This document discusses sustainable wastewater treatment. It begins by defining wastewater and its sources. There are then four main stages of treatment: preliminary, primary, secondary, and tertiary. Preliminary treatment screens out solids, primary uses settling and skimming to remove other particles, secondary uses bacteria to break down organic matter, and tertiary can remove remaining impurities. The case study discusses Rio de Janeiro's efforts to treat sewage discharged into Guanabara Bay using the Nereda system, an aerobic granular sludge process. Advantages include producing clean water and methane for energy, while disadvantages include high costs and potential environmental impacts if not properly handled. Proper maintenance is also important for plant
Effluent treatment Plant covers the mechanisms and processes used to treat such waters that have been contaminated in some way by anthropogenic industrial or commercial activities prior to its release into the environment or its re-use.
Effluent treatment plant design, operations and analysis of wastewater, this is describe all that and it also told about the effluent treatment plant manufacturers. It is for both student and industries. If you have any query, contact us. I have 10 plus year experience about effluent treatment plant. So that I share my experience with people. I want to help people with my experience.
Wastewater Treatment: Definition, Process Steps, Design Considerations, Plant Types (With PDF)
Written by Anup Kumar Deyin Civil,Construction,Mechanical,Piping Interface,Process
Wastewater treatment is a process to treat sewage or wastewater to remove suspended solid contaminants and convert them into an effluent that can be discharged back to the environment with acceptable impact. The plants where the wastewater treatment process takes place are popularly known as Wastewater treatment plants, Water resource recovery facilities, or Sewage Treatment Plants. Pollutants present in wastewater can negatively impact the environment and human health. So, these must be removed, broken down, or converted during the treatment process. Typical pollutants that are normally present in wastewater are:
Bacteria, viruses, and disease-causing pathogens.
helminths (intestinal worms and worm-like parasites)
Toxic Chlorine compounds and inorganic chloramines.
Metals possessing toxic effects like mercury, lead, cadmium, chromium, and arsenic.
Decaying organic matter and debris.
oils and greases.
Toxic chemicals like PCBs, PAHs, dioxins, furans, pesticides, phenols, etc.
Some pharmaceutical and personal care products
WASTE water treatment project........ Wastewater treatment is a process used to convert dirty wastewater into an effluent that can be returned to the water cycle with minimum impact on the environment, or directly reused. The latter is called water reclamation because treated wastewater can then be used for other purposes. The treatment process takes place in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), often referred to as a Water Resource Recovery Facility (WRRF) or a sewage treatment plant. Pollutants in municipal wastewater (households and small industries) are removed or broken down.
The treatment of wastewater is part of the overarching field of sanitation. Sanitation also includes the management of human waste and solid waste as well as stormwater (drainage) management.[1] By-products from wastewater treatment plants, such as screenings, grit and sewage sludge may also be treated in a wastewater treatment plant.[2]:Ch.14
Effluent treatment Plant covers the mechanisms and processes used to treat such waters that have been contaminated in some way by anthropogenic industrial or commercial activities prior to its release into the environment or its re-use.
Effluent treatment plant design, operations and analysis of wastewater, this is describe all that and it also told about the effluent treatment plant manufacturers. It is for both student and industries. If you have any query, contact us. I have 10 plus year experience about effluent treatment plant. So that I share my experience with people. I want to help people with my experience.
Wastewater Treatment: Definition, Process Steps, Design Considerations, Plant Types (With PDF)
Written by Anup Kumar Deyin Civil,Construction,Mechanical,Piping Interface,Process
Wastewater treatment is a process to treat sewage or wastewater to remove suspended solid contaminants and convert them into an effluent that can be discharged back to the environment with acceptable impact. The plants where the wastewater treatment process takes place are popularly known as Wastewater treatment plants, Water resource recovery facilities, or Sewage Treatment Plants. Pollutants present in wastewater can negatively impact the environment and human health. So, these must be removed, broken down, or converted during the treatment process. Typical pollutants that are normally present in wastewater are:
Bacteria, viruses, and disease-causing pathogens.
helminths (intestinal worms and worm-like parasites)
Toxic Chlorine compounds and inorganic chloramines.
Metals possessing toxic effects like mercury, lead, cadmium, chromium, and arsenic.
Decaying organic matter and debris.
oils and greases.
