This document discusses buccal drug delivery and mucoadhesivity. It begins by introducing the buccal mucosa and its advantages for drug delivery such as avoiding first-pass effect. It then discusses mucoadhesive polymers, drug delivery pathways through buccal mucosa, factors affecting buccal drug delivery, and various buccal dosage forms including patches, tablets, films and gels. The document concludes that buccal drug delivery is a promising alternative for systemic delivery of drugs that are inefficient when taken orally.
Penetration enhancers are used to increase the penetration of the drug into the body through the skin and mucus also. These enhancers having different category having special effect on the mucus and skin as well. In this presentation enlighten those points of penetration enhancers which are related to the mucoadhesive drug delivery system. this presentation covers types of penetration enhancers, their mechanism of action, route of penetration and their examples.
This presentation gives a brief overview about buccal drug delivery systems. Though this presentation is not very comprehensive, it touches almost all aspects of the topic and gives the reader a basic and conceptual idea regarding BDDS and familiarizes the viewer with most of its aspects
Penetration enhancers are used to increase the penetration of the drug into the body through the skin and mucus also. These enhancers having different category having special effect on the mucus and skin as well. In this presentation enlighten those points of penetration enhancers which are related to the mucoadhesive drug delivery system. this presentation covers types of penetration enhancers, their mechanism of action, route of penetration and their examples.
This presentation gives a brief overview about buccal drug delivery systems. Though this presentation is not very comprehensive, it touches almost all aspects of the topic and gives the reader a basic and conceptual idea regarding BDDS and familiarizes the viewer with most of its aspects
Delivery of drug through buccal mucosa of oral cavity is called BDDS. The buccal mucosa lines the inner cheek
It is placed between the upper gingivae and cheek.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Gastroretentive Drug Delivery System -> by Mohit kumarMohit Kumar
Contents
INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS GRDDS ?
NEED FOR GRDDS…?
POTENTIAL DRUG CANDIDATES
DRUGS THAT ARE UNSUITABLE FOR GASTRORETENTIVE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS
FACTORS AFFECTING THE GASTRORETENTIVE SYSTEM.
ADVANTAGES OF GRDDS
DISADVANTAGES OF GRDDS
APPROACHES TO EXTEND GI TRANSIT
INTRODUCTION
Oral route has been the most convenient and accepted route of drug delivery.
Gastroretentive drug delivery system is novel drug delivery systems which has an upper hand owing to its ability of prolonged retaining ability in the stomach and thereby increase gastric residence time of drugs and also improves bioavailability of drugs.
WHAT IS GRDDS ?
Gastroretentive drug delivery is an approach to prolong gastric residence time, thereby targeting site-specific drug release in the upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT) for local or systemic effects.
NEED FOR GRDDS…?
Oral drug delivery system, sustained drug delivery systems, these drug delivery systems suffer from mainly two adversities:
Short gastric retention time(GRT) and
Unpredictable short gastric emptying time (GET)
which can result in incomplete drug release from the dosage form in the absorption zone (stomach or upper part of small intestine) leading to diminished efficacy of administered dose.
To formulate a site-specific orally administered controlled release dosage form, it is desirable to achieve a prolong gastric residence time by the drug delivery.
Prolonged gastric retention time (GRT) in the stomach could be advantageous for local action e.g. treatment of peptic ulcer, etc.
POTENTIAL DRUG CANDIDATES FOR GASTRORETENTIVE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS
Drugs that disturb normal colonic microbes e.g. antibiotics against Helicobacter pylori.
Drugs that degrade in the colon. e.g. Ranitidine, Metformin HCl.
Drugs which are absorbed rapidly from the GI tract. e.g. Metronidazole, tetracycline.
Drugs with a narrow window of absorption e.g. Cyclosporine, Methotrexate, Levodopa, etc.
Drugs that are poorly soluble at alkaline pH e.g. Furosemide, Diazepam, Verapamil, etc.
Drugs that are primarily absorbed in the stomach e.g. Amoxicillin.
Drugs acting locally in the stomach(active in stomach) e.g. Antacids and drugs for H. Pylori viz., Misoprostol
DRUGS THAT ARE UNSUITABLE FOR GASTRORETENTIVE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS
Drugs that have very limited acid solubility phenytoin etc.
Drugs that suffer instability in the gastric environment e.g. erythromycin etc.
Drugs intended for selective release in the colon e.g. 5-amino salicylic acid and corticosteroids etc.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE GASTRORETENTIVE SYSTEM.
Density
Size
Shape of dosage form
Single or multiple unit formulation
Fed or unfed state.
