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Collaborative Approaches to Solving Public Issues:
Lessons from the Oregon Model
Laurel Singer, Director
National Policy Consensus Center
Portland State University, Oregon
KeyThemes:
1. Powerful drivers call for a new approach to addressing public issues.
2. Collaborative Governance is an approach for the 21st Century that brings
together government with its stakeholders to make decisions and solve
problems.
3. Over 25 years, Oregon has evolved a system t0 promote & support
collaborative governance with significant success.
4. Several key elements helped to make a systemic shift in the face of
skepticism and challenge.
Drivers of Change
The traditional structure of
government:
• Agencies run programs to address
a legislatively-defined need
• A budget is authorized to operate
the program or project
• Managers are accountable to
operate the program within the
prescribed budget and
authorization
http://www.choosemontgomerymd.com/images/photos/iStock_construction.jpg
Driver: Growing Awareness we Face “Wicked” Problems: Highly Complex and
Uncertain, Cross Jurisdictions, & Require Multi-Sector Involvement
Driver:We Live in a “Power-shared”World
• No single agency has the resources and authority to
address significant public issues.
• Decision-making needs to be coordinated across
geographic, organizational boundaries, and
jurisdictions.
• Opposing forces are less likely to accept decisions
they don’t like.
Driver: Court Appeals Create Unstable Solutions-Desire for Durable Solutions
Driver: Environmental Degradation Seen As Government Failure & Pressure
to Address Issues of Sustainability.
Driver: Public Demands Smaller Government and Economic Downturn
Means Less Public Funds.
These Drivers Create Pressure for New Approaches to
Addressing Public Issues for the Realities of the 21st Century
Collaborative Governance Defined:
Approaches to bring together multiple
stakeholders representing various sectors,
often across jurisdictional and/or
organizational boundaries in a structured
process for addressing societal/community
needs.
http://7-themes.com/data_images/out/29/6867908-out-of-focus-wallpaper.jpg
Characteristics of Collaborative Governance
Approaches
• Multi-Sector – Interests Represented
• Inclusive &Transparent
• Consensus Seeking
• Neutral Forum
• Impartial Facilitation
• Leaders serve as Conveners
• Voluntary involvement: one can decide to cooperate or not
The Evolution of the Oregon’s Spectrum for Collaborative Governance
The First Collaborative Program started “Downstream” as an Alternative
Approach to Litigation when Conflict has Occurred
Oregon Consensus
Conflict Resolution
1990
UpstreamDownstream
Used when differences exist to
avoid a worse outcome
Neutral forum essential
Relies on impartial, skilled facilitator
or mediator
Consensus Seeking
Agency leaders and legislators can
serve to set incentives
Conflict Resolution & Agreement Seeking
West Eugene Collaborative
Problem:
Decades of debate and conflict over traffic congestion inWest Eugene,
Eugene City Council votes down a proposedWest Eugene Parkway (2005)
West Eugene Collaborative (WEC)
• OC convened 27 stakeholders
• Met for two years
• Hundreds of hours of volunteer time
• Achieved consensus on recommendations
for transportation, land use, and natural
resources solutions
• Eugene city council voted unanimously to
implement the WEC recommendations.
10 years later, Collaboration Moves “Midstream”
as NewTool for Sustainable, Place-Based Solutions
Oregon Consensus
Conflict Resolution
1990
Oregon Solutions
Project Implementation
2001
UpstreamDownstream
Solution requires integration of resources
from multiple sectors
Leverages convening authority of
Governor who gives special designation &
appoints local conveners
Culminates in a “Declaration of
Cooperation” of participant commitments
Relies on neutral, facilitative project
manager
Collaborative Implementation Of Community Solutions
Co-Conveners: Local CountyCommissioner and Renowned Business Leader
Chose a new site, annexed it into the urban growth boundary in a streamlined process,
and designed & built the nation’s first, public K-12 LEED platinum, net zero building.
Over 22 organizations formally pledged commitments in a Declaration of Cooperation&
Over 125 individuals and organizations provided funding and volunteer services
Raised approximately $40 million in local, state, and federal funds
Rebuilding Vernonia School
Collaboration Moves ‘Upstream” as Way to Proactively Advance Public Goals
Oregon Consensus
Conflict Resolution
1990
Oregon Solutions
Project Implementation
2001
Regional Solutions
Centers for Economic
Development
2011
UpstreamDownstream
Promoting Regional Economic Development & Prosperity
Co-location of multiple state agency in neutral location fosters
intergovernmental coordination and collaboration
Streamline permitting and regulations,
especially when multiple agencies are involved
Governor’s commitment can help leverage resources among the public,
private and civic centers
11 Regional AdvisoryTeams Identify Priorities Supported by 6
Regional Centers
Industrial Lands in Eastern Oregon
Helped the community of Arlington acquire and re-zone a 300-acre site to convert it to
industrial use.
