The document summarizes a presentation given by Stefano Scarpetta on building inclusive labour markets in Kazakhstan. It focuses on three groups: youth, older workers, and people with disabilities. For youth, it recommends strengthening public employment services, investing more in active labour market policies and skills training. For older workers, it suggests improving lifelong learning, ensuring adequate pensions, and encouraging employers to hire older individuals. Finally, it proposes reducing barriers for people with disabilities to enter the labour market.
How’s Life? 2015 describes the essential ingredients that shape people’s well-being in OECD and other major economies. It includes a wide variety of statistics, capturing both material well-being and quality of life. This third edition includes a special focus on child well-being, on volunteering and on inequalities in well-being across different regions within countries.
Skills Outlook 2015: Youth, Skills and EmployabilityEduSkills OECD
(Andreas Schleicher, Director for the OECD Directorate for Education and Skills) Young people around the world are struggling to enter the labour market. In some OECD countries, one in four 16-29 year-olds is neither employed nor in education or training. The OECD Skills Outlook 2015 shows how improving the employability of youth requires a comprehensive approach. While education, social, and labour market policies have key roles to play, co-ordination between public policies and the private sector is also crucial. The publication, which builds on the results of the 2012 Survey of Adult Skills presented in the first edition of the Skills Outlook, also presents examples of successful policies in selected countries.
This 2016 edition of the OECD Employment Outlook provides an in-depth review of recent labour market trends and short-term prospects in OECD countries.
How’s Life? 2015 describes the essential ingredients that shape people’s well-being in OECD and other major economies. It includes a wide variety of statistics, capturing both material well-being and quality of life. This third edition includes a special focus on child well-being, on volunteering and on inequalities in well-being across different regions within countries.
Skills Outlook 2015: Youth, Skills and EmployabilityEduSkills OECD
(Andreas Schleicher, Director for the OECD Directorate for Education and Skills) Young people around the world are struggling to enter the labour market. In some OECD countries, one in four 16-29 year-olds is neither employed nor in education or training. The OECD Skills Outlook 2015 shows how improving the employability of youth requires a comprehensive approach. While education, social, and labour market policies have key roles to play, co-ordination between public policies and the private sector is also crucial. The publication, which builds on the results of the 2012 Survey of Adult Skills presented in the first edition of the Skills Outlook, also presents examples of successful policies in selected countries.
This 2016 edition of the OECD Employment Outlook provides an in-depth review of recent labour market trends and short-term prospects in OECD countries.
Education at a Glance is the authoritative source for information on the state of education around the world. It provides key information on the output of educational institutions; the impact of learning across countries; the financial and human resources invested in education; access, participation and progression in education; and the learning environment and organisation of schools.
The 2016 edition introduces a new indicator on the completion rate of tertiary students and another one on school leaders. It provides more trend data and analysis on diverse topics, such as: teachers’ salaries; graduation rates; expenditure on education; enrolment rates; young adults who are neither employed nor in education or training; class size; and teaching hours. The publication examines gender imbalance in education and the profile of students who attend, and graduate from, vocational education.
The report covers all 35 OECD countries and a number of partner countries (Argentina, Brazil, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, India, Indonesia, Lithuania, the Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia and South Africa).
This edition includes more than 125 figures and 145 tables. The Excel™ spreadsheets used to create them are available via the StatLinks provided throughout the publication. More data is available in the OECD Education Statistics database.
Education at a Glance Interim Report:Update of Employment and Educational Att...EduSkills OECD
The social consequences of the crisis were still deepening in 2013, especially among the most vulnerable groups such as low-educated young adults. In most OECD countries more than four out of five younger adults have attained at least an upper secondary education, implying that one in six of them have qualifications below upper secondary education.
Latvijas ekonomiskā situācija, darba tirgus un prognozesLatvijas Banka
Latvijas Bankas ekonomista Oļega Krasnopjorova prezentācija, kas izmantota 2019. gada 23. maijā Rīgā notikušā starptautiskā seminārā par darba tirgus izaicinājumiem.
Changing Labour Markets, Life-Course and Pensions Conference 19 may 2017 - pr...Eläketurvakeskus
In which ways do labour market flexibilisation and subsequent life-course effects challenge pension provision and how do pension systems respond to such challenges? The conference, organized by the Finnish Centre for Pensions, brought together top researchers and professionals to debate this highly topical issue. Keynotes: Anna D’Addio, Joakim Palme, Traute Meyer, Dirk Hofäcker, Kathrin Komp
Reviews of National Policies for Education - Netherlands 2016EduSkills OECD
How can the Netherlands move its school system “from good to great”? This report draws on international experience to look at ways in which the strong Dutch school system might go further still on the path to excellence. Clearly the Dutch school system is one of the best in the OECD, as measured by PISA and PIAAC and is also equitable, with a very low proportion of poor performers. The report therefore proposes an incremental approach to reform, building on strengths while responding to some emerging challenges. The Netherlands should strengthen the quality of early childhood education and care, revisit policies related to early tracking with more objective testing and track decisions, and enhance the permeability of the system. It should develop the professionalism of teachers and school leaders through enhanced collective learning and working, while at the same time strengthening accountability and capacity in school boards. This report will be valuable not only for the Netherlands, but also to the many other education systems looking to raise their performance who are interested in the example of the Netherlands.
