Bronchial hygiene techniques are non-invasive methods to clear airways and improve lung function. They include coughing, breathing exercises, postural drainage, active cycle of breathing techniques (ACBT), autogenic drainage, positive expiratory pressure, chest physiotherapy, and suctioning. The document describes the procedures, indications, contraindications, advantages and disadvantages of various airway clearance techniques.
Manual ventilation, or ‘bagging’, is the use of a manual resuscitator bag (MRB) for the ventilation of a patient via either a facemask or an endotracheal tube.
The document summarizes the Buteyko breathing method, a technique developed in Russia to help treat various medical conditions like asthma, bronchitis, and anxiety. It works by retraining breathing habits to reduce overbreathing and increase carbon dioxide levels in the body. The method involves 5 core sessions to teach breathing exercises and relaxation techniques to make breathing changes automatic. Clinical trials showed it reduced asthma symptoms by over 95% for many patients.
Altitude can be categorized based on elevation above sea level into low, moderate, high, very high, and extreme altitudes. As altitude increases, atmospheric pressure and partial pressure of oxygen decrease. This causes physiological responses from the respiratory, cardiovascular, and metabolic systems to try to compensate for the lower oxygen availability. Maximal oxygen uptake and endurance exercise performance decrease significantly with increasing altitude above 5,000 feet, though anaerobic sprint performances are generally not impaired at moderate altitude. With chronic exposure to altitude over weeks to months, the body can acclimate through various adaptations like increased ventilation, blood volume and hemoglobin levels.
Neurophysiological Facilitation of Respiration is a treatment technique used for respiratory care of patients with unconscious or non-alert, and ventilated, and also with a neurological condition
NPF is the use of external proprioceptive and tactile stimuli that produce reflex respiratory movement responses and that increase the rate and depth of breathing
Close your mouth buteyko breathing clinic self help manual -mc keown 2004trab22
This document provides an overview of the Buteyko method for treating asthma. It discusses that modern western lifestyles have increased breathing volume, which is the underlying cause of asthma according to the Buteyko method. The document outlines normal breathing volumes and how asthmatic breathing volumes are often higher. It also provides exercises and techniques for reducing breathing volume through the Buteyko method to help treat asthma symptoms.
The incremental shuttle walking test (ISWT) requires patients to walk between two cones that are 9 meters apart in time to auditory beeps that get faster each minute. The test ends when the patient can no longer keep up with the beeps or is too breathless. Standardization is important, including performing the test twice with rest in between and using only instructions from the audio recording. The ISWT measures exercise capacity and can track changes from exercise training programs in patients with conditions like COPD.
Bronchial hygiene techniques are non-invasive methods to clear airways and improve lung function. They include coughing, breathing exercises, postural drainage, active cycle of breathing techniques (ACBT), autogenic drainage, positive expiratory pressure, chest physiotherapy, and suctioning. The document describes the procedures, indications, contraindications, advantages and disadvantages of various airway clearance techniques.
Manual ventilation, or ‘bagging’, is the use of a manual resuscitator bag (MRB) for the ventilation of a patient via either a facemask or an endotracheal tube.
The document summarizes the Buteyko breathing method, a technique developed in Russia to help treat various medical conditions like asthma, bronchitis, and anxiety. It works by retraining breathing habits to reduce overbreathing and increase carbon dioxide levels in the body. The method involves 5 core sessions to teach breathing exercises and relaxation techniques to make breathing changes automatic. Clinical trials showed it reduced asthma symptoms by over 95% for many patients.
Altitude can be categorized based on elevation above sea level into low, moderate, high, very high, and extreme altitudes. As altitude increases, atmospheric pressure and partial pressure of oxygen decrease. This causes physiological responses from the respiratory, cardiovascular, and metabolic systems to try to compensate for the lower oxygen availability. Maximal oxygen uptake and endurance exercise performance decrease significantly with increasing altitude above 5,000 feet, though anaerobic sprint performances are generally not impaired at moderate altitude. With chronic exposure to altitude over weeks to months, the body can acclimate through various adaptations like increased ventilation, blood volume and hemoglobin levels.