Advantages of GRDDS
Increase in bioavailability and curative efficiency of drugs and economic usage of dosage.
Minimised factor of risk in resistance in antibiotics owing to stabilised therapeutic levels over prolonged periods removing fluctuations.
Delivery of drug through buccal mucosa of oral cavity is called BDDS. The buccal mucosa lines the inner cheek
It is placed between the upper gingivae and cheek.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Gastroretentive Drug Delivery System -> by Mohit kumarMohit Kumar
Contents
INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS GRDDS ?
NEED FOR GRDDS…?
POTENTIAL DRUG CANDIDATES
DRUGS THAT ARE UNSUITABLE FOR GASTRORETENTIVE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS
FACTORS AFFECTING THE GASTRORETENTIVE SYSTEM.
ADVANTAGES OF GRDDS
DISADVANTAGES OF GRDDS
APPROACHES TO EXTEND GI TRANSIT
INTRODUCTION
Oral route has been the most convenient and accepted route of drug delivery.
Gastroretentive drug delivery system is novel drug delivery systems which has an upper hand owing to its ability of prolonged retaining ability in the stomach and thereby increase gastric residence time of drugs and also improves bioavailability of drugs.
WHAT IS GRDDS ?
Gastroretentive drug delivery is an approach to prolong gastric residence time, thereby targeting site-specific drug release in the upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT) for local or systemic effects.
NEED FOR GRDDS…?
Oral drug delivery system, sustained drug delivery systems, these drug delivery systems suffer from mainly two adversities:
Short gastric retention time(GRT) and
Unpredictable short gastric emptying time (GET)
which can result in incomplete drug release from the dosage form in the absorption zone (stomach or upper part of small intestine) leading to diminished efficacy of administered dose.
To formulate a site-specific orally administered controlled release dosage form, it is desirable to achieve a prolong gastric residence time by the drug delivery.
Prolonged gastric retention time (GRT) in the stomach could be advantageous for local action e.g. treatment of peptic ulcer, etc.
POTENTIAL DRUG CANDIDATES FOR GASTRORETENTIVE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS
Drugs that disturb normal colonic microbes e.g. antibiotics against Helicobacter pylori.
Drugs that degrade in the colon. e.g. Ranitidine, Metformin HCl.
Drugs which are absorbed rapidly from the GI tract. e.g. Metronidazole, tetracycline.
Drugs with a narrow window of absorption e.g. Cyclosporine, Methotrexate, Levodopa, etc.
Drugs that are poorly soluble at alkaline pH e.g. Furosemide, Diazepam, Verapamil, etc.
Drugs that are primarily absorbed in the stomach e.g. Amoxicillin.
Drugs acting locally in the stomach(active in stomach) e.g. Antacids and drugs for H. Pylori viz., Misoprostol
DRUGS THAT ARE UNSUITABLE FOR GASTRORETENTIVE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS
Drugs that have very limited acid solubility phenytoin etc.
Drugs that suffer instability in the gastric environment e.g. erythromycin etc.
Drugs intended for selective release in the colon e.g. 5-amino salicylic acid and corticosteroids etc.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE GASTRORETENTIVE SYSTEM.
Density
Size
Shape of dosage form
Single or multiple unit formulation
Fed or unfed state.
Advantages of GRDDS
Increase in bioavailability and curative efficiency of drugs and economic usage of dosage.
Minimised factor of risk in resistance in antibiotics owing to stabilised therapeutic levels over prolonged periods removing fluctuations.
Oral drug delivery is one of the most preferred routes for administering medications due to its convenience, patient compliance, and non-invasiveness. Over the years, significant advancements have been made in oral drug delivery systems to enhance drug bioavailability, control release kinetics, and overcome various physiological barriers. This article provides a comprehensive review of the current state of oral drug delivery systems, including their principles, components, and recent advancements. Moreover, it highlights the challenges associated with oral drug delivery and discusses potential future directions for improving therapeutic outcomes.
