1) Three phase power uses three conductors that provide power in alternating phases 120 degrees apart, allowing for constant power delivery. Single phase uses two conductors and power drops to zero three times per cycle.
2) Three phase power is preferable for premises with high power demands like large homes, industries, and offices due to its ability to transmit more power using smaller cables. It is also more efficient for powering motors.
3) Upgrading from single to three phase power involves applying to the electricity provider and both external wiring by the provider and internal wiring by an electrician. Costs depend on the home size and equipment.
Basic Difference Between Wires and CablesDr.Raja R
Basic Difference Between Wires and Cables
What’s the basic difference between Wires and Cables?
List some of the basic differences between Wires and Cables
Different uses of Wire and Cable
Types of Wire and Cable
Different advantages of using Wire and Cable
Interior Wiring types and their applications, factors to be considered while selecting the type
of wiring system, materials required for Interior wiring and their specifications, Code of
Practice for Lighting Installations, method of deciding the number of sub-circuits, calculating
the quantity of wiring materials and accessories for the Interior Wiring, load calculations for
a residential buildings, size of conductors, main switch, sub switches and protective devices.
Draw wiring plan for AEH Installation, concept of horizontal run, vertical rise and vertical
drop. Prepare the schedule of materials for providing lighting and heating circuits and their
estimates. Procedure for converting lighting to AEH installation.
The presentation deals with principles of protecting buildings/structures and and power systems from effects of lightning.It also deals with protecting the power systems from over voltages arising from lightning and switching.
In early days, there was a little demand for electrical energy so that small power stations were built to supply lighting and heating loads. However, the widespread use of electrical energy by modern civilisation has necessitated to produce bulk electrical energy economically and efficiently.
The increased demand of electrical energy can be met by building big power stations at favourable places where fuel (coal or gas) or water energy is available in abundance.
Concept of energy transmission & distribution ZunAib Ali
Downlaod is NOW Allowed (08/06/2016)
for more help: email me at zunaib_91@yahoo.com
Purpose of Electrical Transmission System
Main Parts of Power System
One-Line Diagram of Generating Station
Main Parts of Generating Station
Components of a Transmission Line
Basic Difference Between Wires and CablesDr.Raja R
Basic Difference Between Wires and Cables
What’s the basic difference between Wires and Cables?
List some of the basic differences between Wires and Cables
Different uses of Wire and Cable
Types of Wire and Cable
Different advantages of using Wire and Cable
Interior Wiring types and their applications, factors to be considered while selecting the type
of wiring system, materials required for Interior wiring and their specifications, Code of
Practice for Lighting Installations, method of deciding the number of sub-circuits, calculating
the quantity of wiring materials and accessories for the Interior Wiring, load calculations for
a residential buildings, size of conductors, main switch, sub switches and protective devices.
Draw wiring plan for AEH Installation, concept of horizontal run, vertical rise and vertical
drop. Prepare the schedule of materials for providing lighting and heating circuits and their
estimates. Procedure for converting lighting to AEH installation.
The presentation deals with principles of protecting buildings/structures and and power systems from effects of lightning.It also deals with protecting the power systems from over voltages arising from lightning and switching.
In early days, there was a little demand for electrical energy so that small power stations were built to supply lighting and heating loads. However, the widespread use of electrical energy by modern civilisation has necessitated to produce bulk electrical energy economically and efficiently.
The increased demand of electrical energy can be met by building big power stations at favourable places where fuel (coal or gas) or water energy is available in abundance.
Concept of energy transmission & distribution ZunAib Ali
Downlaod is NOW Allowed (08/06/2016)
for more help: email me at zunaib_91@yahoo.com
Purpose of Electrical Transmission System
Main Parts of Power System
One-Line Diagram of Generating Station
Main Parts of Generating Station
Components of a Transmission Line
Single Phase to Three Phase Converter Devesh Gupta
single phase to three phase converter by using digital converter in which we firstly convert single phase AC input to DC by using Rectifier and then again convert this DC into Three Phase Ac by using 3-Phase Inverter
The wiring is important to every industries and domestic.And how the electrical power comes from transmission line to meter board to our domestic switch board ,switches etc.Here we explain the contents of the domestic wiring and industrial electrification etc.
below shows related documents.
KSRM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ,KADAPA.
_________________________
ELECTRIACAL WIRING IN DOMESTIC AND INDUSTRIES
Contents :
Introduction
1.Electrical power supply wiring.
2.Domestic electric circuits.
3.Domestic wiring .
4.Sub-circuits in domestic wiring.
5.Methods of wiring.
6.Industrial Electrification .
7.Types of installation.
8.Electrical installation for power circuits.
INTRODUCTION :
Electrical wiring is an electrical installation of cabling and associated devices such as switches, distribution boards, sockets and light fittings in a structure. Wiring is subjected to safety standards for design and installation. Allowable wire and cable types and sixes are specified according to the circuit operating voltage and electric current capability, with further restriction on environmental conditions ,such as ambient temperature range, moisture levels, and exposure to sunlight and chemicals .
