A memorandum may have any format, or it may have a format specific to an office or institution. In law specifically, a memorandum is a record of the terms of a transaction or contract, such as a policy memo, memorandum of understanding, memorandum of agreement, or memorandum of association. Alternative formats include memos, briefing notes, reports, letters or binders. They could be one page long or many. If the user is a cabinet minister or a senior executive, the format might be rigidly defined and limited to one or two pages. If the user is a colleague, the format is usually much more flexible. At its most basic level, a memorandum can be a handwritten note to one's supervisor

1. Memorandum
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MD.AZMERI LATIF BEG
MSc. in Textile Engineering

2. memorandum
• A memorandum (abbrev.: memo) is from the Latin verbal
phrase memorandum
• A memorandum may have any format, or it may have a
format specific to an office or institution. In law specifically,
a memorandum is a record of the terms of a transaction or
contract, such as a policy memo, memorandum of
understanding, memorandum of agreement, or
memorandum of association. Alternative formats include
memos, briefing notes, reports, letters or binders. They
could be one page long or many. If the user is a cabinet
minister or a senior executive, the format might be rigidly
defined and limited to one or two pages. If the user is a
colleague, the format is usually much more flexible. At its
most basic level, a memorandum can be a handwritten
note to one's supervisor

3. Types of memorandum
• Bench memorandum
• Memorandum of agreement
• Memorandum of association
• Presidential memorandum
• Private Placement Memorandum

4. Bench memorandum
• A Bench Memorandum ( bench memoranda) (also known as a
bench memo) is a short and neutral memo which summarizes
the facts, issues, and arguments of a court case. Bench
memos are used by the judge as a reference when preparing
for the trial, when hearing the lawyers' arguments, when
drafting a decision, and just generally to give the judge an
idea of what the arguments given by each side in the court
case will be. Bench memos are generally written by the
judge's law clerk, although lawyers can also submit their own
memos that argue their case, making sure that the memo
remains neutral.

5. Memorandum of agreement
• A memorandum of agreement (MOA) or cooperative
agreement is a document written between parties to
cooperatively work together on an agreed upon project or
meet an agreed objective. The purpose of an MOA is to have
a written understanding of the agreement between parties.
• An MOA is a good tool to use for many heritage projects. It
can be used between agencies, the public and the federal or
state governments, communities, and individuals. An MOA
lays out the ground rules of a positive cooperative effort.

6. Memorandum of association
• The memorandum of association of a company,
often simply called the memorandum, is the
document that governs the relationship between the
company and the outside. It is one of the documents
required to incorporate a company in the United
Kingdom, Ireland, India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Sri
Lanka, and is also used in many of the common law
jurisdictions of the Commonwealth.

7. Presidential memorandum
• A presidential memorandum is a type of
presidential order issued by the President of
the United States to the executive branch of
the United States government. Presidential
memoranda do not have an established
process for issuance or publication.
Presidential memoranda are generally
considered less prestigious than executive
orders.

8. Private Placement Memorandum
• In finance, a prospectus is a document that describes a
financial security for potential buyers. A prospectus
commonly provides investors with material information
about mutual funds, stocks, bonds and other investments,
such as a description of the company's business, financial
statements, biographies of officers and directors, detailed
information about their compensation, any litigation that is
taking place, a list of material properties and any other
material information. In the context of an individual
securities offering, such as an initial public offering, a
prospectus is distributed by underwriters or brokerages to
potential investors.

9. Memorandum of understanding
• A memorandum of understanding (MOU) is a document
describing a bilateral or multilateral agreement between
parties. It expresses a convergence of will between the
parties, indicating an intended common line of action. It is
often used in cases where parties either do not imply a legal
commitment or in situations where the parties cannot create
a legally enforceable agreement. It is a more formal
alternative to a gentlemen's agreement.
• In some cases depending on the exact wording, MOUs can
have the binding power of a contract; as a matter of law,
contracts do not need to be labeled as such to be legally
binding. Whether or not a document constitutes a binding
contract depends only on the presence or absence of well-
defined legal elements in the text proper of the document
(the so-called "four corners"). This can include express
disclaimers of legal effect, or failure of the MOU to fulfill the
elements required for a valid contract (such as lack of
consideration in common law jurisdictions).

10. Examples
• The Memorandum of Understanding Relating to the Treaty
between the United States of America and the Union of
Soviet Socialist Republics on the Limitation of Anti-Ballistic
Missile Systems on May 26, 1972 signed by US President
Richard Nixon and the USSR Successor States updating the
Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty
• The agreement between the Cayman Islands and Cuba under
which Cayman immigration officers must give Cuban refugees
two choices: disembark and be repatriated back to Cuba, or
continue on their way with no help.
• The Memorandum of Understanding on Hijacking of Aircraft
and Vessels and Other Offenses between the US and Cuba,
meant to criminalize hijacking in both countries (February 3,
1973)
• The Agreed Framework between the U.S. and North Korea
over nuclear weaponry on October 21, 1994
• The Oil for Food program, for which Iraq signed an MoU in
1996

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