This document discusses lubricants, which are substances that reduce friction between moving surfaces. It defines lubricants and describes their composition, functions, types, properties and applications. Lubricants typically contain 90% base oil and less than 10% additives. The key types of lubrication are thick film, thin film, and extreme pressure lubrication. Important lubricant properties include viscosity, flash point, and pour point. Common lubricants are used in the automotive, industrial, aviation and marine industries.
Need of lubricant
Resistance to the motion (Friction) is created when there is relative motion between two surfaces
Introduction
Classification of lubricants
Characteristics of lubricant
Types of lubrication
Function of lubricant
Application of lubricants
Biblography
Need of lubricant
Resistance to the motion (Friction) is created when there is relative motion between two surfaces
Introduction
Classification of lubricants
Characteristics of lubricant
Types of lubrication
Function of lubricant
Application of lubricants
Biblography
To improve the properties of rubber, Charles Good in 1839 compounded the raw rubber with some chemicals and heated to 100 - 140°C. Finally the compounded and vulcanized rubber is draw in the form of sheet by calendaring process.
This presentation contains detailed classification of Lubricants on the basis of raw material, usages and viscosity( Monograde oils and Multigrade oils). This presentation will be more helpful to students and researchers by understanding lubricants in details.
Hey...Guys I am Gaurav Bhagat
In this presentation topic Lubricants,
I Have Covered many Parts...
1. Lubricants and their Examples.
2. Friction and Real life Examples.
3. Lubrication and its Composition.
4. Additives and its Certain Chemicals.
5. Objective of Lubrication.
6. Lubricating Methods.
7. Types of Lubricants.
8. Classification of Lubricants.
9. Properties of Lubricants.
10. Function of Lubricants.
Thankyou guys!!
I Hope its help you !!
14 Types of Corrosion explained in an awesome manner
Update 26 June 2019: I have enabled the Download option and now everyone can download the "Types of corrosions" PPT and reuse the slides :) I wish I have done this earlier.
Follow my blogs at https://www.geekdashboard.com/
Corrosion, types of corrosion, examples and mechanism of Dry or Chemical Corrosion, Oxidation Corrosion, Nature of Oxide layer formed, Pilling - Bedworth rule, Passivity or Passivation
Infomatica, as it stands today, is a manifestation of our values, toil, and dedication towards imparting knowledge to the pupils of the society. Visit us/l http://www.infomaticaacademy.com/
To improve the properties of rubber, Charles Good in 1839 compounded the raw rubber with some chemicals and heated to 100 - 140°C. Finally the compounded and vulcanized rubber is draw in the form of sheet by calendaring process.
This presentation contains detailed classification of Lubricants on the basis of raw material, usages and viscosity( Monograde oils and Multigrade oils). This presentation will be more helpful to students and researchers by understanding lubricants in details.
Hey...Guys I am Gaurav Bhagat
In this presentation topic Lubricants,
I Have Covered many Parts...
1. Lubricants and their Examples.
2. Friction and Real life Examples.
3. Lubrication and its Composition.
4. Additives and its Certain Chemicals.
5. Objective of Lubrication.
6. Lubricating Methods.
7. Types of Lubricants.
8. Classification of Lubricants.
9. Properties of Lubricants.
10. Function of Lubricants.
Thankyou guys!!
I Hope its help you !!
14 Types of Corrosion explained in an awesome manner
Update 26 June 2019: I have enabled the Download option and now everyone can download the "Types of corrosions" PPT and reuse the slides :) I wish I have done this earlier.
Follow my blogs at https://www.geekdashboard.com/
Corrosion, types of corrosion, examples and mechanism of Dry or Chemical Corrosion, Oxidation Corrosion, Nature of Oxide layer formed, Pilling - Bedworth rule, Passivity or Passivation
Infomatica, as it stands today, is a manifestation of our values, toil, and dedication towards imparting knowledge to the pupils of the society. Visit us/l http://www.infomaticaacademy.com/
Acorn Automotive Lubricants_Marketing Communications Plan Dele Ogundahunsi
Abridged copy of Marketing Communications plan for Acorn automotive lubes. To get your downloadable full version (48 slides), go to http://flevy.com/browse/business-document/acorn-automotive-lubricants-marketing-communications-plan-1403
Total Telecom Roadshow Presentation 2014Rob Chambers
Updated Total Telecom portfolio information, including:
- Asia Communication Awards
- Network Management Show
- IPX Summit
- Carriers World
- World Communication Awards
- Future security Summit
As well as briefings, publishing and more.