Immigrant Students at School: Easing the Journey towards IntegrationEduSkills OECD
How school systems respond to immigration has an enormous impact on the economic and social well-being of all members of the communities they serve, whether they have an immigrant background or not. Immigrant Students at School: Easing the Journey towards Integration reveals some of the difficulties immigrant students encounter – and some of the contributions they offer – as they settle into their new communities and new schools. Results from the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) indicate that students with an immigrant background tend to perform worse in school than students without an immigrant background. Several factors are associated with this disparity, including the concentration of disadvantage in the schools immigrant students attend, language barriers and certain school policies, like grade repetition and tracking, that can hinder immigrant students’ progress through school. But successful integration is measured in more than academic achievement; immigrant students’ well-being and hopes for the future are just as telling. This report examines not only immigrant students’ aspirations and sense of belonging at school, but also recent trends in Europeans’ receptiveness to welcoming immigrants into their own countries – the context that could make all the difference in how well immigrant students integrate into their new communities. The report includes a special section on refugees and education, and an extensive discussion on education policy responses to immigration.
Labour Market Changes due to the PandemicsLatvijas Banka
Latvijas Bankas ekonomista Oļega Krasnopjorova 2021. gada 27. maija prezentācija “Labour Market Changes due to the Pandemics” Latvijas Kristīgās Akadēmijas starptautiskajā seminārā
Following years of unsustainable economic policies, Argentina has undertaken ambitious reforms. Further wide-ranging structural reforms are needed to respond to challenges still lying ahead. Protecting the poor and ensuring that growth is inclusive and sustainable are key priorities.
OECD Education and Skills Ministerial: Breakout session
Presentation from Andreas Schleicher about the latest OECD education data.
Find out more about the ministerial meeting at : https://www.oecd.org/education/ministerial/
Find out more about our work in education and skills: https://www.oecd.org/education/
The transition from early childhood education to primary school is a big step for all children, and a step which more and more children are having to take. Quality transitions should be well-prepared and child-centred, managed by trained staff collaborating with one another, and guided by an appropriate and aligned curriculum. Transitions like these enhance the likelihood that the positive impacts of early learning and care will last through primary school and beyond. While transition policies have been on the agenda of many countries over the past decade, little research has been done into how OECD countries design, implement, manage and monitor transitions. Filling these gaps is important for designing early years’ policies that are coherent, equitable and sustainable.
This report takes stock of and compares the situation across 30 OECD and partner countries, drawing on in-depth country reports and a questionnaire on transition policies and practices. It focuses on the organisation and governance of transitions; and the policies and strategies to ensure professional, pedagogical and developmental continuity between early childhood education and care settings and schools. The report describes the main policy challenges highlighted by participating countries, along with a wealth of practical strategies for tackling them. The publication concludes with six “cross-cutting” pointers to guide future policy development.
Education at a Glance is the authoritative source for information on the state of education around the world. It provides key information on the output of educational institutions; the impact of learning across countries; the financial and human resources invested in education; access, participation and progression in education; and the learning environment and organisation of schools.
The 2016 edition introduces a new indicator on the completion rate of tertiary students and another one on school leaders. It provides more trend data and analysis on diverse topics, such as: teachers’ salaries; graduation rates; expenditure on education; enrolment rates; young adults who are neither employed nor in education or training; class size; and teaching hours. The publication examines gender imbalance in education and the profile of students who attend, and graduate from, vocational education.
The report covers all 35 OECD countries and a number of partner countries (Argentina, Brazil, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, India, Indonesia, Lithuania, the Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia and South Africa).
This edition includes more than 125 figures and 145 tables. The Excel™ spreadsheets used to create them are available via the StatLinks provided throughout the publication. More data is available in the OECD Education Statistics database.
Education at a Glance Interim Report:Update of Employment and Educational Att...EduSkills OECD
The social consequences of the crisis were still deepening in 2013, especially among the most vulnerable groups such as low-educated young adults. In most OECD countries more than four out of five younger adults have attained at least an upper secondary education, implying that one in six of them have qualifications below upper secondary education.