Toxic chemicals like PCBs, PAHs, dioxins, furans, pesticides, phenols, etc.
Some pharmaceutical and personal care products
WASTE water treatment project........ Wastewater treatment is a process used to convert dirty wastewater into an effluent that can be returned to the water cycle with minimum impact on the environment, or directly reused. The latter is called water reclamation because treated wastewater can then be used for other purposes. The treatment process takes place in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), often referred to as a Water Resource Recovery Facility (WRRF) or a sewage treatment plant. Pollutants in municipal wastewater (households and small industries) are removed or broken down.
The treatment of wastewater is part of the overarching field of sanitation. Sanitation also includes the management of human waste and solid waste as well as stormwater (drainage) management.[1] By-products from wastewater treatment plants, such as screenings, grit and sewage sludge may also be treated in a wastewater treatment plant.[2]:Ch.14
Waste Water Treatment and Types of Treatment UsedNetsolGroup
Waste Water Treatment Process and Types of treatment Used
Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) / Sewage Treatment Plant to treat your wastewater which can be further reused
netsolwater_sewage treatment plant manufactre
The ETP, STP, demineralization plant, softeners, wastewater treatment plants, drinking water plants etc. the corporate features a huge number of clients list. the most aim of this company is to realize higher customer satisfaction by providing highest quality products and water services.
✓Waste water is a term that is used to describe waste material that includes....
Food scraps
Oil and soaps.
Human wastes.
Industrial wastes.
Sewage waste that is collected from urban areas.
WASTE WATER AND THEIR TREATMENT (PRIMARY, SECONDARY AND TERTIARY)
Details ppt on Effluent Treatment Plant or ETP for M Pharm.
In this Presentation we discuss about defination , design , need , Mechanism and many more important things related to ETP.
Share it with your friends.
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"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
2. introduction
What is
wastewater?
• Originate from
homes, industrial
and factory waste,
commercial or
farming activities,
surface runoff or
storm water
• includes dissolved
contaminants,
suspended solids
and micro-
organisms.
Wastewaters can be
categorized as:
1. Domestic wastewater - used water
discharged from the residential,
commercial and industrial area of a
city and collected though the
sewage system.
2. Industrial wastewater - generated
from industries.
What is sustainable?
• The quality of wastewater not being
harmful to the environment or
depleting natural resources, and
thereby supporting long-term
ecological balance.
Types of wastewater systems:
1. Domestic wastewater system -processes
wastewater from a home, or group of homes.
2. Industrial wastewater system- processes
wastewater from an industrial unit, such as a
factory
What is sustainable
wastewater
treatment?
• Process that coverts
wastewater from its
unusable state into an
effluent that can be
either returned to the
water cycle with
minimal
environmental issues
or reused for another
purpose
3. Wastewater Issues:
1. High concentrations of the contamination
2. Health issues.
3. Salts in wastewater ( nitrates and phosphates )
discharged into natural waters
4. Pollution problems
The scale of wastewater
treatment systems:
1. Individual: serves separate
households, farms or
businesses
2. Cluster: designed so that
treatment of wastes serves
groups of households or
businesses, but not a whole
community
3. Central: usually designed so the
treatment of wastes for an
entire community is managed
at once in one place.
Why is the sustainable wastewater
management very important?
• Water is essential to life.
• To ensure that wastewater treatment procedures are put in
place to avoid problems with contamination, pollution,
spreading disease and poisoning.
• Reduce the level of pollutants in wastewater thus not
harming to human health or to the natural environment
4. process
There are four main
sections that the waste
water will pass through in
order to recycle back to
reusable water:
1. Preliminary Treatment
2. Primary Treatment
3. Secondary Treatment
4. Tertiary Treatment
5.
6. PRELIMINARY TREATMENT:
Preliminary treatment is a screening process that removes a lot of the solid
objects such as sticks, rocks, plastics, garbage, etc. they are collected,
removed from the waste water and disposed in a landfill.
A bar screener is a device with
openings (usually uniform in
size) to remove the floating
materials and suspended
particles.
7. PRIMARY TREATMENT:
After preliminary treatment, wastewater will reach the basin and is allowed to stay for a long period.
Resulting in heavy solids settling down and the much lighter substances such as oil and grease will
float on the surface. Then the chemical coagulant like alum is added here. Now smaller particles
will aggregate and form floc, which settle down easily. This eliminates settled and floating
materials in the primary treatment. Now the secondary treatment can begin. This process removes
about 40-60% of solid waste.