Neurophysiological Facilitation of Respiration is a treatment technique used for respiratory care of patients with unconscious or non-alert, and ventilated, and also with a neurological condition
NPF is the use of external proprioceptive and tactile stimuli that produce reflex respiratory movement responses and that increase the rate and depth of breathing
Close your mouth buteyko breathing clinic self help manual -mc keown 2004trab22
This document provides an overview of the Buteyko method for treating asthma. It discusses that modern western lifestyles have increased breathing volume, which is the underlying cause of asthma according to the Buteyko method. The document outlines normal breathing volumes and how asthmatic breathing volumes are often higher. It also provides exercises and techniques for reducing breathing volume through the Buteyko method to help treat asthma symptoms.
The incremental shuttle walking test (ISWT) requires patients to walk between two cones that are 9 meters apart in time to auditory beeps that get faster each minute. The test ends when the patient can no longer keep up with the beeps or is too breathless. Standardization is important, including performing the test twice with rest in between and using only instructions from the audio recording. The ISWT measures exercise capacity and can track changes from exercise training programs in patients with conditions like COPD.
This document discusses neurological gait and gait rehabilitation. It begins by defining normal gait and describing common pathological gaits that can result from neurological conditions, including hemiplegic, spastic diplegic, Parkinsonian, myopathic, and ataxic gaits. Specific characteristics and management approaches are described for each type. Rehabilitation approaches covered include traditional gait training exercises, use of assistive devices, high-tech options like body-weight supported treadmill training and electrical stimulation, as well as strength and balance training. Surgical management is also briefly discussed for some conditions.
physiotherapy management for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Sunil kumar
role of physiotherapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, principles of physical therapy management in copd, physiotherapy assessing and treatment for copd
The document discusses outcome measures of functional capacity, specifically the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT). It provides background on each test, how they are implemented, evidence on their validity, reliability and responsiveness. Both tests are described as suitable measures for cardiopulmonary patients, though some evidence suggests the ISWT may better correlate to physiological measures like heart rate and dyspnea. Further research is still needed to establish the tests' validity across specific patient populations.
THIS PPT IS MADE ONLY FOR LEARNING PURPOSE AND IT CAN BE WRITTEN AS PT MANAGEMENT FOR ANY PULMONARY DISEASE WHETHER OBSTRUCTIVE OR DESTRUCTIVE IN EXAMINATION. PROTOCOL VARIES FROM PATIENT TO PATIENT IN CLINICAL PRACTICE.
This document discusses fatigue, including its definition, types, causes, symptoms, and assessment. It defines fatigue as tiredness or diminished energy that interferes with normal activities. Fatigue can be acute or chronic, and local or general. Common causes include lack of sleep, stress, illness, and advancing age. Symptoms include forgetfulness and lack of interest. Assessment involves history, physical exam, and potentially blood tests and imaging. Tests evaluate things like anaerobic capacity, aerobic capacity, and muscle strength and fatigue. Questionnaires can also assess fatigue severity.
Physiotherapy can help patients at various stages of COVID-19 infection and recovery. It is used in ICUs to help clear secretions and prevent complications in ventilated patients. Techniques include positioning, chest physiotherapy, and limb exercises. For non-ICU patients, physiotherapy focuses on breathing exercises, coughing, postural drainage, and mobilization. After leaving hospital, regular exercise can aid recovery through improving fitness, reducing breathlessness, and increasing muscle strength. A physiotherapy program includes warm-up, fitness, strengthening, and cool-down exercises.
Multiple sclerosis a devastating progressive condition cased due to demyelination and gliotic changes in CNS. Physiotherapy managemnet options available for most of the clinical features are enumerated
Autogenic Drainage (AD) is a breathing technique developed to clear secretions from the lungs. It involves 3 phases: 1) low volume breaths to mobilize peripheral secretions, 2) tidal volume breaths to collect middle airway mucus, and 3) large breaths and coughing to expectorate from the central airway. The technique aims to generate airflow through the lungs without airway collapse to loosen and transport secretions from small to large airways. It takes training to properly execute the varying breath volumes and coughs.
This presentation is detail about Volta therapy which is commonly used in paediatric neurological conditions and also for adults. this presentation explains what are the various techniques, methods of application of Volta therapy, indications, contraindications, etc.
This document outlines the physiotherapy management for various types of thoracic surgeries. It discusses:
1) Pre-operative and post-operative physiotherapy protocols for procedures like thoracotomy, pneumonectomy, pleurodesis, and thoracoplasty which involve breathing exercises, coughing techniques, ROM exercises, and early mobilization.