Latvijas ekonomiskā situācija, darba tirgus un prognozesLatvijas Banka
Latvijas Bankas ekonomista Oļega Krasnopjorova prezentācija, kas izmantota 2019. gada 23. maijā Rīgā notikušā starptautiskā seminārā par darba tirgus izaicinājumiem.
Changing Labour Markets, Life-Course and Pensions Conference 19 may 2017 - pr...Eläketurvakeskus
In which ways do labour market flexibilisation and subsequent life-course effects challenge pension provision and how do pension systems respond to such challenges? The conference, organized by the Finnish Centre for Pensions, brought together top researchers and professionals to debate this highly topical issue. Keynotes: Anna D’Addio, Joakim Palme, Traute Meyer, Dirk Hofäcker, Kathrin Komp
Reviews of National Policies for Education - Netherlands 2016EduSkills OECD
How can the Netherlands move its school system “from good to great”? This report draws on international experience to look at ways in which the strong Dutch school system might go further still on the path to excellence. Clearly the Dutch school system is one of the best in the OECD, as measured by PISA and PIAAC and is also equitable, with a very low proportion of poor performers. The report therefore proposes an incremental approach to reform, building on strengths while responding to some emerging challenges. The Netherlands should strengthen the quality of early childhood education and care, revisit policies related to early tracking with more objective testing and track decisions, and enhance the permeability of the system. It should develop the professionalism of teachers and school leaders through enhanced collective learning and working, while at the same time strengthening accountability and capacity in school boards. This report will be valuable not only for the Netherlands, but also to the many other education systems looking to raise their performance who are interested in the example of the Netherlands.
Immigrant Students at School: Easing the Journey towards IntegrationEduSkills OECD
How school systems respond to immigration has an enormous impact on the economic and social well-being of all members of the communities they serve, whether they have an immigrant background or not. Immigrant Students at School: Easing the Journey towards Integration reveals some of the difficulties immigrant students encounter – and some of the contributions they offer – as they settle into their new communities and new schools. Results from the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) indicate that students with an immigrant background tend to perform worse in school than students without an immigrant background. Several factors are associated with this disparity, including the concentration of disadvantage in the schools immigrant students attend, language barriers and certain school policies, like grade repetition and tracking, that can hinder immigrant students’ progress through school. But successful integration is measured in more than academic achievement; immigrant students’ well-being and hopes for the future are just as telling. This report examines not only immigrant students’ aspirations and sense of belonging at school, but also recent trends in Europeans’ receptiveness to welcoming immigrants into their own countries – the context that could make all the difference in how well immigrant students integrate into their new communities. The report includes a special section on refugees and education, and an extensive discussion on education policy responses to immigration.
Labour Market Changes due to the PandemicsLatvijas Banka
Latvijas Bankas ekonomista Oļega Krasnopjorova 2021. gada 27. maija prezentācija “Labour Market Changes due to the Pandemics” Latvijas Kristīgās Akadēmijas starptautiskajā seminārā
Following years of unsustainable economic policies, Argentina has undertaken ambitious reforms. Further wide-ranging structural reforms are needed to respond to challenges still lying ahead. Protecting the poor and ensuring that growth is inclusive and sustainable are key priorities.
OECD Education and Skills Ministerial: Breakout session
Presentation from Andreas Schleicher about the latest OECD education data.
Find out more about the ministerial meeting at : https://www.oecd.org/education/ministerial/
Find out more about our work in education and skills: https://www.oecd.org/education/
The transition from early childhood education to primary school is a big step for all children, and a step which more and more children are having to take. Quality transitions should be well-prepared and child-centred, managed by trained staff collaborating with one another, and guided by an appropriate and aligned curriculum. Transitions like these enhance the likelihood that the positive impacts of early learning and care will last through primary school and beyond. While transition policies have been on the agenda of many countries over the past decade, little research has been done into how OECD countries design, implement, manage and monitor transitions. Filling these gaps is important for designing early years’ policies that are coherent, equitable and sustainable.
This report takes stock of and compares the situation across 30 OECD and partner countries, drawing on in-depth country reports and a questionnaire on transition policies and practices. It focuses on the organisation and governance of transitions; and the policies and strategies to ensure professional, pedagogical and developmental continuity between early childhood education and care settings and schools. The report describes the main policy challenges highlighted by participating countries, along with a wealth of practical strategies for tackling them. The publication concludes with six “cross-cutting” pointers to guide future policy development.
