Business Process of NGO

Business Process of NGO – Final Project SSP-494
Group # 15 Page 1
Self Study Project: MGT-494
Total Marks: 100
FINAL PROJECT
Dear Students
AOA
I have finalized the topics .Please check attached excel file. Many students replied me they
have chosen topic Finance/Marketing/HR. Remember, Finance /Marketing/HR are the fields
and you have to chose topics under their umbrella. Those who did not submit their topics will
be given Zero marks from 100. You still have time to wake up and send me group project by
following below mentioned guidelines.
The deadline for Project Submission will be Friday 29th May 2015.
Following are the project report guidelines.
The report should be well-written and read coherently. It should contain a clear description of
the issue and its importance. It must provide complete reference. Please edit the report
thoroughly before you submit it. The project report should be minimum of 20 pages and
should not exceed 25 pages (double-spaced, font Times New Roman 12 point), excluding
title page and references. For typing the project report use MS-Word.
The report should conform to the following format:
 · Title Page
 · Introduction
 · Analysis/Discussion
 · Conclusion
 · References
Title page should also contain an abstract of about 200 words. No page number should appear
on the title page. The introduction should be about two-three pages long and provide a brief
introduction to the issue and the overview of the project. Analysis/discussion part of the
project report is the most important part and you can break them into several sections. The
concluding section should provide a brief summary of your project (about one
page).Complete reference should be reported in the reference section.
Have a Good Day!
Good Luck :)

Group # 15 Page 2
Business Process of NGO
(SM Education Foundation)
GROUP NUMBER: 15
GROUP MEMBERS:
FA14-EMBA-257 Inam Ul Haq (GROUP LEADER)
FA14-EMBA-278 Muhammad Tahir
FA14-EMBA-238 Don’t Know (Not Participated In Project)
A project on partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Master of Business Administration (Executive)
Self Study Project
(MGT-494 SSP)

Group # 15 Page 3
Acknowledgement
All acclamations to Allah who has empowered us and enabled us to accomplish
the task successfully first of all we would to thanks to our Allah almighty, that
really help us in every problem during the project. We would like to express
sincere and humble gratitude to Almighty, whose blessings help and guides das
been a real source of all our achievement in our life.
We would like to admit that we completed this project due to parents who pray
for our success.
We take this opportunity to express our profound gratitude and deep regards to
our supervisor Miss Marium Hurr for her exemplary guidance, monitoring and
constant encouragement throughout the course of this final project.

Group # 15 Page 4
DEDICATION
This final project is dedicated to our respective parents who have been our
constant source of inspiration. They have given us the drive and discipline to
tackle any task with enthusiasm and determination. Without their love and
support this project would not have been made possible.

Group # 15 Page 5
Table of Contents:
Titles Page No.
Project Overview (Abstract)……………………………………………………….……..07
NGO social sector in Pakistan……………………………………………………………08
Brief History of NGO Sector……………………………………………………….08
NGO Regulations…………………………………………………………………..08
NGO Funding in Pakistan…………………………………………………………..08
NGO Selection for Grants………………………………………………………….09
Pakistan Growth Rate…………………………………………………………………….11
Role of NGO in Education………………………………………………………………..12
Business Process of NGO’s……………………………………………………………….13
Resources flow…………………………………………………………………..…13
Business model…………………………………………………………………..…15
FUND RAISING TECHNIQUES………………………………………………….…….16
Marketing Profession……………………………………………………………….16
Acknowledgement of Donations……………………………………………………17
Thank You! Letter………………………………………………………………..…17
Progress Reports………………………………………………………………….…17
Integrity……………………………………………………………………………..17
Positive Attitude……………………………………………………………….……18
Calculating and Recording Project Inputs……………………………………….….18
Types and Donations Source………………………………………………………….…...19

Group # 15 Page 6
Public Fund Raising Events…………………………………………………………19
Urban Donors to Rural Communities………………………………………………19
Commercial Donations……………………………………………………..………19
Communal Labour………………………………………………………………….19
Agricultural Donations…………………………………………………………..…20
Donated Food Preparation…………………………………………………….……20
Raffles and Lotteries…………………………………………………………..……20
Anonymous Donors…………………………………………………………...……20
SM Educational Foundation………………………………………………………..…….21
About………………………………………………………………………….……21
Vision……………………………………………………………………………....22
Mission………………………………………………………………………….….22
Fund Raising Ways……………………………………………………………..….23
Project Conclusion………………………………………………………………………..24

