In this presentation, i talked about different types of burns, how to deal with each, and medicines available on the market for treatment of burns. Also i talked about chemical burns that are caused by households present in every house.

1. Burns Classifications
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2. Types Of Burns
• Heat-related burns : is a burn that we get from direct contact with flame, water hot steam
or even from hot cooking pan.
• A temperature of 44° C is enough to cause burns to the skin, higher temperatures 80° C
can cause sever burns.
• And there are actually four types of this kind, will be discussed next.
• Chemical burns : burns that happen as a result to exposure of chemical hazards.
• They happen more often than you think and are actually considered a fairly common
household injury; it is actually surprising to people to know that almost every room in
your house contains a hazardous chemical-especially the ordinary cleaning products.
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3. Burns Classifications
• There are four degrees of burns depending on how severely and deeply they penetrate the
skin
First Degree Affect the outer layer (the epidermis)
Manifestations: Red, painful, dry and no
blusters.
The skin may be lighter or darker
Second Degree Affect the epidermis and the upper lower layer (Dermis)
Manifestations: Red, blustered, swallowed
and painful
Third Degree
Affect the epidermis and dermis. They may go into the
innermost layer of skin (the subcutaneous tissue)
Manifestations: may look white or blackened
and charred
Fourth Degree
Affect both layers of the skin and underlying tissue as well as
deeper tissue, possibly involving muscle and bone
*No sensation sense nerve ending are
destroyed
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4. Burns Classifications
1st degree
2nd degree
3rd degree
4th degree
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5. Chemical Burns
• We will discuss briefly different households that cause burns.
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6. Chemical Burns
1. Bleach; which is found in every house and a normal housewives would use
it at least 3-4 times a day.
It causes serious burns to the skin, eyes and lungs.
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7. Chemical Burns
2. Ammonia; It is known to be an excellent glass cleaner, also it is
found in toilet bowl cleaners, oven and drain cleaners.
It leads to dangerous chemical burns.
3. Hydrogen peroxide; this chemical compound is found as an
oxidizer, bleaching agent and antiseptic.
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8. Chemical Burns
4. Sodium or Calcium hypochlorite; found in laundry detergents,
it can cause burns to the skin and eyes.
5. Sulfuric acid; most people do not know this but old batteries
may leak the battery acid (Sulfuric acid), which is extremely
corrosive and can cause damage to the exposed skin area.
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9. What To Do In The Case Of Burns
• First-degree burns  since this kind of burns only effect the outer layer of the skin, it will
heal as the cells shed.
• These burns are only treated by house care.
• You can do the following :
• Soaking the wound in cool water for five minutes or longer.
• Take pain reliefs like Acetaminophen or Ibuprofen.
• Apply an anesthetic with Aloe Vera gel or cream to sooth the skin.
• Use an antibiotic ointment and loose gauze to protect the affected area.
• Make sure you don’t use ice, as this may make the damage worse. And prolong the healing
process.
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10. • Second-degree burns  this kind of burns is manifested by blisters on the affected area,
and as the blister is bigger and worse the more time treatment will take.
• In this case you may :
• Wash the skin under cool water for 15 minutes or longer.
• Taking pain reliefs.
• Applying antibiotic cream to the blisters.
• As for the Third- and Fourth-degrees  Call immediately 911 and avoid.
• While you’re waiting for medical treatment, raise the injury above the heart.
• Don’t remove clothes, but make sure no clothing is stuck to the burn.
What To Do In The Case Of Burns
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11. • Never apply cotton balls to a burn because the small fibers can stick to the injury and
increase the risk of infection.
• Never apply toothpaste, butter and eggs as these are not proven to be effective. And may
worsen the burn by causing infections.
• Do not use creams, lotion, oils or cortisone. Only ointments.
• Never pop a blister as it leads to infections.
What To Do In The Case Of Burns
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12. Complications Associated With Burns
• The following complications are not associated with first or second- degrees burns but with
more serious ones.
• Researches have shown that burns cause increase sugar production and insulin resistance.
It is not preferable to test blood sugar after burns.
• And the increased sugar levels make a good environment for microbial growth which leads
to infections and may cause sepsis1 or tetanus2.
• Burns are also associated with decreasing body
temperature.
1: Severe decrease in blood pressure caused by infections, it
may lead to death
2: Same as sepsis
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13. Pharmaceutical Products For Treating Burns
• There are some products that are used for first aid in the case of burns:
• Ointments that have aloe vera or petroleum jelly may be used as well, the ointment does
not have to contain antibiotic in it as it may cause allergic reactions.
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14. References
• https://www.healthline.com/health/burns#outlook
• https://www.californiaburninjurylawyer.net/top-10-common-household-items-
can-cause-chemical-burns/
• https://www.pharmaceutical-journal.com/files/rps-
pjonline/pdf/cp201007_burns_management-249.pdf
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