Dream jobs? - Teenagers' career aspirations and the future of workEduSkills OECD
Every day, teenagers make important decisions that are relevant to their future. The time and energy they dedicate to learning and the fields of study where they place their greatest efforts profoundly shape the opportunities they will have throughout their lives. A key source of motivation for students to study hard is to realise their dreams for work and life. Those dreams and aspirations, in turn, do not just depend on students’ talents, but they can be hugely influenced by the personal background of students and their families as well as by the depth and breadth of their knowledge about the world of work. In a nutshell, students cannot be what they cannot see. With young people staying in education longer than ever and the labour market automating with unprecedented speed, students need help to make sense of the world of work. In 2018, the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), the world’s largest dataset on young people’s educational experiences, collected firstof- its kind data on this, making it possible to explore how much the career dreams of young people have changed over the past 20 years, how closely they are related to actual labour demand, and how closely aspirations are shaped by social background and gender.
National Skills Strategy Slovenia - Launch of the Diagnostic ReportEduSkills OECD
Building the right skills can help countries improve economic prosperity and social cohesion, by contributing to social outcomes such as health, civil and social engagement, by supporting improvement in productivity and growth and by supporting high levels of employment in good quality jobs.
Slides from OECD & NEA webinar Are education policies doing enough to enhance...EduSkills OECD
Slides from OECD & NEA webinar Are education policies doing enough to enhance career paths of women in STEM and nuclear science 23 June 2023 presented by Marta Encinas-Martin, Senior Advisor Global Relations and OECD Education Gender Ambassador followed by Fiona Rayment, Chief Science and Technology Officer, National Nuclear Laboratory (United Kingdom)
The OECD is examining how the two global mega-trends of population ageing and rising inequalities have been developing and interacting, both within and across generations. This work, and specifically a new report “Preventing Ageing Unequally” (to be released on 18 October), will take a life-course perspective, showing how inequalities in education, health, employment and income interact, and can result in large lifetime disparities across different groups. This discussion will focus on a policy agenda for more inclusive ageing to prevent, mitigate and cope with inequalities and ensure a better retirement for all, with policies coordinated across family, education, employment, social ministries and agencies.
Luxembourg is an advanced economy with the highest per capita income in the OECD, reflecting the dynamic services sector, notably in banking and other financial services.
PowerPoint by Ms. Gabriela Ramos, OECD Chief of Staff, G20 Sherpa, and Special Counsellor to the Secretary-General, Skills Summit 2018, Porto.
SSESSION 1: UNDERSTAND – Risks and opportunities in a digital world: the changing landscape of skills needs
Objective: Build a common understanding of how the digital revolution transforms economies and societies, how the skills that people need in everyday life and in the workplace are changing, and which groups of the population are most at risk of being left behind
Education at a Glance - OECD Indicators 2018EduSkills OECD
Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators is the authoritative source for information on the state of education around the world. It provides data on the structure, finances and performance of education systems in the 35 OECD and a number of partner countries. With more than 100 charts and tables, Education at a Glance 2018 imparts key information on the output of educational institutions, the impact of learning across countries, and worldwide access, participation and progression in education. It also investigates the financial resources invested in education, as well as teachers, the learning environment and the organisation of schools.
The 2018 edition presents a new focus on equity in education, investigating how progress through education and the associated learning and labour market outcomes are impacted by dimensions such as gender, the educational attainment of parents, immigrant background, and regional location. The publication introduces a chapter dedicated to Target 4.5 of Sustainable Development Goal 4 on equity in education, providing an assessment of where OECD and partner countries stand in providing equal access to quality education at all levels. Finally, new indicators are introduced on equity in entry to and graduation from tertiary education, and the levels of decision-making in education systems. New data are also available on the statutory and actual salaries of school heads, as well as trend data on expenditure on early childhood education and care and the enrolment of children in all registered early childhood education and care settings.
More data are available on the OECD educational database.
Anna Ludwinek, the hidden potential of Europe’s economically inactiveNUI Galway
Ms Anna Ludwinek, Eurofound, The hidden potential of Europe’s economically inactive presented at the 6th Annual NERI Labour Market Conference in association with the Whitaker Institute, NUI Galway, 22nd May, 2018.
Employment and labour market during and after covid 19 pandemicLatvijas Banka
Introductory report to the Meeting of the Education, Science and Culture Committee of the Baltic Assembly “Employment and labour market during and after Covid-19 pandemic” by Oļegs Krasnopjorovs, economist, Latvijas Banka
An updated introduction to the PaRIS project, why it matters, how it works, its timeline, and the key issues it addresses. Contact us at paris_survey@oecd.org to learn more.
Une sélection d'indicateurs clés provenant de la publication "Panorama de la santé 2019 : Les indicateurs de l'OCDE", parue le 20 décembre 2019. Plus d'informations sur http://www.oecd.org/fr/sante/panorama-de-la-sante.htm.