Group # 15 Page 7
Abstract
There are number of factors in society which interact to make education more or less
successful when it comes to improving life conditions of the poor. Pakistan is a developing
and poor country. In Pakistan about 40% of 187 million population of Pakistani are living
below the poverty line. In Pakistan, education has different levels, primary middle,
secondary, intermediate and higher education.
Our project is related to the business setup process for the educational purpose to the needy
students and for proving the facility of funds which we have raised through different
techniques of funding like Zakat and Qarz-e-Hasna. NGO has established different ways for
the collection of funds both for Zakat and Qarz-e-Hasna. There are many Islamic and legal
rules which the NGO will strictly follow. NGO will examine the student’s background and
grant it Qarz-e-Hasna/Zakat on the basis of its expenses and financial position.

Group # 15 Page 8
NGO social sector in Pakistan
Pakistan is a country with a rapidly growing population, most of which lives below the
poverty line. Neglect of the lower cadres of population by consecutive governments in
Pakistan gave rise to the need of alternate Organizations addressing the core issues of
illiteracy, health problems and many others faced by the poor society.
These bodies and Organizations filling the human development needs gap are commonly
known as NGOs - Non- governmental Organizations OR more recently as NPOs- Non-Profit
organizations.
Although the number of registered NGOs in Pakistan runs in thousands, those that are
actually making worthwhile contributions are few hundreds. In this project, we have made an
effort to compile a list of the most prominent NGOs in Pakistan which are working for the
sake of poor society education.
Brief History of NGO Sector
Philanthropy has been a major part of the Pakistani culture since the beginning. Historically,
traditional businessmen have been contributing to community development projects. General
public also has a giving nature and been assisting the poor under both humanitarian as well as
religious inspirations. The formal NGO sector however developed in the past couple of
decades. Since the 80s the Non-profit NGO sector has witnessed considerable activity and
growth in Pakistan.
NGO Regulations
Although government of Pakistan does not provide guidelines or directly monitor NGO
activities, it is mandatory to register the NGO with the government. Registration is generally
under 'Societies Registration Act of 1860' OR Voluntary social welfare agencies ordinance
1961.
The guidelines for NGO operations and activities are generally provided by the Donors /
Funding agencies. Quality control audits are also performed by the donors.
NGO Funding in Pakistan
Even though the work done by the NGOs is for development and social uplift of local
communities, there is almost no support provided by the federal or local governments.
Almost all of the funding is by international donor agencies. Those include USAID, UN
bodies and many other organizations.

Group # 15 Page 9
The funds are transferred using by donors only through banking or other legal channels. A
third party audit is also conducted on the use of those funds by NGOs in Pakistan. Although
there is relaxation in tax procedures for NGOs, contrary to popular belief, NGOs are not fully
exempt from income tax in Pakistan.
NGO Selection for Grants
Grants are generally provided on project basis. Donors publish advertisements calling for
Proposals. In response to that NGOs submit Project proposals, their profiles, financial
feasibility studies and many other requirements. NGOs/ NPOs are shortlisted and selected
based on their past performances, available infrastructure and professional competencies of
staff and board members.
List of NGOs offering small loans and credits for home based entrepreneurship projects
Logo Name of NGO Postal Address Work Overview
Kashf
Foundation
19-Aibak Block,
New Garden Town,
Lahore-Pakistan
Tel: +92-42-111-981-981
Email: info@kashf.org
Small Loans and
financial
education for
poor.
Akhuwat
Address: 382, Block 15,
Sector B-1, Township,
Lahore.
Phone No: 042-35122743,
35156382
Provide interest
free microfinance
for starting small
home based
businesses.
Community
Support Concern
Building # 319 Block 4 Sector
D1 Green Town Lahore
Pakistan.Phone: +92-42-
35123623 Regional offices-
Okara, Sheikhupura, Dera
Ghazi khan
Loans for uplift
of rural
communities.