2) Common post-operative complications like pain, retained secretions, decreased mobility and focuses on ensuring analgesia and lung re-expansion exercises.
3) Timeline of post-operative physiotherapy starting from day of surgery, with progression of exercises and mobilization before discharge by 7-10 days on average.
Autogenic Drainage (AD) is a breathing technique developed in the 1960s/80s in Europe to clear secretions from the lungs using controlled breathing and minimal coughing. It involves three phases - unsticking secretions with small breaths, collecting secretions in the middle airways with medium breaths, and evacuating secretions into the mouth with deep breaths to be spit out. Each phase takes 2-3 minutes for a total of 6-9 minutes. The technique aims to hear and feel secretions being moved up the airways with exhalation instead of coughing.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is the ability of machines to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, and decision-making. AI is an area of computer science that includes general problem solving, natural language processing, reasoning, learning, and many other activities. The goal is to create machines that can learn from experience, adjust to new inputs and perform human-like tasks.
This document describes techniques for localized breathing exercises to improve lung ventilation and clear secretions. It discusses basal, apical, and posterior basal expansion specifically. Basal expansion uses the "bucket-handle" movement of the ribs caused by diaphragm contraction. It is best taught unilaterally to allow shoulder relaxation. The techniques involve the therapist applying pressure to areas of the chest during inhalation to encourage expansion. Goals include expanding lung tissue, increasing ventilation in chronic conditions, and removing secretions. Care must be taken to avoid fatigue and breathlessness.
This document discusses various field tests that can be used to assess cardiorespiratory fitness without expensive equipment. It describes distance run tests like the 1-mile or 12-minute run that evaluate aerobic capacity. Walking tests and step tests are also covered that involve measuring heart rate before and after the activity. The document provides details on administering selected tests and measuring pulse rates accurately.
Introduction,Goals,Muscles of ventilation,Inspiration,Expiration ,Mechanics of ventilation,Lungs and pleurae,Lobes of lungs,Lung volumes and capacities,Total lung capacity,Analysis of chest shape,Barrel chest ,Pectus excavatum (funnel chest),Chest mobility,Palpation,Mediastinal shift,Auscultation of breath sounds,Normal Breath sound,Adventitious Breath sound.
Neurophysiological fascilitation of respirationDipalee Parikh
Neurophysiological fascilitation of respiration is a technique to improve ventilation in unconscious patient in acute care. It is a short term management to improve cost of breathing.
The document describes tests that can be used to evaluate coordination, balance, gait, and posture in patients. It explains how to test for coordination by having patients perform rapidly alternating movements with their hands and point-to-point movements touching their nose and the examiner's finger. The Romberg test is described to test balance by having patients stand with their eyes closed. Gait is evaluated by having patients walk normally, heel-to-toe, on their toes, and on their heels. The wall test is provided to assess posture.
Spina bifida/ dysraphism - assessment and physiotherapy management Susan Jose
refrences kessler tecklin darcy.
a all round description of assesment in physiotherapeutic methods and management techniques.
participationn increasing measures and limitation reduction stratergies
7[1].4 the regulatory mechanism in respirationcikgushaik
The document outlines learning objectives related to human respiration. It describes how the rate of respiration increases during vigorous activity to supply more oxygen and remove more carbon dioxide. It explains the regulatory mechanism of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body, noting that increased carbon dioxide stimulates breathing centers to increase the breathing rate. Various situations that affect respiratory response are discussed, such as high altitudes, fear, and different components of tobacco smoke that are harmful to the lungs.
This document discusses breathing patterns, including normal breathing and several abnormal patterns. It begins by covering the physiology of breathing and influencing factors. It then examines parameters for assessing breathing and various abnormal patterns such as apnea, tachypnea, bradypnea, hyperventilation, Kussmaul breathing, Cheyne-Stokes breathing, Biot's breathing, sighing breathing, and obstructed breathing. Each abnormal pattern is defined and examples of potential causes are provided.