Nasopulmonary drug delivery system: Introduction to Nasal and Pulmonary routes of drug delivery, Formulation of Inhalers (dry powder and metered dose), nasal sprays, nebulizers
Recently, fast dissolving oral films have started gaining fame and acceptance as new drug delivery systems, which aim to enhance safety and efficacy of a drug molecule to achieve better patient compliance. It is a robust form a drug delivery system where the film is placed on the top or the floor of the tongue. When put on the tongue, this film dissolves instantaneously, releasing the drug which dissolves in the saliva. Buccal drug delivery has lately become an important route of drug administration. But many of the patients paediatrics and geriatrics are unwilling to take solid preparations due to fear of choking. This has made the pharmaceutical industry look for alternatives routes of drug delivery like film drug delivery. Fast dissolving oral drug delivery system have started gaining popularity and acceptance as new drug delivery system, because they are easy to administer, better patient compliance, rapid drug absorption, and sudden onset of drug action with instant bioavailability is possible. This review reflects information regarding formulation ingredient, technologies and evaluation test employed in the preparation of fast dissolving oral films. Mr. Vijay P. Ingle | Prof. Sharad D. Tayade | Dr. Shirish P. Jain "A Review on: Fast Dissolving Oral Film" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43836.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/43836/a-review-on-fast-dissolving-oral-film/mr-vijay-p-ingle
The oral fast-dissolving film is an advanced, patient compliant and novel delivery system. The acceptance of this ingenious dosage form is increasing day by day due to its several comparative advantages of being cost-benefit, rapid dissolving without water aid, as well as greatly compliant to both geriatric and pediatric patients in emergency conditions and specific diseases. Moreover, it is a worthwhile dosage form for the drug experiencing pre-systemic metabolism and lesser bioavailability. This review article covers history, advantages, disadvantages, limitations, ideal properties, classification, formulation consideration, method of manufacturing, quality parameters both in-vitro and in-vivo, advancement in technology, commercial trends and literature review of the previous work for oral fast dissolving films. It can be concluded that it one of the fastest-growing dosage forms holding a lot of potentials especially for commercial use due to its unique characteristics, novel attributes, competitive standing, and cost-adequacy
Basic knowledge related to BUCCAL i.e The oral cavity is an attractive site for drug delivery due to ease of administration and avoidance of possible drug degradation in the gastrointestinal tract and first-pass metabolism.
There are four potential regions for drug delivery in the oral cavity, namely buccal, sublingual, palatal, and gingival.
Buccal drug delivery specifically refers to the delivery of drugs within/through the buccal mucosa to affect local/systemic pharmacological actions.
Oral Dispersible Film is a Novel Drug Delivery System intended to bypass the hepatic first pass metabolism and also many other benefits over the conventional oral dosage forms. It provides the user to administer the drug without the use of water and without ant expertise in administration.
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Buccal dds suraj seminar2
1. RAJGAD DNYANPEETH COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, BHOR, PUNE
(412206)
Presented by :
Pund Suraj Babanrao
M. Pharm 1st Year (Pharmaceutics)
R.D’s, college of Pharmacy, Bhor, Pune
2. INTRODUCTION
The Buccal mucosa lines the inner cheek
Placed between the upper gingivae and cheek
Treat local and systemic conditions
Typically large, hydrophilic and unstable proteins, oligonucleotides
and polysaccharides
3. An ideal dosage regimen in the drug
therapy of any disease is the one, which
immediately attains the desired
therapeutic concentration of drug in
plasma (or at the site of action) and
maintains it constant for the entire
duration of treatment
4. ADVANTAGES
Avoids first pass effect
Abundance of blood vessel
Less hostile environment than GIT
Ease of administration and termination
Fast cellular recovery
Directly & easily modify microenvironment
Lower intersubject variability as compared to
transdermal patches
5. Contd…
Permeability enhancers
Rapid absorption possible & hence relatively
rapid onset of action
In comparison to TDDS, mucosal surfaces do
not have a stratum corneum thus, the major
barrier layer is absent
6. DISADVANTAGES
Relatively small absorptive surface area (0.01
sq m vs 100 sq m for GIT)
Movement affects mucoadhesive systems
Less permeable than the small intestine
Salivation and swallowing
Taste of the drug
7. BUCCAL MUCOSA: ENVIRONMENT
The cells of the oral epithelia are surrounded by
an intercellular ground substance, mucus
The oral cavity is marked by the presence of
saliva produced by the salivary glands
Mucus which is secreted by the major and minor
salivary glands as part of saliva
8. • Continuous mineralization / demineralization of
the tooth enamel
• Protective fluid for all tissues of the oral cavity
• To hydrate oral mucosal dosage forms
Role of Saliva
• Bioadhesion of mucoadhesive drug delivery
systems
• Made up of proteins and carbohydrates
• Cell-cell adhesion
• Lubrication
Role of Mucus
10. BUCCAL DRUG DELIVERY AND
MUCOADHESIVITY
Mucoadhesion of the device is a key element
The term ‘mucoadhesive’ is commonly used for
materials that bind to the mucin layer of a
biological membrane
Achieve systemic delivery of drugs include
tablets, patches, tapes, films, semisolids and
powders
13. MUCOADHESIVE POLYMERS
GENERAL PHYSIOCHEMICAL FEATURES
Predominantly anionic hydrophilicity with numerous hydrogen
bond-forming groups
Suitable surface property for wetting mucus/mucosal tissue
surfaces and
Sufficient flexibility to penetrate the mucus network or tissue
crevices
15. CONSIDERATION
The drug must resist, or be protected by salivary
and tissue enzymes
The drug and adhesive materials must not
damage the teeth, oral cavity
No keratinolysis, discoloration, and irritation
16. FACTORS AFFECTING DRUG
DELIVERY VIA BUCCAL ROUTE
Hydrophilic macromolecules such as peptides,
absorption enhancers have been used
Smaller molecules greater transport
No ionized forms have greater transport
More lipid soluble higher its permeability
More partition coefficient more permeability
Lipid-soluble drug stores in Obese individuals
17. DESIGN OF BUCCAL DOSAGE FORM
Matrix type: The Buccal patch designed in a matrix configuration
contains drug, adhesive, and additives mixed together
Bi-directional patches release drug in both the mucosa and
the mouth
Drug + Mucoadhesive Matrix
………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………….