Health in the 21st Century - Putting Data to Work for Stronger Health Systems.
This report explores how data and digital technology can help achieve policy objectives and drive positive transformation in the health sector while managing new risks such as privacy, equity and implementation costs. It examines the following topics: improving service delivery models; empowering people to take an active role in their health and their care; improving public health; managing biomedical technologies; enabling better collaboration across borders; and improving health system governance and stewardship. It also examines how health workforces should be equipped to make the most of digital technology. The report contains findings from surveys of OECD countries and shares a range of examples that illustrate the potential benefits as well as challenges of the digital transformation in the health sector. Findings and recommendations are relevant for policymakers, health care providers, payers, industry as well as patients, citizens and civil society.
A selection of key indicators from "Health at a Glance 2019: OECD Indicators", released on November 7, 2019. More info at http://www.oecd.org/health/health-at-a-glance.htm.
A broken social elevator? How to promote social mobility.
Presentation by Stefano Scarpetta, Director for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs, OECD
Webinar 15 June 2018.
This OECD report, launched on January 10, 2017, systematically reviews strategies put in place by countries to limit ineffective spending and waste. Further information: http://www.oecd.org/health/health-systems/tackling-wasteful-spending-on-health-9789264266414-en.htm.
Le rapport Health at a Glance: Europe 2016 présente les dernières tendances relatives à la santé et
aux systèmes de santé dans les 28 États membres de l’UE, cinq pays candidats et trois pays de
l’Association européenne de libre‑échange. Cette publication est le fruit d’une collaboration renforcée
entre l'OCDE et la Commission européenne pour améliorer les connaissances sur les défis en matière de
santé à la fois au plan national et à l’échelle de l’UE dans son ensemble, dans le cadre de la nouvelle
stratégie de la Commission sur l’état de santé dans l’UE (voir http://ec.europa.eu/health/state ).
This fourth edition of Health at a Glance: Europe presents key indicators of health and health systems in the 28 EU countries, 5 candidate countries to the EU and 3 EFTA countries. This 2016 edition contains two main new features: two thematic chapters analyse the links between population health and labour market outcomes, and the important challenge of strengthening primary care systems in European countries; and a new chapter on the resilience, efficiency and sustainability of health systems in Europe, in order to align the content of this publication more closely with the 2014 European Commission Communication on effective, accessible and resilient health systems. This publication is the result of a renewed collaboration between the OECD and the European Commission under the broader "State of Health in the EU" initiative, designed to support EU member states in their evidence-based policy making.
This presentation by Morris Kleiner (University of Minnesota), was made during the discussion “Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations” held at the Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 10 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/crps.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
0x01 - Newton's Third Law: Static vs. Dynamic AbusersOWASP Beja
f you offer a service on the web, odds are that someone will abuse it. Be it an API, a SaaS, a PaaS, or even a static website, someone somewhere will try to figure out a way to use it to their own needs. In this talk we'll compare measures that are effective against static attackers and how to battle a dynamic attacker who adapts to your counter-measures.
About the Speaker
===============
Diogo Sousa, Engineering Manager @ Canonical
An opinionated individual with an interest in cryptography and its intersection with secure software development.
This presentation, created by Syed Faiz ul Hassan, explores the profound influence of media on public perception and behavior. It delves into the evolution of media from oral traditions to modern digital and social media platforms. Key topics include the role of media in information propagation, socialization, crisis awareness, globalization, and education. The presentation also examines media influence through agenda setting, propaganda, and manipulative techniques used by advertisers and marketers. Furthermore, it highlights the impact of surveillance enabled by media technologies on personal behavior and preferences. Through this comprehensive overview, the presentation aims to shed light on how media shapes collective consciousness and public opinion.
Acorn Recovery: Restore IT infra within minutesIP ServerOne
Introducing Acorn Recovery as a Service, a simple, fast, and secure managed disaster recovery (DRaaS) by IP ServerOne. A DR solution that helps restore your IT infra within minutes.
Sharpen existing tools or get a new toolbox? Contemporary cluster initiatives...Orkestra
UIIN Conference, Madrid, 27-29 May 2024
James Wilson, Orkestra and Deusto Business School
Emily Wise, Lund University
Madeline Smith, The Glasgow School of Art
Have you ever wondered how search works while visiting an e-commerce site, internal website, or searching through other types of online resources? Look no further than this informative session on the ways that taxonomies help end-users navigate the internet! Hear from taxonomists and other information professionals who have first-hand experience creating and working with taxonomies that aid in navigation, search, and discovery across a range of disciplines.