This document discusses neurological gait and gait rehabilitation. It begins by defining normal gait and describing common pathological gaits that can result from neurological conditions, including hemiplegic, spastic diplegic, Parkinsonian, myopathic, and ataxic gaits. Specific characteristics and management approaches are described for each type. Rehabilitation approaches covered include traditional gait training exercises, use of assistive devices, high-tech options like body-weight supported treadmill training and electrical stimulation, as well as strength and balance training. Surgical management is also briefly discussed for some conditions.
physiotherapy management for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Sunil kumar
role of physiotherapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, principles of physical therapy management in copd, physiotherapy assessing and treatment for copd
The document discusses outcome measures of functional capacity, specifically the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT). It provides background on each test, how they are implemented, evidence on their validity, reliability and responsiveness. Both tests are described as suitable measures for cardiopulmonary patients, though some evidence suggests the ISWT may better correlate to physiological measures like heart rate and dyspnea. Further research is still needed to establish the tests' validity across specific patient populations.
THIS PPT IS MADE ONLY FOR LEARNING PURPOSE AND IT CAN BE WRITTEN AS PT MANAGEMENT FOR ANY PULMONARY DISEASE WHETHER OBSTRUCTIVE OR DESTRUCTIVE IN EXAMINATION. PROTOCOL VARIES FROM PATIENT TO PATIENT IN CLINICAL PRACTICE.
This document discusses fatigue, including its definition, types, causes, symptoms, and assessment. It defines fatigue as tiredness or diminished energy that interferes with normal activities. Fatigue can be acute or chronic, and local or general. Common causes include lack of sleep, stress, illness, and advancing age. Symptoms include forgetfulness and lack of interest. Assessment involves history, physical exam, and potentially blood tests and imaging. Tests evaluate things like anaerobic capacity, aerobic capacity, and muscle strength and fatigue. Questionnaires can also assess fatigue severity.
Physiotherapy can help patients at various stages of COVID-19 infection and recovery. It is used in ICUs to help clear secretions and prevent complications in ventilated patients. Techniques include positioning, chest physiotherapy, and limb exercises. For non-ICU patients, physiotherapy focuses on breathing exercises, coughing, postural drainage, and mobilization. After leaving hospital, regular exercise can aid recovery through improving fitness, reducing breathlessness, and increasing muscle strength. A physiotherapy program includes warm-up, fitness, strengthening, and cool-down exercises.
Multiple sclerosis a devastating progressive condition cased due to demyelination and gliotic changes in CNS. Physiotherapy managemnet options available for most of the clinical features are enumerated
Autogenic Drainage (AD) is a breathing technique developed to clear secretions from the lungs. It involves 3 phases: 1) low volume breaths to mobilize peripheral secretions, 2) tidal volume breaths to collect middle airway mucus, and 3) large breaths and coughing to expectorate from the central airway. The technique aims to generate airflow through the lungs without airway collapse to loosen and transport secretions from small to large airways. It takes training to properly execute the varying breath volumes and coughs.
This presentation is detail about Volta therapy which is commonly used in paediatric neurological conditions and also for adults. this presentation explains what are the various techniques, methods of application of Volta therapy, indications, contraindications, etc.
This document outlines the physiotherapy management for various types of thoracic surgeries. It discusses:
1) Pre-operative and post-operative physiotherapy protocols for procedures like thoracotomy, pneumonectomy, pleurodesis, and thoracoplasty which involve breathing exercises, coughing techniques, ROM exercises, and early mobilization.
2) Common post-operative complications like pain, retained secretions, decreased mobility and focuses on ensuring analgesia and lung re-expansion exercises.
3) Timeline of post-operative physiotherapy starting from day of surgery, with progression of exercises and mobilization before discharge by 7-10 days on average.
Autogenic Drainage (AD) is a breathing technique developed in the 1960s/80s in Europe to clear secretions from the lungs using controlled breathing and minimal coughing. It involves three phases - unsticking secretions with small breaths, collecting secretions in the middle airways with medium breaths, and evacuating secretions into the mouth with deep breaths to be spit out. Each phase takes 2-3 minutes for a total of 6-9 minutes. The technique aims to hear and feel secretions being moved up the airways with exhalation instead of coughing.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is the ability of machines to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, and decision-making. AI is an area of computer science that includes general problem solving, natural language processing, reasoning, learning, and many other activities. The goal is to create machines that can learn from experience, adjust to new inputs and perform human-like tasks.
This document describes techniques for localized breathing exercises to improve lung ventilation and clear secretions. It discusses basal, apical, and posterior basal expansion specifically. Basal expansion uses the "bucket-handle" movement of the ribs caused by diaphragm contraction. It is best taught unilaterally to allow shoulder relaxation. The techniques involve the therapist applying pressure to areas of the chest during inhalation to encourage expansion. Goals include expanding lung tissue, increasing ventilation in chronic conditions, and removing secretions. Care must be taken to avoid fatigue and breathlessness.
