This document discusses the introduction of bus rapid transit (BRT) systems in Asian developing cities. It outlines key conditions for enhancing BRT development, such as integrating land use and transportation planning and providing exclusive busways. The document also examines strategic plans for implementing BRT, including the design of different BRT configurations and decreasing local buses on BRT corridors. A case study of the Delhi BRT system is presented, including the development of a microsimulation model to evaluate the performance of the Delhi BRT corridor under mixed traffic conditions. Factors affecting the costs of BRT systems are also considered.

1. A STUDY ON THE INTRODUCTION OF BUS
RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM IN ASIAN
DEVELOPING CITIES

2. THE BRT SYSTEM
 A BRT System looks like this:

3. CONDITIONS ENHANCING BRT SYSTEMS
DEVELOPMENT
 Integrating plan of land use and transportation system
 Rapid transit operations
1. High service level
2. Providing exclusive busway
 Entire Network Perspective
1. Good route planning:
2. Providing network feeder
a) Downtown Circulators.
b) Crosstown pick-up.
3. ITS application for operation

4. STRATEGIC PLANS TOWARDS BRT SYSTEM
IMPLEMENTATION IN
DEVELOPING CITIES
 Design of Bus Rapid Transit System
Following aspect are considered in the design of BRT:
1. The minibus (MNB)
2. The BRT without P&R and feeder (BRT)
3. The BRT with P&R and feeder (BRTS)
 Decreasing number of local buses parallel/adjacent to BRT corridor

5. Case Study
In this paper we highlighted the implementation of Delhi BRT System with
special attention on the development of Micro simulation Model.

6. Micro simulation Model
The present study performance assessment of Delhi BRT corridor under
mixed traffic condition VISSIM micro simulation model has been considered.
The following parameters are defined while developing simulation model in
VISSIM:
 Traffic Flow and Composition.
 Acceleration and deceleration rates of vehicle.
 Desired Speed Distribution.
 Vehicle Parameters.

7. Performance Evaluation of Delhi BRT
Link performance models in the form of Speed versus Volume-Capacity Ratio
have been developed for Mixed Vehicle (MV) lane as well as Bus lane of Delhi
BRT corridor as candidate sections. Here a standard BPR function is used:
s : average travel speed in kmph
𝑠𝑓: free flow speed in kmph
v : traffic flow expressed in Passenger Car Units(PCU)
c : Practical capacity.
a : ratio of free flow speed to the speed at capacity
b : curve drop from free flow speed.
S =
𝑠 𝑓
(1+𝑎(
𝑣
𝑐
)
𝑏
)

8. The relation between the speed and
V-C ratio of Mixed Lane (MV) lane
Delhi BRT corridors.
The relation between the speed and V-
C ratio of Bus lane of Delhi BRT
corridors.

9. Factors affecting Cost
Following aspects are considered during cost estimation:
 Investment costs roadway
 Operation and maintenance costs roadways
 Investment costs for stations instead of bus stop
 Operation and maintenance costs for stations
 Sizing costs rolling stock
 Estimates

10. Reference
 Thaned SATIENNAM, Atsushi FUKUDA, Ryosuke(2016), OSHIMA STUDY
ON THE INTRODUCTION OF BUS RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM IN ASIAN
DEVELOPING CITIES – A Case Study on Bangkok Metropolitan
Administration Project –Jl. Of Science Direct.
 Thaned Satiennam, Sittha Jaensirisak, Wichuda Satiennam, Sumet
Detdamrong,(2015), Potential for modal shift by passenger car and
motorcycle users towards Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) in an Asian developing
city, Jl of science direct
 Gautam Raj, Ch. Ravi Sekhar, and S. Velmurugan, Micro simulation Based
Performance Evaluation of Delhi Bus Rapid Transit Corridor, Jl of Procedia
- Social and Behavioral Sciences 104 (2013) 825 – 834.
 Christoph Endresen Siedler, Can bus rapid transit be a sustainable means
of public transport in fast growing cities? Empirical evidence in the case of
Oslo, JL of Transportation Research Procedia 1 (2014) 109 – 120