Group # 15 Page 10
DAMEN
(Development
Action for
Mobilization &
Emancipation)
26-C, Nawab Town, Raiwind
Road,Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
Phone: 0092-42-5310471-2
Microfinance and
capacity building
programs for
marginalized
communities.
Rural
Community
Development
Society
1st floor Hajvery plaza,
Khajooranwala road,
Begum kot ferozwala
Distt. Sheikhupura
Tel : +92 -423-7901130
Regional offices- Nankana
Sahib, Kasur, Sheikhupura,
Lahore
Community
Training,
Microfinance,
Post Emergency
Rehabilitation
Programs
Jinnah Welfare
Society (JWS)
11-Jinnah Road Link DC
Road Gujranwala.
Phone No: +92 55 32555 27-
28
Microfinance for
women and
farmers. Also
provides life
skills trainings.
Deep Foundation
Survey 37, Plot # 126, Center
1st Floor,
Subaidar Colony, Zarar
Shaheed Road,
Sadar Cantt Lahore –
Pakistan.
Phone: +92-42-36624485
Microfinance
provisions in line
with islamic
rules.
SM
Educational
Foundation
SM Educational Foundation:
House # 4, G-2, Near Doctor
Hospital, Johar Town, Lahore
Microfinance
provisions in line
with islamic
rules.

Group # 15 Page 11
Pakistan Growth Rate
Pakistan is population wise 6th largest country in the world with highest growth rate:
(1) Extreme poverty and under development in Pakistan obscure the reality of a country
which has variety of resources and entrepreneurial skill to help economic growth. Political
instability and devastating floods are major obstacles in this regard. The country’s arable land
is out standing by potential but only 25% of the total land area is under cultivation. Share of
agriculture at the time of creation of Pakistan was around 53% and after 65 years a significant
decline is observed, now it is 26% of G.D.P
(2) Exploitation of natural resources has been slow due to shortage of capital and domestic
political constraints. Pakistani energy grid has become a great challenge which is failing to
meet the growing needs. Literacy rate is very low.
(3) Violence is another burning issue of the society
(4) Pakistan is mismanaged country because ruling elite has failed to set examples of basic
honesty and decency. Lacking of coherent and inspiring political culture is the basic short
coming and crisis.
(5) Depression, frustration and fear are prevailing throughout the society.
(6) People are deeply concerned about their religion but exploitation in the name of religion
is another serious issue.

Group # 15 Page 12
Role of NGO in Education
The educational field has been known as playing a major role in shaping contemporary
society, mainly because it allows conceptualizing people's surroundings as well as their
interactions with those surroundings. However, as education intersects with politics,
geography, and economics, educational outcomes become significantly different. Educational
ideology is a product of culture and vice versa. In addition to these factors, the understanding
of political economy's role in education is vital in understanding the variance of educational
outcomes.
The language of education used by nation-states as well as international intergovernmental
organizations, non-governmental organizations NGO, and agents of civil society contributes
heavily to the self-identification of individuals. By understanding the language of each, we
can reach a greater understanding of the multiple, conflicting, and overlapping educational
ideologies employed across the globe. The issue of education on an international scale is also
embedded in a complex framework of international relations which alters the effectiveness of
those who employ the ideologies in a practical manner. Education NGOs differ in practice
and ideology based on the previously mentioned factors. However, in the age of
globalization, travel and communication have contributed to new ideas about individual
identities in relation to the global - rather than national - community.

Group # 15 Page 13
Business Process of NGO’s
Many people starting NGOs think that NGOs are not businesses, and therefore they don’t
have to be run like a business. But every organization has the same basic challenge: in order
to do things, it needs resources. Those resources can take different forms. In NGOs, they are
commonly: volunteer time; in-kind contributions; cash contributions.
The organization has to be designed so as to be able to raise substantial resources as inputs,
process them efficiently, and deliver them as outcomes to a target set of beneficiaries.
This process can be collaborative. It can be stakeholder-driven. But resources still have to
flow.
Resources flow
A private sector business model looks like this:
Technical Inputs means that those inputs take three principal forms:
 Resources: The raw materials for doing things
 Capabilities: The capacity to do things
 Innovation: New ways of doing things.
But even capacity-building and innovation within the organization still need resources, so the
bottom line is: every organization has to access resources as its input, just as every animal has
to eat.
Technical
Inputs
Business
Model
Economic
Outputs
Customers
Money
Technical Inputs Includes:
 Resources
 Capabilities
 Innovation