This document discusses various field tests that can be used to assess cardiorespiratory fitness without expensive equipment. It describes distance run tests like the 1-mile or 12-minute run that evaluate aerobic capacity. Walking tests and step tests are also covered that involve measuring heart rate before and after the activity. The document provides details on administering selected tests and measuring pulse rates accurately.
Introduction,Goals,Muscles of ventilation,Inspiration,Expiration ,Mechanics of ventilation,Lungs and pleurae,Lobes of lungs,Lung volumes and capacities,Total lung capacity,Analysis of chest shape,Barrel chest ,Pectus excavatum (funnel chest),Chest mobility,Palpation,Mediastinal shift,Auscultation of breath sounds,Normal Breath sound,Adventitious Breath sound.
Neurophysiological fascilitation of respirationDipalee Parikh
Neurophysiological fascilitation of respiration is a technique to improve ventilation in unconscious patient in acute care. It is a short term management to improve cost of breathing.
The document describes tests that can be used to evaluate coordination, balance, gait, and posture in patients. It explains how to test for coordination by having patients perform rapidly alternating movements with their hands and point-to-point movements touching their nose and the examiner's finger. The Romberg test is described to test balance by having patients stand with their eyes closed. Gait is evaluated by having patients walk normally, heel-to-toe, on their toes, and on their heels. The wall test is provided to assess posture.
Spina bifida/ dysraphism - assessment and physiotherapy management Susan Jose
refrences kessler tecklin darcy.
a all round description of assesment in physiotherapeutic methods and management techniques.
participationn increasing measures and limitation reduction stratergies
7[1].4 the regulatory mechanism in respirationcikgushaik
The document outlines learning objectives related to human respiration. It describes how the rate of respiration increases during vigorous activity to supply more oxygen and remove more carbon dioxide. It explains the regulatory mechanism of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body, noting that increased carbon dioxide stimulates breathing centers to increase the breathing rate. Various situations that affect respiratory response are discussed, such as high altitudes, fear, and different components of tobacco smoke that are harmful to the lungs.
This document discusses breathing patterns, including normal breathing and several abnormal patterns. It begins by covering the physiology of breathing and influencing factors. It then examines parameters for assessing breathing and various abnormal patterns such as apnea, tachypnea, bradypnea, hyperventilation, Kussmaul breathing, Cheyne-Stokes breathing, Biot's breathing, sighing breathing, and obstructed breathing. Each abnormal pattern is defined and examples of potential causes are provided.
COPD is a chronic lung disease that makes it difficult to breathe by damaging the lungs over time. The main symptoms are shortness of breath, chronic cough, and excess mucus production. COPD is usually caused by smoking and long-term exposure to lung irritants. The diagnosis involves lung function tests and chest imaging. Treatment focuses on bronchodilators, pulmonary rehabilitation, oxygen therapy, and lifestyle changes like quitting smoking. Managing symptoms and staying active are important for living well with COPD.
1st science 16 causes, symptoms, prevention and treatmentShirley Sison
Here are some responses to the assignment questions:
1. General ways to minimize or prevent respiratory ailments include maintaining good hygiene, getting adequate rest, and avoiding exposure to pollutants and irritants.
2. To inform the public about the dangers of smoking and lung cancer, one could create educational materials highlighting the health risks and statistics, give presentations, or participate in advocacy campaigns.
3. Traffic aides and factory workers wear masks to filter out pollutants and particles in the air that could otherwise be inhaled and potentially damage the lungs over time with prolonged exposure.
4. Your breathing rate increases in crowded areas due to higher levels of carbon dioxide from many people exhaling in a confined space.
This document discusses oxygenation and its relationship to respiratory and cardiovascular function. It covers topics like the physiology of oxygenation, factors that affect oxygenation like age, environment, lifestyle, and health status. Common manifestations of altered respiratory and cardiovascular function are described, like dyspnea, tachypnea, and hypoxia. Life span changes and problems related to respiration and circulation at different ages are outlined. The document also discusses respiratory and cardiac emergencies, and the nursing process for assessment and care planning for patients with respiratory or cardiovascular issues.