Associated circuit protection, control and distribution devices within a building’s wiring system are subject to voltage, current and functional specification. It is necessary to select proper type of wiring scheme for the domestic purpose. Thus a network of wires connecting various accessories for distribution of electrical energy from the supplier meter board to the numerous electrical energy consuming devices through controlling and safety devices is known as Electrical wiring.
Electrical power supply wiring
Fig(1):Electrical power transmission from electric pole to energy meter to distribution board
Domestic electric circuits:
1.Electric power is usually generated at places which are far away from the places where it is consumed . At the generating station, the electric power is generated at 11KV volts . This voltage alternates at a frequency of 50HZ.
2.The power is transmitted over a long distance at high voltages to minimize the loss of energy in the transmission.
3.The electric power line enter our house through three wires -namely the live wire, the neutral wire and the earth wire.
4.To avoid confusion we follow a colour code for insulating these wires.
5.The ted wire is the live wire, and the black wire is neutral, the earth wire is given green plastic insulation.
Domestic wiring
1.The live wire has a high potential of 220V whereas the neutral wire has zero potential .Thus the potential difference between the live wire and the neutral wire is 220-0=220V.
2.The earth wire is much thicker in size and is made of copper. One end of it is connected to a copper plate buried deep under the earth. The earth connection is made to the electric meter and then the main switch.
Electrical wiring is an electrical installation of cabling and associated devices such as switches, distribution boards, sockets and light fittings in a structure. Wiring is subjected to safety standards for design and installation. Allowable wire and cable types and sixes are specified according to the circuit operating voltage and electric current capability, with further restriction on environmental conditions ,such as ambient temperature range, moisture levels, and exposure to sunlight and chemicals .
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
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Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
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Bs ii presentation slides
1. Building Services 2
Group Assignment Part 2
Ong Emily Hsiu Ying 0330942
Hoe Pooi Yee 0329054
Lai Phui Kay 0332782
Ng Bee Yee 0328773
Cheah Aun Ni 0329069
2. Diagram of a house with Single Phase Supplies / Wiring
3. Definition of Single Phase Supplies / WIring
● Consist 2 wires ( 1 conductor and 1 neutral ).
● The conductor carries the current and the neutral is the return path of the current
● The neutral wire is connected to earth at the switchboard for protection against
electric shock
● Peaks in voltage at 90⁰ and 270⁰, with a
complete cycle at 360⁰
● Not delivered at a constant rate
● Changes in magnitude and direction usually
change flow in current and voltage about 60
times per second
● Supply the voltage up to 230 Volts
● Most common household power circuit (residential purpose )where load demand
is less
4. Diagram of a simple building with 3 Phase Supplies / Wiring
DK SENZA CONDOMINIUM
5. Definition of 3 Phase Supplies / WIring
● The three phase system consist four wires ( 3 conductors and 1
neutral ).
● A three phase power circuit combines three alternating currents at the same
frequency, each 120 degrees out of phase with each other.
● This produces three separate waves of power, as demonstrated in the diagram
below.
● The power in a single phase supply falls to zero three times per cycle, whereas the
power in a three phase supply never drops to zero.
● Therefore the power delivered in a three phase supply is constant.
15. Have You Ever Experience BLACKOUT Quite
Often?
Have you ever wondered why some of the houses
still have power ?
▷ 3-phase electricity means that electricity is delivered to your house using 3
power lines instead of one.
▷ In the event that one of the power lines stops delivering power , those houses
that has 3 Phase supplies installed may not experienced blackout as the other 2
power lines may not be affected
▷ From this situation , it is shown that 3 Phase supplies makes your house less risk
of a blackout
16. How is 3-phase power delivered to your house?
Electricity is supplied by power generators and delivered via electrical wires in the form of alternating current,
The generated electricity is delivered via power lines (or underground) to your estate, and then stepped down
before it is connected to your house.
The electricity will then pass through these 3 devices:
1) Main Electrical fuse
help to prevent major damages to your home and your neighbourhood caused by huge surges of electricity,
while they also separate incoming electricity into different circuits around your home.
2) Electric meter
measures your electricity usage in the form of kilowatt-hours (kWh). Both the electrical fuses and electric
meter are properties of Tenaga Nasional (TNB) and cannot be tampered with.
3) Distribution board ( fuse box )
where electricity in your home is controlled and distributed, including plug points as well as all the electrical
devices at home. The distribution board belongs to you instead of TNB, and is installed by your own electrician.
17. How much power for 3-phase wiring?
▷ delivers 415 volts
▷ instead of sharing one wire like a single-phase wiring system, each “phase” in a
3-phase wiring system draws its own individual power.
▷ This also means that you’ll get a combination of 3 single-phase power promising
a strong, continuous and smooth flow of AC.
What type of premises is suitable for 3 Phase Supplies ?
▷ larger homes
▷ Industrial
▷ Office or business
greater power requirements and
demands (e.g.: heavy equipment
with large motors and multiple
air-conditioning units).
