The document discusses building layout and its marking on the ground. It defines building layout as showing the plan of a structure's foundation on the ground according to its drawings, so excavation and positioning can be accurate. Objectives of building layout are to set out structures according to designs and indicate controlling points practically for construction. Techniques used include string lines between stakes and posts to discern proportions and control points with known coordinates to locate other points precisely.

1. PROJECT NAME
(BUILDING LAYOUT AND ITS MARKING ON GROUND)
Subimited By Mr. Md. Wasiq
Ravi Shastri (CE) Head of Department
2004220009020
GUIDE
Mr. Divakar Singh
(Asst.Prof.)

2. BUILDING LAYOUT
The layout of a building or a structure shows the plan of its foundation on the ground
surface according to its drawings. So, that excavation can be carried out exactly where
required and position and orientation of the building are exactly specified.
The placement of the structure, particularly its foundations, will be determined by
controlling measurements and also references on a drawing and this process is called
Building Layout.

3. Why Building Layout Is Necessary
 The layout of a building or a structure shows the plan of its foundation on the ground
surface according to its drawings. So that excavation can be carried out exactly where
required and position and orientation of the building are exactly specified.
 layout errors that are not identified or properly prioritized during construction weaken
or otherwise compromise the finished structure, creating a serious safety hazard for
occupants. It's easy to see why accuracy is critically important.

4. Objectives of Building Layout
 The purposes of surveying for construction works are to set out the planned structure in accordance with established
designs and indicate the project’s controlling points in the most practical way for the construction forces.
 The stakes, drill holes, batter boards mostly with string lines, cut–and–fill notations, and some other traditional
methods are used to indicate the building’s corners as well as other lateral and vertical positions.
 Generally, some type of reconnaissance, as well as site assessment, precedes the exact layout of the structure. The
procedures listed below are typical of large construction projects.
 • Conducted reconnaissance (aerial, map, and ground)
 • Choosing a location (paper and instrument)
 • Specifying control (horizontal and vertical)
 • Observing topography (plane table)

5. Classifications of Building Plan
Drawings
 The building plans are a series of diagrams that includes site plans, floor plans,
elevations, cross-sections, plumbing, electrical, as well as landscaping designs for the
convenience of construction on the worksite
 •Site plan
 •Floor plan
 •Cross section
 •Elevation

6. Site plan Floor Plan

7. Cross Section Elevation

8. BASELINE
A baseline is a straight reference line with respect to which corners of the building are located on the
ground. It may be outer boundary of a road or curb or boundary of the area or simply a line joining any
two points.

9. HORIZONTAL CONTROLS
Horizontal controls are the points that have known co-ordinates with respect to a specific point. These points are
then used to locate other points such as corners of a layout using various techniques. There should be plenty of
control points so that each point of foundation plan can be located precisely on the ground.

10. Construction Layout Techniques
 To discern the proportions of the building plan, a string line is used.
 Corner stakes, batter boards, and posts are sunk with a sledgehammer.
 In certain soils, a posthole auger is used to dig the holes needed to properly set posts.
 The batter boards and posts are sliced with a handsaw.
 Sharpen batter-board posts and stakes with an axe or a hatchet.
 Building batter boards requires the use of a hammer.
 A chalk line is a tool for laying down chalk on a surface to create a straight guideline.

11. THANK YOU