This document discusses oxygenation and its relationship to respiratory and cardiovascular function. It covers topics like the physiology of oxygenation, factors that affect oxygenation like age, environment, lifestyle, and health status. Common manifestations of altered respiratory and cardiovascular function are described, like dyspnea, tachypnea, and hypoxia. Life span changes and problems related to respiration and circulation at different ages are outlined. The document also discusses respiratory and cardiac emergencies, and the nursing process for assessment and care planning for patients with respiratory or cardiovascular issues.
The lungs are located in the chest cavity and are responsible for respiration. They bring oxygen into the body through inhalation and remove carbon dioxide through exhalation. The lungs have several non-respiratory functions as well, such as filtering the blood and protecting the body from harmful substances. Common lung diseases include asthma, COPD, pulmonary fibrosis, infections, lung cancer, and pulmonary embolism. Taking care of lung health through a balanced diet, exercise, and preventing exposure to irritants can help keep the lungs functioning properly.
Ok, heres the story. I was teaching this otherwise sharp EMT-Basic class that bombed two respiratory emergency tests in a ROW!
So this is the remedial lecture I inflicted on them. I don\'t know if they passed because of this fine work, or just because they were afraid of another lecture fo they failed.
Hope its useful to you.
The respiratory system takes in oxygen and removes carbon dioxide through a series of major organs including the lungs, bronchi, trachea, larynx, pharynx, mouth and nose. It interacts with the circulatory system to exchange gases and the nervous system to control breathing rate. The system works to maintain homeostasis by supplying oxygen to the body and removing carbon dioxide through breathing and the complex exchange of gases within the lungs and bloodstream.
Respiration is defined as the transport of oxygen from the outside air to the cells within tissues, and the transport of carbon dioxide in the opposite direction.
The physiological definition of respiration should not be confused with the biochemical definition of respiration, which refers to cellular respiration: the metabolic process by which an organism obtains energy by reacting oxygen with glucose to give water, carbon dioxide and ATP (energy). Although physiologic respiration is necessary to sustain cellular respiration and thus life in animals, the processes are distinct: cellular respiration takes place in individual cells of the organism, while physiologic respiration concerns the bulk flow and transport of metabolites between the organism and the external environment.
This document provides information about breathing and respiration. It begins by outlining the unit outcomes which are to describe normal breathing mechanisms, identify signs of abnormal breathing, and develop skills in assisting patients with breathing difficulties. It then discusses the importance of breathing, reviews the respiratory system and breathing mechanisms, describes gas exchange in the lungs and regulation of breathing. It identifies normal and altered breathing patterns like tachypnea, bradypnea, apnea, dyspnea and discusses signs like cyanosis, chest retractions and breathing sounds. The document concludes by outlining how to assess a patient's breathing.
abnormal breathing patterns in respiratory systemMahrukhMunawar1
This document summarizes different breathing patterns and their physiology. It describes the normal breathing rate and process of gas exchange. Factors like age, body size and exercise influence breathing. Parameters to assess breathing include rate, depth, rhythm and character. Abnormal breathing patterns discussed include apnea, tachypnea, bradypnea, hyperventilation, Kussmaul breathing, Cheyne-Stokes breathing, Biot's breathing, sighing breathing and obstructed breathing. Causes and characteristics of each abnormal pattern are provided.
Hyperventilation occurs when breathing is rapid or deep, resulting in an abnormal loss of carbon dioxide from the blood. Lowered carbon dioxide levels impact various bodily functions as carbon dioxide plays a key role in respiration, blood flow, acid-base balance, and digestion. Symptoms of hyperventilation include dizziness, tingling, muscle cramps, and anxiety. Treatment focuses on raising carbon dioxide levels in the blood by techniques like breathing through pursed lips or into a paper bag.
The respiratory system works with the cardiovascular system to oxygenate the blood and remove carbon dioxide. It is composed of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, and related structures. The nose warms and moisturizes inhaled air before it reaches the lungs. Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli, where oxygen diffuses into blood and carbon dioxide diffuses out. The respiratory center controls breathing and is sensitive to carbon dioxide and oxygen levels in the blood.
This lecture covers respiratory rate, blood pressure, and their assessment. It defines respiration and describes the mechanics of breathing. Normal respiratory rates are provided. Blood pressure is defined as the pressure of blood in the arteries. The normal blood pressure and factors influencing it are discussed. Methods of assessing respiration and blood pressure are described.
