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Building Energy Efficiency in Virgin Islands
This document discusses building energy efficiency and lowering fossil fuel consumption. It provides information on how much power different appliances and systems use, as well as strategies to reduce energy consumption through daylighting, water and insulation improvements, and switching to more efficient HVAC and lighting systems. Variable refrigerant flow HVAC systems and LED lighting are highlighted as more efficient options. The document emphasizes the importance of monitoring energy use to reduce waste and lower costs over the lifetime of buildings and equipment.
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Building Energy Efficiency in Virgin Islands
- 1. Building Energy EfficiencyLoweringfossil fuels consumptionMiguel Quinones – Program Specialist – Virgin Islands Energy Office
- 2. Grocery shopping analogyHowmuch would you spend on groceries if you only got the bill at the end of the month?How much energy do you use?2Kwh per month?Kwh per day?
- 3. Who knows what’stheir WAPA bill breakdown?RESIDENTIAL COMMERCIAL3
- 4. Who is usingall that power? 4It depends on your habits!
- 5. How much powerdoes each use?Consumption: Energy use over time, ie. 100 watts x 10 hours = 1000 wh or 1 kwh5
- 6. Energy Star andConsortium for Energy EfficiencyConsumption: Energy use over time, ie. 100 watts x 10 hours = 1000 wh or 1 kwh6
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- 8.
- 9. With or withoutAC? Natural Ventilation vs. Air Conditioning9
- 10. Exterior & InteriorInsulationInsulated Concrete Form (ICF)is a system of formwork for concrete that stays in place as permanent building insulation for energy-efficient, cast-in-place, reinforced concrete walls, floors, and roofs.Needs exterior and interior finishing.Resistant to hurricanes, also earthquakes if reinforced.10
- 11. Exterior & InteriorInsulation11Interior InsulationRigid Foam
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- 13. Radiant BarrierR-4 R-5 R-6.5
- 14. InfiltrationInfiltration is theunintentional or accidental introduction of outside air into a building12
- 15. How to preventmold and save money13
- 16. Variable Refrigerant Flow SystemsThey can provide thermal comfort for building occupants. In order of importance:VentilationHumidity ControlCoolingVRF is easier to design and offers space-saving features. Its modular format lends itself to phased installations.Humidity Control – by actively controlling the humidity and temperature at the same time, mold growth can be prevented. Traditional air conditioner systems overcool the spaces in order to remove the humidity.Energy Efficiency – the compressors on these units vary the speed up and down to meet the requirements, keeping the space at constant conditions and preventing duct loss.Zoned Comfort - each individual zone can have personalized comfort.Quiet Operation– many Indoor and outdoor units are very quiet so they can be placed just about anywhere.Lower Lifecycle Cost - operate with minimum energy usage. Only service the zones that need it, which allows for less required maintenance.14
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- 18. Watch it likea hawk16
- 19. What will theprice of barrel of oil in 4 years?17
- 20. Energy Efficiency &Renewable Energy can help18Incandescent light bulb = 40 watts/hour $2 life 20,000 hoursLifecycle costs = $2 x 2.5 + 40watts x $0.42kwhrx 50,000hr1000=$845LED light bulb = 8.7 watts (40 watts equivalent) /hour at $18 life 50,000 hoursLifecycle costs = $18 + 8.7watts x $0.42kwhrx 50,000hr1000=$200.7Renewable energy (solar) = $6 watt installed @ 20% efficiency In order to power 40 watt light bulb @ 20% efficiency 200 watts are necessary = $1200 vs. $261Total costs $1205 vs. $279
- 21. Rent or Own?OwnIfyou plan to keep the home and appliances for just a few years it makes sense to invest.The initial investment is steep, but return on the investment is better than keeping the money in the bank.Some financial incentives are available: rebates, loans, tax credits. The value of the building will also go up.RentWhen entering into a lease, request an energy assessment of the property.When renewing a lease, negotiate with the landlord, it benefits both if the usage is the same.Landlords can set electricity consumption limits for leases with power included.19
Editor's Notes
- #3 If you went shopping for a whole month without paying each time, what would your ticket look like. It is important to know not only how much money is spent but also how is it spent.
- #4 It is important to understand that consumption is NOT the $ amount on the WAPA bill.
- #5 Saying that across the board the one appliance uses more than the other would require some more energy audits and/or surveys to validate the statistics.
- #6 We do know which appliances consume the most so we can change the habits.
