The document discusses different structural framing systems that provide lateral force resistance including braced frames, shear walls, and moment resisting frames. Braced frames use vertical trusses or bracing to resist lateral forces. Shear walls are designed to resist forces parallel to the wall plane, commonly using wood or steel sheathing. Moment resisting frames use rigid beam-column connections and joints to transfer lateral loads through bending of the frame members. Special moment resisting frames are specially detailed for ductile behavior during seismic events.
information on types of beams, different methods to calculate beam stress, design for shear, analysis for SRB flexure, design for flexure, Design procedure for doubly reinforced beam,
information on types of beams, different methods to calculate beam stress, design for shear, analysis for SRB flexure, design for flexure, Design procedure for doubly reinforced beam,
Designing a Cold-Formed Steel Beam Using AS4600:2018 and 2005 - WebinarClearCalcs
Recording: https://vimeo.com/318370452
Cold-formed and light gauge steel are rapidly growing in use across residential and commercial projects thanks to their cost-effective and customisable nature.
In this presentation, ClearCalcs engineer Brooks Smith discusses what makes CFS unique, how to design a cold-formed beam to the newly released AS4600:2018, and key differences between the older 2005 version of the standard - most notably the new preference for the use of the Direct Strength Method over the Effective Width Method.
The lecture is in support of:
(1) The Design of Building Structures (Vol.1, Vol. 2), rev. ed., PDF eBook by Wolfgang Schueller, 2016: chapter 4.
(2) Building Support Structures, Analysis and Design with SAP2000 Software, 2nd ed., eBook by Wolfgang Schueller: chapter 13.
Designing a Cold-Formed Steel Beam Using AS4600:2018 and 2005 - WebinarClearCalcs
Recording: https://vimeo.com/318370452
Cold-formed and light gauge steel are rapidly growing in use across residential and commercial projects thanks to their cost-effective and customisable nature.
In this presentation, ClearCalcs engineer Brooks Smith discusses what makes CFS unique, how to design a cold-formed beam to the newly released AS4600:2018, and key differences between the older 2005 version of the standard - most notably the new preference for the use of the Direct Strength Method over the Effective Width Method.
The lecture is in support of:
(1) The Design of Building Structures (Vol.1, Vol. 2), rev. ed., PDF eBook by Wolfgang Schueller, 2016: chapter 4.
(2) Building Support Structures, Analysis and Design with SAP2000 Software, 2nd ed., eBook by Wolfgang Schueller: chapter 13.
Classification of Frames , building construction, fixed end rigid frame structure and pin ended rigid frame structure, What are the Types of Frame Structures?
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2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
2. Building frame system
A structural system with an essentially complete
space frame providing support for vertical loads.
Seismic lateral force resistance is provided by
shear walls or braced frames.
3. Braced frame
An essentially vertical truss, or its equivalent, of the concentric or
eccentric type that is provided in a building frame system or dual
system to resist lateral forces.
The braced framing is generally used for the development of metal
and wooden buildings.
Beams and columns are estimated under the vertical loads, assuming
that the bracing system helps all lateral loads.
It relies on the bracing system to move the lateral system to
the foundation: horizontal and vertical bracing methods are used.
4.
5. Advantages of Braced Frame structure:
Due to bracing, lateral story displacement, story drift, axial force
and bending moment in columns reduces to a notable level.
The braced frames resist the wind and seismic forces more than the
non-braced buildings.
It is cost-effective, easy to erect and flexible to design to get required
strength and stiffness.
Disadvantages of braced frame structure:
Altitude-dependent changes in seismic region.
The length of the span is usually restricted to 40 feet when
reinforced.
Construction of these frames requires skilled labor.
6. SHEAR WALL
A wall designed to resist lateral forces parallel to the plane of the
wall.
Shear wall is a structural member in a reinforced concrete framed
structure to resist lateral forces such as wind forces. Shear walls
are generally used in high-rise buildings subject to lateral wind and
seismic forces.
7.
8. Types of shear walls
1) Wooden framing with vertical studs and sheathing. This is the
most common form of shear wall in US buildings. The wood frame
with vertical studs alone is subject to deformation and collapse,
and so the frame is covered in sheathing, typically plywood or
oriented strand board (OSB). This assures that it remains rigid
even under lateral pressure.
2) Steel. For larger buildings, these shear walls consist of steel
sheets rather than plywood.
3) Diagonal braces. Whether made of steel or another material, a
diagonal brace within a frame provides even more support.
4) Moment frames. These are rigid, rectilinear structures that
function as shear walls but allow you to install a window or door in
them. The cost of materials and labor to construct them make this
an expensive option.
9. Moment Resisting Frame System
The Moment-resisting
frame is a rectilinear
assemblage of beams and
columns, in which the
beams are rigidly
attached to the
columns. Resistance to
lateral forces is
provided mainly by
rigid frame action by
the development of
bending moment and
shear force in the
10. Types of moment resisting frame:
Reinforced concrete Connection:
It is unique moment frames used as part of seismic force-resisting systems that are designed to
resist earthquakes.
Beams, columns, and their joints are proportional to the moment frame provided to resist the
flexural, axial, and shearing actions as a result of building construction through multiple
displacement cycles during strong earthquakes.
Particular proportions and expansion requirements result in a frame capable to withstanding
strong earthquakes without significant loss of stiffness or strength.
Moment Resisting Connection:
In moment resisting frames, the structural members are joined together using rigid joints, so that
the moment-opposing framework relies on the joints to transfer the lateral load to the foundation.
Both braced frame and moment-resisting frame perform the same functions that are resisting
lateral loads and provide stability, but different mechanisms are used in each system.
11.
12. Difference between an Ordinary Moment Resistant Frame and
Special Moment Resisting Frame:
Ordinary Moment-Resisting Frame (OMRF)
A frame not meeting special detailing requirements for ductile behavior.
These provide the least resistance to lateral motion and so are only recommended for
zero/low seismic regions. Intermediate Moment Resisting Frame (IMRF).
A frame designed in accordance with section 412 (concrete-diaphragm).
IMFs are the next level up, designed to resist limited in elastic deformations as the result
of lateral forces.
Special Moment-Resisting Frames (SMRF).
A bending moment is a measure of bending effect that can occur when an external force
is applied to a structural element.
moment resisting frame specially detailed to provide ductile behavior.