The document discusses oxygen insufficiency and hypoxia. It defines oxygen insufficiency as a condition where the body or a region is deprived of adequate oxygen supply. Hypoxia refers specifically to low oxygen levels in tissues. There are several types of hypoxia depending on where the deficiency occurs, such as in oxygen supply, transport, or utilization. Signs of inadequate oxygenation include changes in respiratory, cardiovascular, and central nervous systems. Treatment involves restoring adequate oxygen levels through ventilation support, oxygen therapy, and addressing underlying causes.
Ventilation of the lungs occurs through breathing, which requires clear airways, an intact respiratory system, and a thoracic cavity capable of expanding and contracting. Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the blood while carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the alveoli. Factors like cardiac output, hematocrit levels, and exercise affect oxygen transport. Respiratory regulation maintains appropriate oxygen and carbon dioxide levels through neural and chemical controls. Alterations in respiratory function include hypoxia, hypoventilation, and hyperventilation which have signs and symptoms like anxiety, fatigue, and cyanosis.
This document summarizes pulmonary ventilation and oxygenation. It discusses the mechanics of breathing including inspiration and expiration. It also covers gas exchange in the lungs and blood, oxygen and carbon dioxide transport, and factors that can affect respiratory function such as medications, lifestyle, stress, and disease. Diagnostic tests for evaluating lung function are described. The nursing management of respiratory issues including promotion of oxygenation through various techniques is outlined.
Similar to Buteyko Breathing Method for anxiety (20)
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
The skin is the largest organ and its health plays a vital role among the other sense organs. The skin concerns like acne breakout, psoriasis, or anything similar along the lines, finding a qualified and experienced dermatologist becomes paramount.
Mercurius is named after the roman god mercurius, the god of trade and science. The planet mercurius is named after the same god. Mercurius is sometimes called hydrargyrum, means ‘watery silver’. Its shine and colour are very similar to silver, but mercury is a fluid at room temperatures. The name quick silver is a translation of hydrargyrum, where the word quick describes its tendency to scatter away in all directions.
The droplets have a tendency to conglomerate to one big mass, but on being shaken they fall apart into countless little droplets again. It is used to ignite explosives, like mercury fulminate, the explosive character is one of its general themes.
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
Travel vaccination in Manchester offers comprehensive immunization services for individuals planning international trips. Expert healthcare providers administer vaccines tailored to your destination, ensuring you stay protected against various diseases. Conveniently located clinics and flexible appointment options make it easy to get the necessary shots before your journey. Stay healthy and travel with confidence by getting vaccinated in Manchester. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
Demystifying Fallopian Tube Blockage- Grading the Differences and Implication...
Buteyko Breathing Method for anxiety
1. Anxiety Free
By: Patrick McKeown,
author of “Anxiety
Free: stop worrying
and quieten your
mind”
www.ButeykoDVD.com
www.ButeykoKids.com
www.ButeykoClinic.com
2. How you breathe significantly
contributes to;
• Anxiety
• Attention deficit
• Behavioural issues/ADHD
• Racing mind
• Panic attacks
• Poor concentration
3. More specifically: over-breathing
/chronic hyperventilation
•Breathing a volume of air greater than metabolic
requirements. In other words, breathing too
much.
•During prolonged overbreathing, the respiratory
centre in the brain is reset to maintain the habit.
•Prolonged hyperventilation (for more than 24
hours) seems to sensitize the brain, leading to a
more prolonged hyperventilation.
4. Modern living causes
overbreathing
• Processed foods / overeating
• Lack of exercise
• Stress
• Belief good to big breathe
• High temperatures of houses
• Public speaking- school
teachers, sales etc.
• Asthma – (symptoms- vicious
circle)
5. Overbreathing can be recognised by;
Breathing through the mouth
Hearing breathing during rest
Sigh regularly
Regular sniffing
Irregular breathing
Taking large breaths prior to talking
Yawning with big breaths
Upper chest movement
Lot of visible movement
7. The Bohr effect
• Heavy breathing causes a loss of
carbon dioxide from the lungs, blood,
tissues and cells.
• This results in less oxygen being
released from the blood into the
tissues and organs. The heavier you
breathe, the more your body is being
starved of oxygen.
• Breathing through the mouth, sighs,
sniffing, noticeable breathing,
hearing breathing during rest
indicates that you are heavy
breathing.