Required a change to the state wide land use policy and plan.
Typically takes 18 months, was achieved in 7 weeks.
The site is expected to create up to 350 new jobs.
New Electronic Engagement Tools Activate & Accumulate Individual Citizen Action
for Collective Action & Impact
OregonConsensus
Conflict Resolution
1990
Oregon Solutions
Project Implementation
2001
Regional Solutions
Economic Development
2011
Oregon KitchenTable for Civic Engagement 2013
UpstreamDownstream
Engaging Oregonians in ImprovingTheir Communities
On-line mechanism to empower Oregonians from every corner of
the state to collectively impact policies and public projects.
Current applications include:
Consultations to Decision Makers
Crowd Funding for Public Projects
Micro-Lending to Individuals
Gateway Green
• Goal for new bicycle park in an undeveloped
section of green space within a low income
neighborhood.
• KitchenTable created an on-line mechanism for
potential users to support the project by
contributing to the cost for developing the park
design plan through a crowd funding campaign.
• The partnership between the Friends of Gateway
Green, Oregon Solutions and Oregon’s Kitchen
Table resulted in 512 Oregonians donating over
$123,000 (out of a $100,000 goal).
Together, these mechanisms form an infrastructure to support collaborative
governance in various ways up and down stream
Oregon Consensus
Conflict Resolution
1990
Oregon Solutions
Project Implementation
2001
Regional Solutions
Economic Development
2011
Oregon KitchenTable for Civic Engagement 2013
UpstreamDownstream
Still evolving & refining as a system: new applications, program
integration & shift toward upstream interventions
What Difference has Collaborative Governance Made In Oregon?
Consider the Response to the Decline Of Spotted Owls & Its Potential Listing
As an Endangered Species (Late 1980’s)
In The Aftermath
• Although logging has declined, the spotted owl population has continued to
dwindle
• Spotted owl now faces competition from the aggressive, non native barred
owl
• Forest health continues to suffer
• Rural communities struggling economically and to retain young people
• Tension and polarization between urban and rural communities continue to
exist
Contrast with the Recent Response to the Declining Sage Grouse Population & Its Potential
Listing As Endangered Species (2013)
Oregon is a Leader of Western States Collaboration and is One Of Several States
To Submit A Completed Prevention Plan To Federal Regulatory Agency
The Greater Sage-Grouse Does Not Require
Protection Under the Endangered speciesAct”
The US Fish andWildlife Department has determined
Protections were considered adequate
“Because of an unprecedented effort by dozens of
partners across the 11Western States,
October, 2015
Between the 1990 listing of the Spotted Owl and the 2015 non-listing of the
Sage Grouse,
What Contributes to
a Systemic Breakthrough?
Lessons from Oregon’s Experience
Key: Desperation and High Stakes
Key: Reasonably Functional Government
Key: Experienced & Empowered Citizenry
Key: Leadership WithVision, Willing Serve as Champions
“You Can’t Use Collaboration to Build the System for Collaboration”
Key: Investments to Seed Programs & Mechanisms for Sustainable Funding
Key:Training for Agency Leaders & Staff, Service Providers, & the Public
Key: Institutional Neutral Forum in which to Locate Services
Key: Engage Leaders - Convening, Advising,Training
Key: Support First Follower’s (Lesson’s from the Dancing GuyYouTube)
Key: Build Early Success through Case Selection to Create Momentum
Key: Accept Skepticism –Participants at Least Willing toTry
Key: Being Persistent– ChangeTakesTime
In Summary:
1.The structure of government, nature of wicked problems & need for
durable, sustainable solutions are drivers for a new approach to addressing
public issues.
2. Collaborative Governance is an approach for the 21st Century that fosters
shared responsibility, collective agreement & action, & leveraging of
resources.
3. Oregon evolved a spectrum of mechanisms t0 promote & support
collaborative governance with significant success.
4. Key to systemic shift is using desperation and legislative stability as a
foundation for leaders to champion a new approach, investments in training
and programing, establishing a neutral forum, assuring early success, and
persist in the face of skepticism and challenge.
ConnectWith Us:
National Policy Consensus
Center
College of Urban and Public
Affairs
506 SW Mill Street, Suite 720
Portland State University
Portland, OR 97201
503-725-9077
Laurels@pdx.edu
www.pdx.edu/npcc/home

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Building a Public System for Collaborative Problem Solving

  • 1. Collaborative Approaches to Solving Public Issues: Lessons from the Oregon Model Laurel Singer, Director National Policy Consensus Center Portland State University, Oregon
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6. KeyThemes: 1. Powerful drivers call for a new approach to addressing public issues. 2. Collaborative Governance is an approach for the 21st Century that brings together government with its stakeholders to make decisions and solve problems. 3. Over 25 years, Oregon has evolved a system t0 promote & support collaborative governance with significant success. 4. Several key elements helped to make a systemic shift in the face of skepticism and challenge.