María Carolina Martínez - eCommerce Day Colombia 2024
Building inclusive labour markets in kazakhstan
1. Building Inclusive Labour Markets
in Kazakhstan
A Focus on Youth, Older Workers, and People with Disabilities
Stefano Scarpetta,
Director for Employment, Labour, and Social Affairs
Astana, July 13th 2017
2. 1. The Key Labour Market Challenges
2. Investing in Kazakhstani Youth
3. Working longer with age: Strengthening the Labour
Market Outcomes of Older Workers
4. Breaking Down Labour Market Barriers for People with
Disabilities
Outline of the presentation
2
4. Kazakhstan is doing well with regards to job quantity
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Italy
Turkey
Greece
Belgium
France
Poland
Slovenia
Portugal
Czech…
Spain
Japan
Slovak…
Mexico
Chile
Hungary
OECD…
Luxembourg
Latvia
Ireland
Germany
Austria
Denmark
Korea
UnitedStates
United…
Israel
Netherlands
Australia
Canada
Finland
Switzerland
NewZealand
Estonia
Norway
Sweden
Iceland
India
SouthAfrica
Brazil
Indonesia
Russian…
China
Tajikistan
Uzbekistan
Pakistan
Afghanistan
Kyrgyzstan
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Inactivity rate
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Iceland
Norway
Sweden
Switzerland
Estonia
NewZealand
Canada
Australia
Israel
Korea
Netherlands
Finland
UnitedKingdom
UnitedStates
Denmark
Japan
Germany
Austria
Mexico
CzechRepublic
Luxembourg
Chile
OECDcountries
Hungary
Ireland
Latvia
SlovakRepublic
Slovenia
Poland
Portugal
France
Belgium
Spain
Turkey
Italy
Greece
China
RussianFederation
Indonesia
Brazil
India
SouthAfrica
Kazakhstan
Azerbaijan
Kyrgyzstan
Afghanistan
Pakistan
Uzbekistan
Tajikistan
Employment rate
BRIICSOECD Central Asia
4
Source: OECD calculations based on the labour force survey; OECD stat database; ILO database.
5. But informality and self-employment are hampering job quality
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
India
Indonesia
Mexico
Colombia
Turkey
SouthAfrica
Argentina
CostaRica
Brazil
Kazakhstan
UrbanChina
Chile
Russia
Share of workers who are informal or self-
employed
Informal Self-employed
%
What does informality and self-employment entail?
… No protection by labour contracts
… Little training or career advancement
… Poor social security protection
... Lower wages
0
5
10
15
20
25
Less
than 20
20 to 40 40 to 60 60 to 80 80 to
100
100 to
150
Over 150
%
Share of employees by income
(in thousand KZT)
Self-employed and
informal employees
Formal employees
20% of self-employed and
informal employees earn less
than the Minimum Wage
5Source: OECD calculations based on the labour force survey; OECD (2016), Employment Outlook; OECD (2016), Multi-Dimensional Review of Kazakhstan.
6. Some groups are lagging behind: #1 disadvantaged youth
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Men
Women
Primaryorbelow
Secondary
Tertiary
Akmola
Aktobe
Almaty
Almatycity
Astanacity
Atyrau
EastKazakhstan
Karaganda
Kostanay
Kyzylorda
Mangystau
NorthKazakhstan
Pavlodar
SouthKazakhstan
WestKazakhstan
Jambyl
Gender Education Region
Youth NEET rates by socio-demographic
characteristics
Percentage of youth (ages 15-29)
6Source: OECD calculations based on the Labour Force Survey
7. Activity status of older people
Some groups are lagging behind: #2 older workers
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
50 55 60 65 70
Men
Inactive & not in education Unemployed
Informal Self-employed
Employed Education or training
50 55 60 65 70
Women
Inactive & not in education Unemployed
Informal Self-employed
Employed Education or training
Retirementage=58
Retirementage=63
7
Source: OECD calculations based on the Labour Force Survey
8. Some groups are lagging behind: #3 people with disabilities
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Sweden
Germany
Denmark
Luxembourg
Finland
France
Netherlands
Austria
Slovakia
Slovenia
Estonia
OECD-EU
UnitedKingdom
Italy
Portugal
CzechRepublic
Belgium
Poland
Spain
Hungary
Greece
Kazakhstan
% Employment rate of people with disabilities
Source: Agency of Statistics of the RK; Eurostat. 8
10. 10
Youth: Key recommendations
Strengthening the role of Public Employment Services
Investing further in Active Labour Market Policies
Providing more adequate income support
Investing in the skills of youth
Reshaping family policies
11. Strengthening the role of the Public Employment Service
67%
9%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Belgium
Finland
France
Spain
Portugal
Slovenia
Denmark
Germany
Poland
OECD-Europe
Iceland
Luxembourg
Sweden
Hungary
Greece
Switzerland
Austria
Italy
Estonia
Netherlands
UnitedKingdom
Kazakhstan
Registration with PES
Percentage of youth unemployed
Source: OECD calculations based on the information received by the Ministry of Healthcare
and Social Development of RK.