- #7 The appliances listed at in the top tier of Energy Star (CEE= consortium of energy efficiency, they break down Energy Star products in different levels depending on their consumption)
- #8 All the possible strategies for daylighting.
- #9 EPA’s Watersense is like Energy Star for energy.
- #10 On the left, natural ventilation, building orientation, overhangs. On the right, if AC is going to be used: reflectivity, insulation, and sealing become a top priority.
- #11 If the building is going to be air conditioned it is important to plan for it.
- #12 Again, for air conditioned buildings, in this case after they are built. Rigid foam: Molded Expanded Polystyrene Foam BoardMolded expanded polystyrene (MEPS) is a closed-cell material that can be molded into many everyday items, such as coffee cups and shipping materials, or into large sheets of foam board insulation. MEPS foam board insulation is commonly known asbeadboard.To make beadboard, loose, unexpanded polystyrene beads containing liquid pentane are mixed with a blowing agent and poured into an enclosed container. The mixture is heated to expand the beads many times their original size. The beads are then injected into a mold. Under more heat and pressure, they expand to become foam blocks, which are shaped as needed.The physical properties of MEPS foam board vary with the type of bead used. It's manufactured at various densities, depending on the application. Beadboard for roofing materials has to be dense enough to walk on without damage; wall insulation foam boards are several times less dense than roof boards. R-values range from 3.8 to 4.4 per inch (2.54 cm) of thickness.MEPS foam board is available with a variety of facings. Since spaces between the foam beads can absorb water, a vapor diffusion retarder is necessary if water transmission through the insulation might become a problem.MEPS foam board also is often used as the insulation for structural insulated panels (SIPs) and insulating concrete forms (ICFs).Extruded Expanded Polystyrene Foam BoardExtruded expanded polystyrene (XEPS) is a closed-cell foam insulation similar to MEPS. To make it, the polystyrene pellets are mixed with various chemicals to liquefy them. A blowing agent is then injected into the mixture, forming gas bubbles. The foaming, thick liquid is then forced through a shaping die. When cooled, the panel is cut as required. Foam densities are typically 1.5 pounds per cubic foot (24 kilograms per cubic meter).XEPS is more expensive than MEPS. Like MEPS, the R-value depends upon the density of the material and is generally about R-5 per inch. It's also much more consistent in density and has a higher compressive strength than MEPS, making it better suited for use on roofs or for wall panels. Extruded polystyrene also has excellent resistance to moisture absorption.Like MEPS, XEPS is available with a variety of facings and is also often used as the insulation for SIPs and ICFs.Polyisocyanurate and Polyurethane Foam BoardPolyisocyanurate or polyiso and polyurethane are very similar, closed-cell foam insulation materials. Because both materials offer high R-values (R 5.6 to R 8) per inch of thickness, you can use a thinner foam board to achieve the required thermal resistance. This can be an advantage if you have space limitations.Polyiso foam board insulation is available in a variety of compressive strengths.Compressive strength refers to the ability of a rigid foam board to resist deformation and maintain its shape when subjected to a force or load. Also, polyiso remains stable over a wide temperature range (-100ºF to +250ºF). This makes it good as roofing insulation. And when used with a laminated aluminum foil facing, polyiso foam board provides an effective moisture or vapor barrier.These foam boards can also be used to make SIPs.
- #13 For air conditioned spaces, louver windows allow the hot and humid air to get into the building. The clear film used to cover the windows in most cases is NOT air tight. Magnetic Inflector screens can be used instead of replacing the window.
- #14 It is important to provide adequate fresh air supply to occupied environments as it promotes good health. The problem is that bring in hot & humid air requires energy so the systems need to be designed accordingly. In the case of outdoor contamination, ie. Hovensa discharge the outdoor dampers can be closed temporarily and recirculate indoor air through filters.
- #15 VRFs work like a car air conditioner, the temperature and ventilation rate changes depending on the condition of the space.
- #16 Control the cable boxes, cell phone chargers, TV’s, game consoles, water heaters, etc.
- #17 The power strip measures the consumption of a few items, it is important to pay attention to the amperage of the item plugged in. The rest of the units allow for whole house energy consumption monitoring. The units with the green glow not only allow for whole house but also for breaker panel legs and provide more detailed monitoring.
- #18 4 years is a normal payback for many retrofits. The idea of the slide is to hedge against the prices of oil.
- #19 This slide emphasizes why it is important to do energy efficiency and not renewable energy only.
- #20 The two approaches: for renters or owners.
- #21 High level VI goals.