  • 7. Drivers of Change The traditional structure of government: • Agencies run programs to address a legislatively-defined need • A budget is authorized to operate the program or project • Managers are accountable to operate the program within the prescribed budget and authorization http://www.choosemontgomerymd.com/images/photos/iStock_construction.jpg
  • 8. Driver: Growing Awareness we Face “Wicked” Problems: Highly Complex and Uncertain, Cross Jurisdictions, & Require Multi-Sector Involvement
  • 9. Driver:We Live in a “Power-shared”World • No single agency has the resources and authority to address significant public issues. • Decision-making needs to be coordinated across geographic, organizational boundaries, and jurisdictions. • Opposing forces are less likely to accept decisions they don’t like.
  • 10. Driver: Court Appeals Create Unstable Solutions-Desire for Durable Solutions
  • 11. Driver: Environmental Degradation Seen As Government Failure & Pressure to Address Issues of Sustainability.
  • 12. Driver: Public Demands Smaller Government and Economic Downturn Means Less Public Funds.
  • 13. These Drivers Create Pressure for New Approaches to Addressing Public Issues for the Realities of the 21st Century
  • 14. Collaborative Governance Defined: Approaches to bring together multiple stakeholders representing various sectors, often across jurisdictional and/or organizational boundaries in a structured process for addressing societal/community needs. http://7-themes.com/data_images/out/29/6867908-out-of-focus-wallpaper.jpg
  • 15.
  • 16. Characteristics of Collaborative Governance Approaches • Multi-Sector – Interests Represented • Inclusive &Transparent • Consensus Seeking • Neutral Forum • Impartial Facilitation • Leaders serve as Conveners • Voluntary involvement: one can decide to cooperate or not
  • 17. The Evolution of the Oregon’s Spectrum for Collaborative Governance
  • 18. The First Collaborative Program started “Downstream” as an Alternative Approach to Litigation when Conflict has Occurred Oregon Consensus Conflict Resolution 1990 UpstreamDownstream
  • 19. Used when differences exist to avoid a worse outcome Neutral forum essential Relies on impartial, skilled facilitator or mediator Consensus Seeking Agency leaders and legislators can serve to set incentives Conflict Resolution & Agreement Seeking
  • 20. West Eugene Collaborative Problem: Decades of debate and conflict over traffic congestion inWest Eugene, Eugene City Council votes down a proposedWest Eugene Parkway (2005)
  • 21. West Eugene Collaborative (WEC) • OC convened 27 stakeholders • Met for two years • Hundreds of hours of volunteer time • Achieved consensus on recommendations for transportation, land use, and natural resources solutions • Eugene city council voted unanimously to implement the WEC recommendations.
  • 22. 10 years later, Collaboration Moves “Midstream” as NewTool for Sustainable, Place-Based Solutions Oregon Consensus Conflict Resolution 1990 Oregon Solutions Project Implementation 2001 UpstreamDownstream
  • 23. Solution requires integration of resources from multiple sectors Leverages convening authority of Governor who gives special designation & appoints local conveners Culminates in a “Declaration of Cooperation” of participant commitments Relies on neutral, facilitative project manager Collaborative Implementation Of Community Solutions
  • 24. Co-Conveners: Local CountyCommissioner and Renowned Business Leader Chose a new site, annexed it into the urban growth boundary in a streamlined process, and designed & built the nation’s first, public K-12 LEED platinum, net zero building. Over 22 organizations formally pledged commitments in a Declaration of Cooperation& Over 125 individuals and organizations provided funding and volunteer services Raised approximately $40 million in local, state, and federal funds Rebuilding Vernonia School
  • 25. Collaboration Moves ‘Upstream” as Way to Proactively Advance Public Goals Oregon Consensus Conflict Resolution 1990 Oregon Solutions Project Implementation 2001 Regional Solutions Centers for Economic Development 2011 UpstreamDownstream
  • 26. Promoting Regional Economic Development & Prosperity Co-location of multiple state agency in neutral location fosters intergovernmental coordination and collaboration Streamline permitting and regulations, especially when multiple agencies are involved Governor’s commitment can help leverage resources among the public, private and civic centers
  • 27. 11 Regional AdvisoryTeams Identify Priorities Supported by 6 Regional Centers
  • 28. Industrial Lands in Eastern Oregon Helped the community of Arlington acquire and re-zone a 300-acre site to convert it to industrial use. Required a change to the state wide land use policy and plan. Typically takes 18 months, was achieved in 7 weeks. The site is expected to create up to 350 new jobs.
  • 29. New Electronic Engagement Tools Activate & Accumulate Individual Citizen Action for Collective Action & Impact OregonConsensus Conflict Resolution 1990 Oregon Solutions Project Implementation 2001 Regional Solutions Economic Development 2011 Oregon KitchenTable for Civic Engagement 2013 UpstreamDownstream
  • 30. Engaging Oregonians in ImprovingTheir Communities On-line mechanism to empower Oregonians from every corner of the state to collectively impact policies and public projects. Current applications include: Consultations to Decision Makers Crowd Funding for Public Projects Micro-Lending to Individuals
  • 31. Gateway Green • Goal for new bicycle park in an undeveloped section of green space within a low income neighborhood. • KitchenTable created an on-line mechanism for potential users to support the project by contributing to the cost for developing the park design plan through a crowd funding campaign. • The partnership between the Friends of Gateway Green, Oregon Solutions and Oregon’s Kitchen Table resulted in 512 Oregonians donating over $123,000 (out of a $100,000 goal).
  • 32. Together, these mechanisms form an infrastructure to support collaborative governance in various ways up and down stream Oregon Consensus Conflict Resolution 1990 Oregon Solutions Project Implementation 2001 Regional Solutions Economic Development 2011 Oregon KitchenTable for Civic Engagement 2013 UpstreamDownstream
  • 33. Still evolving & refining as a system: new applications, program integration & shift toward upstream interventions
  • 34. What Difference has Collaborative Governance Made In Oregon?
  • 35. Consider the Response to the Decline Of Spotted Owls & Its Potential Listing As an Endangered Species (Late 1980’s)
  • 36.
  • 37.
  • 38.
  • 39.
  • 40. In The Aftermath • Although logging has declined, the spotted owl population has continued to dwindle • Spotted owl now faces competition from the aggressive, non native barred owl • Forest health continues to suffer • Rural communities struggling economically and to retain young people • Tension and polarization between urban and rural communities continue to exist
  • 41. Contrast with the Recent Response to the Declining Sage Grouse Population & Its Potential Listing As Endangered Species (2013)
  • 42.
  • 43.
  • 44. Oregon is a Leader of Western States Collaboration and is One Of Several States To Submit A Completed Prevention Plan To Federal Regulatory Agency
  • 45. The Greater Sage-Grouse Does Not Require Protection Under the Endangered speciesAct” The US Fish andWildlife Department has determined Protections were considered adequate “Because of an unprecedented effort by dozens of partners across the 11Western States, October, 2015
  • 46. Between the 1990 listing of the Spotted Owl and the 2015 non-listing of the Sage Grouse,
  • 47. What Contributes to a Systemic Breakthrough? Lessons from Oregon’s Experience
  • 48. Key: Desperation and High Stakes
  • 50. Key: Experienced & Empowered Citizenry
  • 51. Key: Leadership WithVision, Willing Serve as Champions “You Can’t Use Collaboration to Build the System for Collaboration”
  • 52. Key: Investments to Seed Programs & Mechanisms for Sustainable Funding
  • 53. Key:Training for Agency Leaders & Staff, Service Providers, & the Public
  • 54. Key: Institutional Neutral Forum in which to Locate Services
  • 55. Key: Engage Leaders - Convening, Advising,Training
  • 56. Key: Support First Follower’s (Lesson’s from the Dancing GuyYouTube)
  • 57. Key: Build Early Success through Case Selection to Create Momentum
  • 58. Key: Accept Skepticism –Participants at Least Willing toTry
  • 59. Key: Being Persistent– ChangeTakesTime
  • 60. In Summary: 1.The structure of government, nature of wicked problems & need for durable, sustainable solutions are drivers for a new approach to addressing public issues. 2. Collaborative Governance is an approach for the 21st Century that fosters shared responsibility, collective agreement & action, & leveraging of resources. 3. Oregon evolved a spectrum of mechanisms t0 promote & support collaborative governance with significant success. 4. Key to systemic shift is using desperation and legislative stability as a foundation for leaders to champion a new approach, investments in training and programing, establishing a neutral forum, assuring early success, and persist in the face of skepticism and challenge.
  • 61. ConnectWith Us: National Policy Consensus Center College of Urban and Public Affairs 506 SW Mill Street, Suite 720 Portland State University Portland, OR 97201 503-725-9077 Laurels@pdx.edu www.pdx.edu/npcc/home

Editor's Notes

  1. Excited for my first visit to your spectacular country. In preparing,