Poor
targeting:
70% have
VET or
university
Why is registration low ?
Many jobseekers doubt PES
can help
Low generosity of benefits
Registration does not entail
access to certain benefits
Vacancy bank has few and
low-quality job openings
12. Investing further in Active Labour Market Policies
0.27
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
Denmark
Sweden
Finland
Ireland
Hungary
France
Luxembourg
Austria
Netherlands
Spain
Belgium
Portugal
Switzerland
Norway
Poland
Germany
Italy
Slovenia
Korea
Kazakhstan
Greece
CzechRepublic
NewZealand
SlovackRepublic
Israel
Canada
Estonia
Japan
UnitedStates
Australia
Chile
UnitedKingdom
Mexico
OECD average = 0.4
Expenditures on ALMPs (% of GDP)
What additional
challenges ?
Impact evaluation
studies are lacking
Weak targeting
to people most in need
Funding skewed
towards poorest regions
4.3
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Hungary
France
Italy
Portugal
Spain
Belgium
Austria
OECD-Europe
Luxembourg
Germany
Ireland
Slovakia
Finland
Sweden
Kazakhstan
Denmark
Poland
Slovenia
Greece
Norway
Netherlands
Estonia
<25 Total
% Participation in ALMPs (% of labour force)
Source: OECD calculations based on the information received by the Ministry of Healthcare
and Social Development of RK; OECD stat.
OECD average = 9.8
13. Providing more adequate income support
64 %
10.5 months
31%
6 months
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0
20
40
60
80
100
Belgium
Israel
Slovenia
Denmark
Luxem…
Spain
Iceland
Nether…
Portugal
Switze…
Italy
Japan
France
Hungary
Norway
Czech…
Canada
OECD
Sweden
Slovak…
United…
Finland
Germany
Chile
Austria
Korea
Estonia
Turkey
Ireland
Poland
Greece
New…
Kazak…
Australia
United…
Months
Percentage of
previous net
earnings
Net replacement rate (NRR)
Maximum benefit duration (right-side scale)
Unemployment Benefits
Other income support ?
Severance pay
(only 1 monthly wage)
Unemployment
assistance
(inexistent)
Source: OECD calculations based on the information received by the Ministry of
Healthcare and Social Development of RK; OECD Tax and Benefit database.
8 %
0
10
20
30
40
50
Netherlands
Iceland
Ireland
Luxembourg
Denmark
Belgium
Japan
Spain
Austria
NewZealand
Australia
France
Israel
Slovenia
Portugal
Germany
Finland
Switzerland
Canada
Korea
United…
Poland
Norway
Sweden
Czech…
Slovak…
Hungary
Estonia
Latvia
Kazakhstan
UnitedStates
Chile
%
OECD average = 25.9 %
Social Assistance Benefits
Net income value in % of median incomes
Ineffective take-up:
poorest regions have the lowest coverage
Rush it to
poorly-
matched,
subsistence-
level jobs?
Coverage: 2 % of
unemployed youth
14. Investing in the skills of youth
Key labour market indicators for youth (15-28) by level of education
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Labour force participation rate Employment-to-population ratio Unemployment rate (right-side
scale)
Basic secondary education General secondary education
Secondary vocational education Higher education
Source: ILO (2015), Jobs and Skills for Youth: Review of Policies for Youth Employment of Kazakhstan, International Labour Organization.
15. Reshaping family policies
Encouraging fathers to take child-related leave
o There is no leave for exclusive use of fathers
o No financial incentives for fathers to take parental leave (women earn 68% of men’s
wages)
Facilitating access to good-quality childcare
o Only 8.5% of children 0-2 enrol in childcare (OECD 33%)
o Regional and wealth disparities: long waiting lists; private care 2/3 times as
expensive
Strengthening the income support available to parents
o Family cash benefits are inadequate (low generosity; not adjusted by n. children; no
benefits for sole parents)
o Red tape (many families who are entitled do not apply)
16. 3. WORKING LONGER WITH AGE:
STRENGTHENING THE LABOUR
MARKET OUTCOMES OF
OLDER WORKERS
16
17. 17
Older Workers: Key Recommendations
Strengthening the employability of older
workers
Making work rewarding for older workers
older workers
Encouraging employers to hire and retain older
workers
18. Ensure that lifelong learning policies encourage continuous
upgrading of skills over the working life
18
Strengthening the employability of older workers
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
EastAsia&Pacific
OECD
LatinAmerica&Caribbean
HighincomenonOECD
AllCountries
EasternEurope&Central…
Sub-SaharanAfrica
SouthAsia
MiddleEast&NorthAfrica
China(2012)
RussianFederation(2012)
Brazil(2009)
SouthAfrica(2007)
India(2014)
Kazakhstan(2013)
Indonesia(2009)
Ireland(2005)
Sweden(2014)
Chile(2010)
CzechRepublic(2013)
Spain(2005)
Mexico(2010)
SlovakRepublic(2013)
Slovenia(2013)
Germany(2005)
Estonia(2013)
Poland(2013)
Portugal(2005)
Turkey(2013)
Greece(2005)
Israel(2013)
Hungary(2013)
Percent of firms offering formal training
OECDBRIICS and
Kazakhstan
World region
Source: World Bank Entreprise Survey.