18. Contd…
• Reserviour type: The buccal patch designed in a
reservoir system contains a cavity for the drug and
additives separate from the adhesive
Impermeable backing is applied to control the direction of drug
delivery; to reduce patch deformation and disintegration while in
the mouth; and to prevent drug loss
Backing Layer
Drug + Mucoadhesive Matrix
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
19. BUCCAL MUCOADHESIVE DOSAGE FORMS
Three types based on their geometry
Type-l
• single layer device with multidirectional release
• significant drug loss due to swallowing
Type-ll
• impermeable backing layer is superimposed
• preventing drug loss into the oral cavity
Type-lll
• unidirectional release device, drug loss is minimal
• achieved by coating every face except contact face
20.
21. BUCCAL FORMULATION
Buccal tablets
• Most commonly investigated
dosage form for Buccal drug
• Tablets are small, flat, and oval,
with a diameter of approximately
5–8 mm
• Tablets can be applied to different
sites in the oral cavity
• Drawback : lack of physical
flexibility, poor patient
compliance
Buccal patches
• laminates consisting of an
impermeable backing layer, a
drug-containing reservoir layer, a
bioadhesive surface for mucosal
attachment
• similar to those used in
transdermal drug delivery
• Backing layer control the
direction of drug release, prevent
drug loss, minimize deformation
and disintegration
22. Contd…
Buccal films
• Most recently developed dosage
form for Buccal administration
• Preferred over adhesive tablets in
terms of flexibility and comfort
• Flexible, elastic, and soft, yet
adequately strong
• Effective in oral disease
Buccal gels
• Semisolid dosage forms, have the
advantage of easy dispersion
throughout the oral mucosa
• may not be as accurate as from
tablets, patches, or films
• Poor retention of the gels at the
site of application has been
overcome by using bioadhesive
formulations
24. IN VITRO EVALUATION
Percentage increase in weight
Swelling properties of films
Shear stress method
Folding endurance
Diffusion study
Thickness study
27. RECENT & FUTURE OF BDDS
Buccal nitroglycerin, can use for acute therapy for an
anginal attack as well as for chronic prophylaxis
Novel liquid aerosol formulation of insulin
Development of suitable delivery devices, permeation
enhancement, and Buccal delivery of drugs that
undergo a first-pass effect, such as cardiovascular
drugs, analgesics, and peptides
Research yield some successes
Promote further research; more companies
Rest depend on delivery technology
28. CONCLUTION
Buccal drug delivery is a promising area for
systemic delivery of orally inefficient
drugs as well as an attractive alternative
for noninvasive delivery of potent peptide
and perhaps protein drug molecules
29. REFERENCES
Michael J Rathbone, in: Oral Mucosal Drug Delivery
M.S. Wani*, Dr. S.R. Parakh, Dr. M.H. Dehghan, S.A.
Polshettiwar, V.V. Chopade, V.V. Pande, in: Current
Status In Buccal Drug Delivery System: A review
Amir H Shojaei, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta,
Canada T6G 2N8, in: Buccal Mucosa As A Route For
Systemic Drug Delivery: A Review
Yie W. Chien, in: Novel Drug Delivery System
Hitesh R. Patel*, Dr. M.M. Patel, in: Draw Attention
Towards Mucoadhesive Buccal Drug Delivery System
Bio-Images Research Ltd, in: Applications of gamma
scintigraphy in oral drug delivery