Properties of Lubricats and Lubrication-Edit.pptxHome
One important reason why lubrication is used in various types of machinery is that it reduces friction and when Friction is reduced, the lifespan of our machinery will increase, and wear will also reduce. Given the above, this presentation, explains the properties of Lube Oil in depth. It also explains how Lube oil can be taken and stored on board a ship. The various checklists to fill in before and after taking the lube oil. Emphasis is also made on the importance and functions of lube oil and do they apply to the overall efficiency of the various machinery onboard.
Rai University provides high quality education for MSc, Law, Mechanical Engineering, BBA, MSc, Computer Science, Microbiology, Hospital Management, Health Management and IT Engineering.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2. DEFINITION: LUBRICANTS
A lubricant is substance (often liquid)
introduced between two moving surfaces to
reduce the friction between them.
Fluid which is introduced in between
moving parts in order to reduce the friction,
generated heat & wear and tear of machine
parts are called Lubricants.
This process of introducing lubricant is called
Lubrication.
4. COMPOSITION
Typically contains 90% base
oil(petroleum-mineral oils) and less
than 10% additives
Non liquid lubricants contains Grease,
powder(dry graphite, Molybdenum
disulphite), Teflon tape used in
plumbing etc.
Those non liquid lubricants provide
lubrication at higher temp.(up to 350
°C)
5. ADDITIVES USED IN
LUBRICANTS
(1) Anti oxidant --- Aromatic
amines,Phenols,Sulphides and phosphates
(2) Corrosion Inhibitor --- Amino salts and salts
of sulphonic acids
(3) Antiwear agents --- Tricresyl phosphate
(4) Foam inhibitors --- Glycerols
6. Functions of Lubricants
It acts as a thermal barrier and reduces friction
and wear and prevents welded joints
Avoids seizure of moving surfaces
Acts as coolant
Acts as a seal and prevents entry of dust,
moisture, & dirt between moving parts
Some lubricants acts as corrosion inhibitors thus
reduce operational cost .
7. A good lubricating oil should
have:
• High boiling point
• Adequate Viscosity
• Low freezing point
• High oxidation resist
• Non Corrosive properties
• Good thermal stability
2
9. • This is also called Hydrodynamic
or fluid film lubrication.
• Two sliding metal surfaces are
separated from each other by a
thick film of fluid ( 1000 A
o
thick).
• The coefficient of friction in such
cases is as low as 0.001 to 0.03
• Lubricants used : Hydrocarbon
Oils.
• Provided in delicate instruments
such as watches, clocks, light
machines like sewing machines,
scientific instruments etc.
10. • This lubrication is also called
Boundary Lubrication.
• Its used for high load conditions.
• Very thin film of the lubricant is
adsorbed on the surface by physical
or chemical forces or both.
• The coefficient of friction is 0.05 to
0.15
• Lubricants used for boundary
lubrication should have high viscosity
index, resistance to heat and
oxidation, good oiliness.
• Examples are Organic oils, Vegetable
oils, Graphite and MoS2, Mineral Oils
etc.
11. • This lubrication is for very high
press/temp/speed sliding surfaces.
• Extreme pressure additives are used
along with the lubricants.
• Chemicals used are compounds of
Cl, S & P.
• These additives form solid surface
films of Cl, S & P.
• High melting point metal
compounds are good lubricants.
• E.g. graphite is used for drawing
wires made up of mild steel.
3
13. TYPES OF LUBRICANTS
Solid lubricants e.g Wax, Talc, Mica,
Molibdenum disulphide
Semi solid lubricants e.g. Grease and Vaseline
Liquid Lubricants e.g. Mineral oils, Vegetable
oils, Animal oils
Synthetic lubricants e.g. Polyglycols, Silicones,
Organic amines, Imines, Amides.
14. FEATURES OF LUBRICANTS
Increase efficiency and reduce wear
Dissolving or transporting foreign particles and
distributing heat
Single largest application is in form of Motor
Oil, protecting internal combustion engines in
motor vehicles and powered equipments
Another approach is to use ball bearings, roller
bearing or air bearings which in turn require
internal lubrication themselves
15. • It’s a measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow.
• Viscosity of the lubricating oil determines its performance
under operating conditions.
• A low viscosity oil is thin and flows easily .
• A high viscosity oil is thick and flows slowly.
• As oil heats up it becomes more
viscous (Becomes thin)
• Too low viscosity of the liquid > Lubricant film cannot be
maintained between the moving surfaces > Excessive wear.
• Too high viscosity of the liquid > Excessive friction.
• Selected Lubricant must be proper viscous.
• Viscosity is usually expressed in centipoise or centistoke.
16. • Iodine number is the number of Gms equivalent of iodine to
amount of ICl absorbed by 100gm of oil.
• Each oil has its specific Iodine Number.
• So Iodine Number determines the extent of contamination of
oil.
• Low Iodine Number is desirable in oils.
Some oils and their Iodine Numbers are given below :
Iodine Number Oil Example
>150 Drying oil Linseed oil, tung oil
100-150 Semidrying oil Castor oil , Soyabean oil
<100 Non-Drying oil Coconut oil, Olive oil
17. • Aniline point is the Min temp at which oil is miscible with equal amt of
aniline
• Aniline Point is a measure of aromatic content of the lubricating oil.
• Low Aniline Point oil have high aromatic content which attacks rubber
seals.
• Higher Aniline point means low %age of hydrocarbons (desirable).
• Thus Aniline Point is used as an indication of possible deterioration of
rubber sealing etc.
Determination of Aniline Point :
Aniline +
sample oil
(equal)
Heated in Test tube
Homogeneous
solution
Cooled
Cloudiness
The temperature at which separation of the two phases (Aniline + oil) takes place
is the Aniline Point.
18. • Emulsification is the property of water to get mixed with water
easily.
• Emulsions can be oil in water emulsion or water in oil emulsion.
• A good lubricating oil should form such an emulsion with water
which breaks easily. This property is called demulsification.
• The time in seconds in which a given volume of oil and water
separates out in distinct layers is called steam demulsification
number.
• A good lubricating oil should have lower demulsification number.
• Quicker the oil separates out from the emulsion formed, better is the
lubricating oil.
• In cutting oils the higher the emulsification number, better the oil is.
This is because the emulsion acts as a coolant as well as a lubricant.
19. • Flash Point is the min temp at which the lubricant vaporizes that ignite for a
moment when tiny flame is brought near.
• Fire Point is the Min temp at which the lubricant’s vapours burn constantly for
5 seconds when tiny flame is brought near.
• If flash point < 140°F = Flammable liquids
And if flash point > 140°F =Combustible liquids.
The flash and fire points are generally determined by using
Pensky-Marten’s apparatus.
•Oil under examination is filled in the oil cup up to the mark
and heated by the air bath by a burner.
•Stirrer is worked b/n tests at a rate of about 1 – 2 rev/sec.
•Heat is applied so as to raise the oil temp by about 5c/min.
•The temp at which distinct flash appeared in side the oil cup
is recorded as flashpoint.
•The heating is continued to record the fire point.
4
20. • Drop Point is the Temperature at
which grease passes from the semi-
solid to the liquid state. So, it
determines the upper temp limit for
the applicability of grease.
Determination :
• Beaker is heated.
• Temperature is raised.
• Grease sample passes from a semi-
solid to a fluid state.
• Temp at which its first drop falls
from the opening is recorded as
drop-point.
5
21. • Cloud Point is the temp at which the lubricant
becomes cloudy or hazy when cooled.
• Pour Point is the temp at which the lubricant just
ceases to flow when cooled.
• Both indicates suitability of lubricant in cold
conditions and thus must be low.
22. • It’s the mgs of KOH required to saponify 1 gm of oil.
• Saponification is hydrolysis of an Easter with KOH to
give alcohol and Na/K salt of acid.
23. USES
Other uses are
for cooking,
biomedical applications on human(lubricants for
artificial joints).
24. APPLICATIONS
Automotive Industry-Engine oil, Automatic
transmission fluid, Gearbox fluid, Break fluids.
Tractor(One lubricant for all systems)
Other motors(2 stroke engine oil)
Industrial(Hydraulic oils, Air compressor oils,
Gas Compressor oils, Gear oils Bearing and
circulating system oils, Refrigerator compressor
oils)
Aviation
Marine
25. REFERENCES
1. www.motosport.com
2. www.umongo.co.za
3. http://www.vidyarthiplus.in/2012/01/engineering-
chemistry1-lubricants.html#
4. www.aimil.com
5. www.machinerylubrication.com
6. A textbook of Engineering Chemistry by Shashi
chawla