8. Blood vessel constriction
“Every 1 mmHg
drop of arterial
CO2 reduces
blood flow to the
brain by 2%.”
Haughe et al 1980 cited in
Multidisiplinary approaches to
breathing pattern disorders by Leon
Chaitow, Dinah Bradley and
Christopher Gilbert
9. Lower carbon dioxide within the blood causes a
constriction of the carotid artery, the main blood
vessel going to the brain. The extent of constriction
depends on genetic predisposition but has been
estimated by Gibbs (1992) to be as much as 50% for
those with anxiety and panic attacks. This finding is
also supported by Ball & Shekhar (1997).
Cited in Anxiety Free: stop worrying and quieten your mind
10. Other researchers, including Balestrino and Somjen (1988)
and Huttunen et al. (1999), have demonstrated that CO2
reduces cortical excitability.
“breathing too much makes the human brain abnormally
excited due to reduced CO2 concentrations. As a result,
the brain gets literally out of control due to appearance of
spontaneous and asynchronous (‘self-generated’)
thoughts.” Balestrino and Somjen (1988) in their summary
directly claimed that, “The brain, by regulating breathing,
controls its own excitability.”
Cited in Anxiety Free: stop worrying and quieten your mind
11. Oxygenate all tissues and organs
• Quiet breathing ensures optimum partial pressure of
carbon dioxide within the lungs, blood, tissues and cells.
The release of oxygen from the blood depends on the
presence of carbon dioxide.
• The calmer and quieter you breathe, the more blood
vessels open, enabling better circulation and distribution of
oxygen throughout the body, including the brain.
To oxygenate your brain- breathe
correctly
12. “Hyperventilation presents a collection of bizarre and
often apparently unrelated symptoms, which may
affect any part of the body, and any organ or any
system.”
Claude Lum: Hyperventilation- the tip of the iceberg
13. He further labels hyperventilation syndrome
as the fat file syndrome, noting that patients
go from doctor to doctor in an attempt to get
help for their symptoms. However, because
chronic hyperventilation is overlooked in most
instances, the patient might be told after a
series of tests that there is nothing wrong with
him or her, thus increasing the size of the
patients’ file and further adding to his or her
anxiety.
19. Only by bringing your breathing volume to
normal levels can you deal with the
physiological aspects of stress and anxiety.
Long-term stress is exhausting and is known to
result in many illnesses. It increases breathing
volume, causing carbon dioxide to be washed
from the lungs.
Remember: The more you breathe in, the
more your breathe out.
The more you breathe out, the more CO2 is
washed from the lungs.
20. • As CO2 is washed from the lungs, the partial
pressure of CO2 is reduced in the blood,
tissues and cells.
• Prolonged overbreathing resets the
respiratory centre in the brain to tolerate a
lower partial pressure of CO2.
• Therefore, even when the initial stress is
removed, the heavy breathing habit is
maintained as a result of chemoreceptors in
the brain being reset.
21. An anxious person may attend many
psychotherapists, counsellors, psychologists
and psychiatrists in an effort to get to the root
of his or her condition. However, unless
chronic overbreathing is addressed, he or she
will be at a significant disadvantage in making
progress.
22. Level and correct breathing volume allows
normalisation of the partial pressure of
carbon dioxide within the lungs, thus
improving oxygenation of the brain and
resulting in far less brain cell excitability.
24. • Dr Robert Fried, professor of psychology,
states that “the first stage of chronic graded
hypoxia (insufficient oxygen), which has
repeatedly been shown in the case of chronic
hyperventilation, is depression of mood and
activity.
25. • In the late Professor Buteyko’s words,
“Exhaling Carbon Dioxide from the organism
brings about spasms in bronchi, vessels and
intestines, etc. This reduces oxygen supply,
leading to oxygen deficiency, making one’s
breath heavier, thus completing the vicious
circle.”
26. What is involved with Buteyko?
• Unblocking of the nose
• Switching from mouth to nasal
breathing
• Correction of breathing volume to
more normal levels
• Various guidelines regarding physical
exercise, diet, stress and sleeping.
27. Anxiety Free
By: Patrick McKeown,
author of “Anxiety
Free: stop worrying
and quieten your
mind”
www.ButeykoDVD.com
www.ButeykoKids.com
www.ButeykoClinic.com