18. Under what situations a person should consider switching to a
3-phase wiring ?
▷ high electricity usage at home, or more specifically, if your electrical usage
exceeds 50 amps or 10 kW
▷ circuit breaker is constantly tripping because of an overload of your supply
▷ electrical machinery or device that consumes a lot of power
▷ 3 or more air conditioners running at the same time
▷ If your house has multiple plug sockets and water heaters, it’s advisable to
switch to a 3-phase wiring as well to prevent frequent power trips and an
overload of your fuse box
19. However, 3-phase power will NOT solve these
problems:
▷ Your power frequently trips due to lightning
▷ Your power trips when you plug into a specific power point
▷ Your power trips when you switch on a specific appliance
20. Procedure for Upgrading to 3 Phase Supplies
1. Submit an application to Tenaga Nasional.
There are three options:
▷ submit your application online via myTNB service portal
▷ ask a qualified electrical contractor registered with the Energy Commission to submit the application
on your behalf
▷ Kedai Tenaga
2. TNB will then inspect your property to determine whether an upgrade is possible.
To upgrade from a single-phase power supply to a 3-phase power, you will need to apply through Tenaga
Nasional (TNB) as they will be the ones who will send contractors to test and evaluate whether if
upgrading to 3-phase power is a feasible option .
21. 3. Once approved, the actual upgrade involves two parts,
external wiring, and internal wiring.
External wiring : bringing 3-phase power all the way to the
outside of your house, up to the electrical meter ― and are
wholly conducted and done by TNB.
Internal wiring : consists of wiring within your house to
distribute each of the 3 power lines throughout your unit
23. Advantages and Disadvantages of Single Phase Wiring
Advantages Disadvantages
Simple Circuit More conductor material , Transmission
system expensive than three phase
Quick Installation single-phase generator is usually a little
more expensive than a three-phase of the
same power.
Conductor can be lightweight and compact
in size
less efficient for running AC motors than
three phase
25. Advantages and Disadvantages of Three Phase Wiring
Advantages Disadvantages
cost-savings
-efficient with their transferal of electrical
power, capable of powering much more at a
lower cost
-uses less copper than a single-phase system
Whole system shut down if one of
the transformer failure , another 2
transformer of single phase still
functioning
Preferred if application needs very
high power
Maintenance and repair cost higher
smaller section cable is needed to
transport energy
26. We can conclude that three phase has more advantages than single phase
Why three phase more preferable?
-Lower wire cost per watt delivered. At the same current/voltage, a three phase
system requires 50% more conductor area, yet delivers 73% more power.
-Less expensive, more efficient motors, Generally higher power factor than the single
phase
- smaller cable section in three phase allow saving more space
-Size or metal quantity of three phase devices is not having much difference but three
phase have the ability to transmit more power than single phase
-It is easy to adapt a three phase system to power a single phase load. It is very
difficult to adapt a single phase system to power a three phase load.
27. Factors affect cost to upgrade from single
phase to three phase
▷ Number of plug points
▷ Size of your distribution board
▷ Type and number of equipment (airconditioners, ovens,
and water heater )
28. Prices on wiring
External wiring (according to TNB)
▷ RM300 to RM1,250.
▷ The price is determined by your house unit type as well if your
connection cable is underground.
Internal wiring
▷ prices start from RM2,000 and can go up as high as RM10,000.
29. Category A Customer - Housing Development
The standard connection charges for single phase service line supply up to the metering
point for various types of houses are as follows:
TYPE OF HOUSE (CONNECTION CHARGE FOR SINGLE PHASE SUPPLY PER HOUSE )
▷ Detached House(RM 2,240)
▷ Semi-Detached House (RM 2,000)
▷ Terrace House (RM 1,600)
If three phase supply is required the following additional charge will be applicable:
TYPE OF SERVICE (ADDITIONAL CHARGE FOR THREE PHASE SUPPLY)
▷ Overhead Service Line (RM 60 per house)
▷ Underground Service Cable* (RM 48 per metre)
Note : * The service cable will be of size 16 sq. mm 4 core Copper.
30. Category B Customer - Shophouse Development
▷ Each unit-floor will be charged at RM2,000 regardless of single phase or three
phase supply application.
▷ The maximum load allowable for each unit-floor is 10 kVA.
▷ Additional load per unit-floor will be charged at the rate of RM120 per kVA
Category C Customer - Commercial Complex, Industrial Premise And Conversion
Of Shophouse To Single Business Entity
▷ "LT" means low tension voltage at 415 volt (V).
▷ "HT" means high tension voltage at 11 kilovolt (kV).
▷ For LT and/or HT supply, each kVA of load applied for will be charged at
RM300.
▷ For customer who applies for conversion of shop house to single business
entity, the original kVA allocated as in Clause 2.2 above will be deducted from
the applied load if the latter is larger than the former.
31. Meter Fees
Cost of various types of single phase and three phase meters and other
necessary equipment, if included, will be charged at the following rates:
