Delivery of drug through buccal mucosa of oral cavity is called BDDS. The buccal mucosa lines the inner cheek
It is placed between the upper gingivae and cheek.
pH-activated and Enzyme-activated drug delivery systemSakshiSharma250807
As per the syllabus of M.Pharma (1st sem.) I have presented the topic pH-activated and Enzyme-activated. This comes under rate-controlled drug delivery system under the subject Drug delivery system. Best wishes from Sakshi Sharma
Transdermal Drug Delivery System (TDDS) is the one of the novel technology to deliver the molecules through the skin for long period of time.
Transdermal Drug Delivery System (TDDS) are defined as self contained, discrete dosage forms which are also known as “patches” 2, 3 when patches are applied to the intact skin, deliver the drug through the skin at a controlled rate to the systemic circulation
‘Targeted drug delivery system is a special form of drug delivery system where the medicament is selectively targeted or delivered only to its site of action or absorption and not to the non-target organs or tissues or cells.’
formulation and evaluation of delivery system of protein and peptide.pptxKishor Singha
the presention gives idea about various formulation and evaluation of various delivery system based on the delivery routes for protein and peptide drug delivery in the body.
pH-activated and Enzyme-activated drug delivery systemSakshiSharma250807
As per the syllabus of M.Pharma (1st sem.) I have presented the topic pH-activated and Enzyme-activated. This comes under rate-controlled drug delivery system under the subject Drug delivery system. Best wishes from Sakshi Sharma
Transdermal Drug Delivery System (TDDS) is the one of the novel technology to deliver the molecules through the skin for long period of time.
Transdermal Drug Delivery System (TDDS) are defined as self contained, discrete dosage forms which are also known as “patches” 2, 3 when patches are applied to the intact skin, deliver the drug through the skin at a controlled rate to the systemic circulation
‘Targeted drug delivery system is a special form of drug delivery system where the medicament is selectively targeted or delivered only to its site of action or absorption and not to the non-target organs or tissues or cells.’
formulation and evaluation of delivery system of protein and peptide.pptxKishor Singha
the presention gives idea about various formulation and evaluation of various delivery system based on the delivery routes for protein and peptide drug delivery in the body.
Buccal drug delivery system is part of mucoadhesive drug delivery system and their principal and formulation ,mechanisam of adhesion to mucosa ,use of polymers in BDDS and permiability enhancers and evaluation parameters of buccal tablets and patchs
Avoid first pass effect,
UNIT V
Mucoadhesive Delivery Systems:
Mechanism of bioadhesion, mucoadhesive materials, formulation and evaluation of Buccal and Nasal drug delivery systems.
Mucoadhesive drug delivery system has gained interest among pharmaceutical scientists as a means of promoting dosage form residence time as well as improving intimacy of contact with various absorptive membranes of the bio- logical system
Mucosal Drug Delivery Systems: Targeting Medication Through Mucous Membranes
Mucosal drug delivery systems (MDDS) offer a unique approach to medication administration by delivering drugs directly to mucosal membranes. These membranes line various body cavities, such as the mouth, nose, lungs, eyes, vagina, and gastrointestinal tract. By bypassing the traditional oral route and its associated challenges, MDDS can offer several advantages:
Benefits:
Rapid onset of action: Drugs quickly access the bloodstream through the thin mucosal membranes, leading to a faster therapeutic effect compared to oral medications.
Improved bioavailability: Avoiding first-pass metabolism in the liver can significantly increase the amount of drug available to the body.
Enhanced patient compliance: Non-invasive routes like nasal or buccal delivery can be more comfortable and convenient than injections or tablets.
Targeted delivery: Specific formulations can target diseases affecting specific mucosal membranes, reducing systemic exposure and potential side effects.
Potential for controlled release: Sustained release formulations can maintain therapeutic drug levels for longer periods.
Different types of MDDS:
Buccal: Films, tablets, or patches adhere to the inner cheek for local or systemic delivery.
Sublingual: Tablets placed under the tongue dissolve rapidly for systemic absorption.
Nasal: Sprays, drops, or gels deliver drugs directly to the nasal cavity for respiratory or systemic effects.
Ocular: Drops, inserts, or films provide sustained or targeted delivery to the eye.
Vaginal: Rings, creams, or tablets deliver medication locally or systemically through the vaginal mucosa.
Pulmonary: Inhaled aerosols or solutions deposit drugs in the lungs for respiratory conditions.
Rectal: Suppositories or enemas release medication locally or systemically through the rectal mucosa.
Challenges and considerations:
Mucosal barriers: Mucus and tight junctions within the membranes can limit drug penetration.
Formulation challenges: Designing formulations that adhere to mucosal membranes, release drugs effectively, and are stable can be complex.
Potential for irritation: Some formulations can irritate sensitive mucosal tissues.
Limited drug suitability: Not all drugs are suitable for MDDS due to factors like size, stability, and absorption properties.
Future of MDDS:
Advances in bio adhesive materials, drug targeting strategies, and controlled release technologies are expected to expand the capabilities and applications of MDDS. Personalized medicine approaches using tailored mucosal formulations hold promise for further optimizing treatment efficacy and patient comfort.
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Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
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The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
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1. P R E S E N T E D B Y
J . S A M A T H A
B . C H A I T H A N Y A
BUCCAL DRUG DELIVERY
SYSTEM
2. Contents
Introduction
Advantages
Disadvantages
Structure of oral mucosa
Anatomy and physiology of oral mucosa
Routes of drug transport
Formulation of BDDS
Theories of mucoadhesion
Mechanism of mucoadhesion
Factors affecting buccal absorbtion
Evaluation
conclusion
3. Introduction
What is BDDS?
Delivery of drug through buccal mucosa of oral cavity
is called BDDS. The buccal mucosa lines the inner
cheek
It is placed between the upper gingivae and cheek
Treat local and systemic conditions
An ideal dosage regimen in the drug therapy of any
disease
4. Advantages
Termination of therapy is possible
Permits localization of drug to the oral cavity for
extended period of time
Ease of administration
Avoids first pass metabolism
Reduction in dose can be achieved selective use of
therapeutic agents like peptides, proteins and
ionised species can be achieved.
5. Drugs which are unstable in acidic environment of
stomach or destroyed by the alkaline environment
of the intestine can be given by this route
Administration of drugs with poor bioavailability
It follows passive diffusion
Dissolution of drug is easy unlike in case of rectal
and transdermal route.
administration of drugs with short half life
Prolongation of contact time with mucosa.
Flexibility in shifting the position of the drug in
buccal cavity.
6. Disadvantages
Over hydration
Eating and drinking may be restricted
By mistake tablet can be swallowed
Saliva takes some drug into the git
Only drug with small dose requirement can be
administered
Drugs which irritate mucosa or have bitter or
unpleasant taste or an obnoxious odour cannot be
administered by this route
Drugs which are unstable ay buccal pH cannot be
administered by this route
Only those drugs which are adsorbed by passive
diffusion can be administered by this route
7. Mechanism of bioadhesion
The bioadhesion mainly depends upon nature of
bioadhesive polymer.
First stage involves an intimate contact between
abioadhesive and a membrane.
Second stage involves penetration of the bioadhesive
into tissue.
Drug released
bypasses first pass metabolism
Enters systemic circulation.
9. Anatomy and physiology of oral mucosa
The oral cavity is lined by thick dense and multilayered
mucous membrane of highly vascularized nature.
Drug penetrating into the membrane pass through net of
capillaries and arteries and reaches the systemic
circulation.
There are mainly three functional zones of oral mucosa:
Masticatory mucosa
Mucous secreting region
Specialized mucosa
10. Oral mucosa
Mucous membrane : that are
linings of endodermal origin
covered in epithelium which
are involved in absorption and
secretion.
They line various body
cavities that are exposed to
the external environment and
internal organs. It is at several
places continuous with skin-
at nostrils, lips, ears, etc..
The sticky thick fluid secreted
by the mucous membrane is
termed as mucus
11. Functions of mucus
Protective: particularly from its hydrophobicity
Barrier: in tissue absorption of the drugs and
influence bioavailability
Adhesion: mucus has strong cohesion properties
Lubrication: keep mucosal membrane moist.
12. Buccal environment
It has 4 parts and is 500-800nm thick and 150sq cm
Epithelium: 40-50 cell thick and is major barrier for
lipophilic drug. It has initially square shaped cells which
further grows in the elliptical cells which are permeable for
hydrophilic drugs.it may be keratinized or non-keratinized.
Mostly, non-keratinised epithilium is permeable to
drug very easily due to absence of acylceramides and
only small amounts of ceramides. Also they contain
small amounts of neutral but polar lipids
13. Routes of drug transport
2 routes of drug transport
Para cellular
Trans cellular
Para cellular route: primary
route for hydrophilic drugs,
intercellular spaces is the
preferred route
Transcellular route: route for
lipophilic drugs. They passes
through lipid rich plasma
membranes of epithelial cells.
14. Formulation of BDDS-patch/film/adhesive tape
The basic components of buccal drug delivery system-
Drug substance
Bioadhesive polymers
Backing membrane
Permeation enhancers
15. Drug selection
Dose of the drug should be small
Half life between 2- 8 hours
Exhibit first pass effect or presystemic drug
elimination
Absorption should be passive when given orally
Eg: nicotine, nifedipine, propranolol, diclofenac
sodium.
16. Permeability enhancers
Definition: substances added to pharmaceutical
formulation in order to increase the membrane
permeation rate or absorption rate of coadministered
drug.
Eg: by using di and tri-hydroxy bile salts the
permeability of buccal mucosa to fluorescein
isothiocynate increased by 100-200 fold compared to
FITC alone
17. Backing membrane
Ability to attachment of adhesive device to mucus
membrane
Inert in nature and impermeable to the drug
Such impermeable membrane prevent drug loss and
good patient compliances
examples- carbapol, magnesium stearate,
polycarbapol
18. Bioadhesive polymer
Ideal characteristics
Non-toxic, non-irritable, free from leachable
impurities.
Polymer pH should be biocompatible
Quick adherence and sufficient mechanical strength
Acceptable shelf life
Optimum molecular weight
19.
20. Design of buccal dosage form
Matrix type:
The buccal patch designed in a matrix configuration
contains drug, adhesive, and additives mixed
together
Bidirectional patches release drug in both the
mucosa and the mouth
21. Reservoir type:
The buccal patch designed in a reservoir system
contains a cavity for the drug and additives separate
from the adhesive
Impermeable backing is applied to control the
direction of drug delivery to reduce patch
deformation and disintegration and to prevent drug
loss
22. Buccal mucoadhesive dosage forms
Three types based on their geometry
Type 1:
Single layer device with multidirectional release
Significant drug loss due to swallowing
Type 2 :
Impermeable backing layer is superimposed
Preventing drug loss into the oral cavity
Type 3 :
Unidirectional release device, drug loss is minimal
Achieved by coating every phase except contact face
23.
24.
25. Theories of mucoadhesion
Electronic theory
Wetting theory
Adsorption theory
Diffusion theory
Fracture theory
26. 1)Electronic theory
Attractive forces between glycoprotein mucin
network and the bioadhesive material.
2)Fracture theory
Analyses the maximum tensile stress develop during
detachment of the BDDS from material surfaces.
27. 3)Wetting theory
Ability of bio adhesion polymers to spread and develop intimate
contact with the mucous membrane
28. 4)Adsorption theory
Accordind to this theory, the buccoadhesive device adheres to the mucus by
secondary chemical interactions or surface forces , such as vander waals, hydrogen
bonds and hydrophobic interactions
30. Mechanism of mucoadhesion
The mechanism responsible in the formation of
mucoadhesive bond
Step1: wetting and swelling of the polymer (contact
stage)
31. Step 2: interpretation between the polymer chains
and the mucosal membrane
Step 3: formation of bonds between the entangled
chains (both known as consolidation stage)
32.
33. Factors affecting buccal adsorption
Polymer related factors
i. Molecular weight
ii. Concentration of polymer
iii. Flexibilityof polymer chains
iv. Swelling
Physiological factor
i. Mucin turn over
ii. Disease state
34. Environmental factor
i. pH of polymer-substrate inter face
ii. Applied strength
iii. Initial contact time
35. 1.Polymer related factors
Molecular weight:
Atleast 1,00,000 molecular weight
Buccaladhesiveness increses with increasing molecular
weight.
Concentration of polymer:
More concentrated buccoadhesive dispersion retain on
mucus membrane for longer period of time
Flexibility of polymer chains :
As water soluble polymers become cross linked,the
mobility of individual polymer chain decreases .
Swelling:depends on concentration and presence of
water
36. 2. Environment- related factors
pH of polymer- substrate interface:
The pH of the medium is important for the degree of
hydration.
Applied strength:
The adhesion strength increases with the applied
strength.
initial contact time:
Buccoadhesive strength increases as the initial contact
time increases.
37. 3, physiological factors
Mucin turn over:
Important because of two reasons;
To limit the residence time of the buccoadhesives on
the mucus layer
Substantial amounts of soluble mucin molecule
Disease states:
Disease states where the mucosa is damaged would
also be expected to chaange in permeability.
38. EVALUATIONS OF BUCCAL PATCH:
1.Surface pH: Buccal patches are left to swell for
2 hrs on the surface of an agar plate. The surface
pH is measured by means of a pH paper placed on
the surface of the swollen patch
2. Thickness measurements: The thickness of
each film is measured at five different locations
(centre and four corners) using an electronic
digital micrometer
39. 3. Swelling study: Buccal patches are weighed
individually (designated as W1), and placed separately in
2% agar gel plates, incubated at 37°C ± 1°C, and examined
for any physical changes. At regular 1- hr time intervals
until 3 hours, patches are removed from the gel plates and
excess surface water is removed carefully using the filter
paper[46] . The swollen patches are then reweighed (W2)
and the swelling index (SI) is calculated using the following
formula.
SI=W2-W1 × 100
W1
40. 4. Folding endurance: The folding endurance of patches is
determined by repeatedly folding 1 patch at the times without
breaking
5. Thermal analysis study: Thermal analysis study is performed
using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC)
6. Morphological characterization: Morphological characters
are studied by using scanning electron microscope (SEM)
7. Permeation study of buccal patch: The receptor compartment
is filled with phosphate buffer pH 6.8, and the hydrodynamics in
the receptor compartment is maintained by stirring with a
magnetic bead at 50 rpm. Samples are withdrawn at
predetermined time intervals and analyzed for drug content
41. 7. Water absorption capacity test: Circular Patches, with a
surface area of 2.3 cm2 are allowed to swell on the surface of agar
plates prepared in simulated saliva (2.38 gNa2HPO4, 0.19
gKH2PO4, and 8 g NaCl per litter of distilled water adjusted with
phosphoric acid to pH 6.7),and kept in an incubator maintained at
37°C ± 0.5°C. At various time intervals (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4
hours),samples are weighed (wet weight) and then left to dry for 7
days in a desiccators over anhydrous calcium chloride at room
temperature then the final constant weights are recorded. Water
uptake (%) is calculated using the following equation.
Water uptake (%)= (Ww – Wi )/Wf x 100
Where, Ww is the wet weight and Wf is the final weight. Theswelling
of each film is measured
42. 8) Shear force (for various polymers )
The shear test measures the force required to separate
two polymer-coated glass slides joined by a thin film of
natural or synthetic mucus. The results of this
technique often correlate well with in-vivo test results