civilization (3300-1300 BCE)in Pakistan and north
India.

4. NEED OF IRRIGATION -
 For normal growth and yield of the plant.
 To reduce the soil temperature.
 For easy germination of the seeds from the soil.
 To provide crop insurance against short duration
drought
 Uneven Distribution of Rainfall
 Uncertainty of Rainfall
 Irregularity of Rainfall
 Specialty of Crops
 Development of agriculture in desert area

5. TYPES OF IRRIGATION-
1.Surface irrigation
2.Localized irrigation
3.Lateral move irrigation
4.Centre pivot irrigation

6. SURFACE IRRRIGATION
 Surface irrigation is defined as the group of
application techniques where water is applied and
distributed over the soil surface by gravity.
 About 90% area irrigated by this method.
1.Level basin
2.Furrow
-small channels carry water

7. 2.LOCALIZED IRRIGATION
 Water is distributed under low pressure through a
piped network.
 a. Drip irrigation
-most water efficient
-water is delivered near the plant , at root
 b. Sprinkler irrigation
 c. Bubbler irrigation

8. 3.LATERAL MOVE IRRIGATION
 A series of pipe each with a wheel is affixed to its
midpoint and sprinkler along its length. Water is
supplied At one end using a house. After sufficient
water is supplied house is removed. The hose
reconnected .The process has been repeated until
the opposite edge of field is reached.

9. 4.CENTRE PIVOT IRRIGATION
 also called waterwheel and circle irrigation, is a
method of crop irrigation in which equipment rotates
around a pivot and crops are watered
with sprinklers. A circular area centered on the pivot
is irrigated, often creating a circular pattern in crops
when viewed from above.
 Overhead sprinklers (static or revolving)

10. WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF
IRRIGATION ?
 Improve ground water storage.
 Increase of food production.
 Increase income.
 Modify soil or climate environment
 Increase value of land
 Lessen risk of damage caused by drought.
 Increase labor employment.
 Increase standard of living.

11. WHAT ARE THE DISADVANTAGES OF
IRRIGATION ?
 Water logging.
 Salinity and alkalinity of land.
 Pollution of underground water.
 Results in colder and damper climate causing
outbreak of diseases like malaria.

12. WHAT ARE THE PROBLEMS
GENERATED BY IRRIGATION ?
 Breeding places for mosquitoes
 Ground water table is increased
 Water logging
 Formation of marshy land.
 It may cause earthquake
 Excess irrigation cause arsenic
contamination which may cause greater
disaster in future

13. WHAT SHOULD WE DO FOR
OVERCOME THIS PROBLEMS
 Use effective method of irrigation
 Reduce water wastage
 Salinity control program
 Use bucket drip irrigation.

14. THANK YOU !!