Group # 15 Page 14
The NGO model is slightly different though private sector business. It looks like this:
The important difference between the private and NGO business is that the customer (now
called the beneficiary) is now no longer the payer (now called the donor). In fact, not only are
the recipient and funder now separate, but they may be vastly different people or institutions,
from different cultures, living thousands of kilometers away from each other.
In short, whereas private sector enterprises look like a loop, NGOs look like a chain. This
separation causes many problems, which will be the subject of a separate post. There is also
now emerging a third, hybrid business, called the “social enterprise” or “social business”,
which has NGO aims but a private sector funding cycle.
Technical
Inputs
Business
Model
Social &
Economic
Outputs
Money
Technical Inputs Includes:
 Resources
 Capabilities
 Innovation
Donors
Beneficiaries

Group # 15 Page 15
Business model
There are following six components of a business model:
1. To articulate the value proposition.
2. To identify a market segment.
3. To define the structure of the firm’s value chain.
4. To specific the revenue generation mechanisms.
5. To describe the position of the firm within the value network.
For an NGO, it’s actually more complicated than for a private sector business. This is
because an NGO has to face two ways, to sets of customers: the donors, and the beneficiaries.
In sum, though:
Value proposition
 What is the beneficiary's problem?
 What is the product or service that addresses the problem?
 What is the value of that product or service from the beneficiary's
perspective?
An NGO must also provide a value proposition to the donor.
Market segment
What group of beneficiaries do we target, recognizing that different
populations have different needs?
Sometimes the potential of a product or service is unlocked only
when a different population is targeted.
An NGO must also identify a target group of donors.
Value chain structure  What is the process of helping the poor in which we are involved?
 How do we help that process?
Revenue generation
and margins
 How are funds raised?
 In particular, how do we pay for expensive but unpopular items
like marketing and proposal-writing?
Position in value
network
Competitors: Who else is doing what we plan to do?
Complementary: What other agencies and institutions do we have
work closely with, in order to succeed in delivering our value.
Competitive strategy What is your sustainable difference from what else is out there?
What is your "unique selling proposition" or USP?

Group # 15 Page 16
FUND RAISING TECHNIQUES
This project provides guidelines and suggestions for methods and principles of fund raising
aimed at the financing of community based projects. Fund raising is a valuable part of the
strengthening of NGOs and communities; cash (and non cash) contributions are needed by
them to carry out their desired and planned activities. The obtaining of resources is therefore
a desired and honorable task; fund raisers should be acknowledged and praised. Fund raising
is a job to which all should contribute, and for which all should be responsible.
Many of the techniques and skills of fund raising (some of which are included here) can be or
have been adapted from the commercial profession of "marketing" (in fact, fund raising is
referred to as "marketing" by many NGOs). While marketing and sales skills can be valuable,
they must always be applied in an ethical manner. Every fund raiser (paid or volunteer) must
first and foremost be completely convinced of the value, integrity and benefits of the
organization, and the activities for which the raised funds will be used.
These guidelines, must be modified in each community so as to be adapted to the differences
that characterize every community
1. Marketing Profession:
Many of the skills and techniques of fund raising used by NGOs and some UN agencies have
been developed by, and adapted from the commercial profession of marketing. Some people
(often those outside or unsuccessful at the profession of sales and marketing) see this as a
cynical and insincere activity. Maybe that is so as it is practiced by some, but it does not have
to be, and often is not. If a sales or marketing professional sincerely believes in the value of
the product, sales can be affected honestly and ethically.
The principles of sincerity and ethical integrity especially apply to fund raising. Fund raising
should be the responsibility of all members of the organization, although they may participate
in different ways. It should not be simply left to the professionals. All of us/you, therefore,
should know about principles as well as techniques of fund raising. The fund raiser, first and

Group # 15 Page 17
foremost, must be honestly convinced in the integrity of the organization, and in the benefit
and value of the activity or project of the organization. Potential and past donors very quickly
spot insincerity, dishonesty, and diversion of "their" donated resources.
2. Acknowledgement of Donations:
Acknowledgement is a must. Many donors use their donations to gain prestige and honor in
their communities. It is a small price to praise every donor. Ensure that communities we
assist are aware of the need to acknowledge all donations, and praise the donors for their
loyalty to the community and their much needed and appreciated donation (cash and kind).
3. Thank You! Letter
The most important two words in obtaining funds, and running a successful NGO or
community project, are the words, "Thank you!"
Many NGO staff has wondered why enthusiasm for their activities has dried up, and funds
cease to roll in; and the simple cause is often found to be that the NGO forgot to acknowledge
and thank the donors.
4. Progress Reports:
Further to a simple "thank you," donors want to know what was achieved with their donated
money. The most effective form of thank you is a progress report. Donors are less interested
in your activities; they are more interested in the results of your activities; have you reached,
or partially reached, the objectives you stated when you asked for the donation?
5. Integrity:
A high level of integrity must be maintained at all times. This applies to the set up and
activities of the organization in general, and specifically to its fund raising activities. An
important aspect of that integrity is full accountability.
All actions must be accountable; all funds must be accountable. This means accurate,
complete, understandable and honest narrative reports and financial reports, available at any
time to any member of the public.
Along with accountability is transparency. The group must not have any secret agenda, and
must be public and honest about all its activities and all its expenditures. Account records
must be open that is available to any member of the public to inspect at any time. Honesty
cannot be compromised. The good ends (goals or objectives) of the organization must not be
compromised by questionable means used to get to those ends.