19. (1) Ensure that adequate old-age pensions are provided to the elderly
Making work rewarding for older workers (1)
63
44.9
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
IND(58)
TUR(65)
NLD(67)
AUT(65)
HUN(65)
PRT(66)
ESP(65)
LUX(60)
ARG(65)
RUS(60)
SVK(67)
CHN(60)
ITA(67)
ISL(67)
BRA(55)
ISR(67)
FRA(63)
DNK(67)
SAU(45)
CZE(68)
SWE(65)
FIN(65)
OECD34
BEL(65)
NOR(67)
EST(65)
AUS(67)
SVN(60)
GRC(62)
POL(67)
DEU(65)
CHE(65)
KOR(65)
KAZ(63)
USA(67)
NZL(65)
CAN(67)
IRL(68)
JPN(65)
GBR(68)
CHL(65)
MEX(65)
IDN(55)
ZAF(60)
Net replacement rates at retirement age, projections 2057
19Note: data refer to people previously earning average wages.
Source: OECD calculations based on the OECD Pension Models.
Low life
expectancy
Underdeveloped
financial services
Informality
Misinformation
Coverage is low
Why
20. (2) Enhance incentives to work beyond retirement age for those
still able to work
Making work rewarding for older workers (2)
Only 13% of pensioners work, 50% of them do so informally. Why
1. Few possibilities to work part-time (after retirement, only 5% of
dependent employees work part-time).
2. Partial or deferred withdrawal is not possible by law.
3. Kazakhstani Pension System provides weak financial incentives to
work past retirement.
21. Continue efforts to better align wages to productivity and qualifications, rather
than seniority
Change employers’ perceptions of older workers and address discrimination in
employment on the basis of age
Continue efforts to ease employment protection legislation around older
workers, but combine them with adequate income support and activation
measures
Encouraging employers to hire and retain older
workers
21
22. 4. BREAKING DOWN LABOUR
MARKET BARRIERS FOR
PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES
(PWD)
22
23. 23
People with Disabilities: Key Recommendations
Averting old stereotypes and strengthening anti-
discrimination law
Supporting activation-oriented assessments of
PWD
Making more effective use of employment quotas
24. Averting old stereotypes and strengthening
anti-discrimination law
24
Promote a “people first” language
o Legislation on disability policy often uses the word “invalid”, rather than
“person with disability”
o Differentiations by categories of clients (such as, “the blind”; “the deaf”) still
existent
Ensure that decisions based on the ground of disability be taken following a
concerted approach
o Firm can discriminate on the ground of disability (when there is a need to protect (i) the health
of the PWD (ii) and/or the safety of others).
o Burden of the proof is on the employers.
25. Supporting activation-oriented assessments of
People with Disabilities
Assess work capacity, not disability:
o IRP remains strongly focused on the medical diagnosis
o 3/5 members of the Medical and Social Expert (MSE) committee are doctors – the other are
clerical staff
o Few PWD receive the social and vocational assessment
Treat each claim for a disability benefit as a request for rehabilitation:
o There is too little focus on the Individual Rehabilitation Plan (IRP)
o Only ¼ of PWD have access to an IRP
o 1/2 are not even aware of its existence
Consider introducing some flexibility in the system of re-assessments at fixed time
intervals:
o Most PWD (95%) are confirmed as disabled after re-assessment
o MSE Committees are understaffed
o Evaluation procedures tend to be a “box ticking” exercise
26. Key challenge:
Only 1/3 of quota jobs are filled by PWD
Why?
o Quota jobs used to keep existing workers with emerging health problems
o Firms struggle to find PWD with the right qualifications
o Burdensome adjustment costs (e.g. accommodation costs; lawsuits)
Possible areas for improvements:
o Fix quotas realistically in each geographic area/region
o Give priority to people with most severe disability
o Impose levies (rather than fines)
Making more effective use of employment quotas
26