Group # 15 Page 18
Those people responsible for implementing the activities of the group, including the activity
of obtaining funds, must be honestly and totally convinced of the goodness of the group and
its objectives, and the worthwhile values and benefits of the project. This level of integrity is
essential for the sustainability of the group, the completion of the project, and the benefit of
the community.
6. Positive Attitude:
Not everybody is a donor. Some of the people, agencies or groups can or will not give to your
community or organization. If we do not recognize that failure to obtain a donation from one
source does not imply that we or our organization is a failure, we may be tempted to be
discouraged and give up.
Do not give up. We cannot allow yourself to be discouraged; it is a luxury that we, our
organization and our community cannot afford. We may experience eight rejections; do not
give up because the ninth and tenth may bring the needed donation.
7. Calculating and Recording Project Inputs:
It is important to maintain accurate records of all resources used in a community project.
Too often some donations (especially communal labour and gifts in kind) are forgotten or
under-valued, and the correct amount of the community contribution is higher than what is
recorded and reported. This under valuation is detrimental for several reasons: (a) the
community members have a lower estimate of self worth and this lowers confidence, (b) the
outside donors have a lower estimate of community contribution and will be more reluctant to
contribute more or (c) will not recognize the worth of the community inputs.
We must ensure that the executive committee of the community that is planning to undertake
a community based project, recognizes the value of hidden community resources. An
accurate estimate of the cash value of donated resources ─ eg communal labour for
construction, donated skilled labour, time spent by community members and leaders in
meetings for planning, or non cash physical donations ─ must be made by the community.
We should encourage the community to identify and record these. These financial estimates
should be included in the cost estimates of the project proposal, and should be recorded
during the actual construction activities.
When the total costs of a community based project are calculated, they should therefore
include the actual cash contributions of donors, international and local, Governmental and
non-Governmental, and others, plus the cost estimates of all non-monetary donations,
whether in the form of non-cash physical items or services, or human time and energy.

Group # 15 Page 19
Types and Donations Source
This section describes donations from a wide range of potential donors, except those from
donor agencies which require formal proposals. That wide range of potential donors means
there is a wide range of specific techniques that can be applied to the process of (a)
identifying donors, (b) getting a message to them, (c) collecting the donations. Don't forget
the (d): thanking them.
Public Fund Raising Events:
These take many forms. Large community fund raising events can be quite elaborate, with
high profile officials making speeches, and rich persons making ostentatious donations. There
may be several bands, drummers, dance groups, including singers and dancers from the
community schools.
Urban Donors to Rural Communities:
Urban migrants maintain links to their home communities. This can be exploited by rural
NGOs. A small percentage of the urban migrants make fortunes in the cities, and can be
persuaded to contribute to their home community development. A feeling of guilt at not being
home, or of loyalty in spite of absence, may result in some very large donations from rich
urban migrants.
Commercial Donations:
Commercial donations include gifts from firms and businesses that want to advertise their
good will and support of the community. (They should be acknowledged and thanked in
public meetings). The community should be encouraged to identify ways they can convince
the commercial donors that it is in the interest of the commercial donor to assist the project
Communal Labour:
This is an important internal resource (sometimes includes labour of volunteers from
outside). Communal labour involves time and labour donated by community members, some
unskilled (like clearing grass, laying bricks), some skilled (carpentry, masonry), management,
leadership, meetings, planning, supervision.
It is important that we encourage the planners and designers of community based projects that
they should carefully evaluate the cash value of donated communal labour. Too often that
contribution is undervalued, because of ignorance of its worth or, more importantly, an
indication of a low level of confidence and a low self evaluation of the worth of the
community by the community members.

Group # 15 Page 20
Agricultural Donations:
Farmers may donate food for the project: (a) to communal workers who are working on the
project, or (b) to the executive committee to sell to raise cash for the project. They may also
donate other resources off their farms (eg timber, sand, limestone, non-food crops) which
may be used directly or indirectly for the project.
Donated Food Preparation:
While a farmer may donate food to the project, it still needs to be prepared for eating. Other
donors may include people who donate the preparing of food and refreshments to the
community members on communal working days. Do not forget to thank the people who
cook and prepare food for communal labourers.
Raffles and Lotteries:
Raffles and lotteries, gambling-based fund raising techniques are better suited to well
organized, sophisticated urban NGOs, rather than new, rural, small CBOs.
Anonymous Donors:
Anonymous donors are benefactors who remain unknown. They often have private
ideological or religious reasons, but wish to remain unpublicized.

Group # 15 Page 21
About the SM Foundation
SM Foundation, a CSR initiative Credence Group aims at
providing education to the marginalized people especially
from remote areas. The foundation has been developed so
that the deprived and talented individuals can fulfill their
quest for quality education.
In 2011, 60 percent population of Pakistan consisted of youth
and only 58 percent of total population was literate. The countries cannot grow and flourish
without education. With less than 60 percent of literacy rate, Pakistan cannot excel and even
take part in the economic race of developed nations. It is need of the day to have educated
youth in order to leave a positive mark for generations to come and be known as an educated
and a civilized nation. There are many brilliant people in Pakistan who cannot educate due to
monetary reasons. SM Foundation is a platform to help such children and youngsters to
pursue their dreams and help them build a brighter future for themselves in the country.
The Credence Group has taken this initiative and SM Education Foundation will act as a
facilitator as it intends to assist the light of education prevail in every nook and corner of the
country so that the Trust will be able to give a better and brighter future to the generations to
follow.
The foundation has taken this positive step and aspires to not only provide primary and
secondary but higher education as well. It is done through a proper system of Zakat and Qarz-
e-Hasna. A program has been devised to ensure that only intelligent and deserving get the
appropriate assistance for their education. There is no discrimination on the basis of cast,
creed or color. Anyone who is talented yet impoverished and deprived gets the support.
Those people who have no access to the funding systems are at priority.
SM Foundation is optimistic that it will bring a positive change in society.
SM foundation is registered under the Societies Registration Act, XXI of 1860.

Group # 15 Page 22
Vision
Catalyze upward mobility through education, among
the underprivileged segments of the society.
Mission
Seek out educational programs that result in maximal
improvement in earning potential of participants for the
associated cost. Ensure that applicants for financial aid
are capable of completing the program in above average
standing; and will not be able to continue without
financial help. Control costs by keeping overheads
within an acceptable limit.
Muhammad Anwar Dar Lt. General (R) Shahid Iqbal
President Senior Vice President

Group # 15 Page 23
Recently the SM Educational Foundation is using following fund raising techniques:
Donate
Donate generously to make our nation’s future brighter by helping deprived and talented
children to pursue their dreams. Any amount can be donated through cheques or online
transactions
Sponsor Event
If you sponsor events in aid for charities, name SM Foundation as beneficiary. You can hold
charity events, concerts, live shows, auctions, fund raisers on our behalf and lend a hand to
spread the light of education.
In You Will
You can join hands with us to bring positive change in someone’s life by naming SM
Foundation in your will. Name a part of your assets or shares to SM Foundation and support a
child’s education.

Group # 15 Page 24
Conclusion/Summary
Whatever our actions in encouraging and assisting communities to plan and implement their
own community based projects (including the calculation of financial resources) we must
keep the following in mind at all times and to guide all our actions:
 Remember and work towards the general goal (reducing dependency);
 Guide, suggest, train, encourage, praise, inform; and
 Do not promise, do not provide and do not dictate.
The calculation of costs of financing community based projects must be fair and accurate,
and estimates must not undervalue non-cash community donations. When mobilizing a
community to undertake a community based project, we should encourage them to identify a
variety of outside resources (reducing dependency on any one donor) and identify & mobilize
many (often hidden) of their own internal resources.
Obtaining resources for a community project is an honourable and valuable responsibility; do
it with enthusiasm, integrity and confidence.

Business Process of NGO

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