Grit chambers: To remove anything that is
“heavier” than the organic biodegradable
solids in the wastewater such as sand,
gravel & cinder.
Skimming tank: Greasy and oily materials
are removed by using a skimming tank.
Settling tank: Solid waste are allowed to
settle and be removed at the bottom of the
tank.
8. SECONDARY TREATMENT:
Now the wastewater is free from most physical contaminants, but
there are still suspended and biological contaminants. In this
stage biological treatment is used. Aeration tank provides oxygen
which allows the growth of aerobic bacteria. Secondary
treatment removes 85 percent or more of the organic matters in
sewage.
Secondary or biological
treatment is performed in a
tank where air is pumped in. It
contains starved microbes
called activated sludge that
require air to live.
Microorganisms in this aeration
tank use the dissolved and
particulate organic matter as
food, producing more
microorganisms. Therefore,
the waste materials are
converted into microorganisms
which can be collected and
separated from the water in the
secondary clarifier.
In the secondary clarifier, the
collected return activated
sludge are sent back to the
aeration tank and recycled.
9. TERTIARY TREATMENT:
The tertiary treatment specifically removes any component that was not removed in the previous
step. It varies depending on the industry. After this stage usable water is produced. The tertiary
treatment stage has the ability to remove up to 99 percent of the impurities from the wastewater.
This produces effluent water that is close to drinking water quality.
DISINFECTION
The wastewater must be
disinfected, with a
mixture of chlorine and
sodium hypochlorite. The
effluent (treated
wastewater) is later
released into the
environment through the
local waterways.
FILTRATION
Filtration which helps
primarily to remove
residual suspended
matter in wastewater.
Sand filtration is the
usual method that is
used for this purpose.
REMOVAL OF NUTRIENT
CONCENTRATION
Nutrients such Nitrogen and phosphorus
are usually found in high concentrations.
Nitrogen can be removed in the form of
ammonia is first oxidized to form nitrates
and then nitrates to nitrogen gas which is
released to the environment. On the other
hand, phosphorus can be removed
biologically as well by chemical
precipitation with salts of iron, aluminum,
or lime.
11. 1. The 2nd most
populated area in
Brazil
2. Host of the 2016
Summer Olympics
and the 2016
Summer Paralympics
3. Due to the events,
they have to reduce
the raw sewage
spilling into the
Guanabara Bay
which is located in
Southeast Brazil in
the state of Rio de
Janeiro.
1. Level of water
cleanliness is at a
critical point
2. Wastewater are left
untreated and bypass
into the sea.
3. The raw sewage and
garbage can be seen
floating in the water
4. The growth of
bacteria has
increased.
1) Building a new water waste
treatment plant based on a Dutch
technology known as the Nereda
technology
2) Nereda is technique for water
purification, based on a
technological solution which uses
aerobic granular mass.
3) Process treats wastewater by
using aerobic biological action to
purify it before returning clean
water to the environment.
4) The plan included 200km of new
sewage networks, 11 pumping
stations and connections for 25
thousand households.
Problems faced in
Rio:
About Rio de
Janeiro:
Solution to the problem:
12. Biomass in Nereda develops
as fast settling aerobic
granular sludge.
These granules have
excellent settling properties
and therefore Nereda does
not require a separate time-
consuming decant phase
like conventional SBR's.
Further, all the biological
treatment processes take
place simultaneously in the
granules, requiring only one
tank.
1. Named: Deodoro
WwTp- the largest
Nereda plant built so far
anywhere in the world
and the first of its kind in
South America, with a
further five planned in
Brazil.
2. Treat eventually the
wastewater of 480,000
people, the equivalent to
86,400m3 per day.
3. With 10 times the
capacity of the original
plant, the flow of
domestic sewage into
the local rivers and bay
has been massively
reduced.
How does Nereda
works ?
The outcome:
13. • Demand for water is unlimited-important in
our daily routine
• It is predicted that 1 litre of untreated
wastewater can pollute 8 litres of
freshwater
• Therefore ,efficient wastewater
management is important to help remove
harmful waste, microorganism and
chemicals in a water supply
• Fish and wildlife will be protected by the
uncontaminated streams or lake .
• Unwanted event such as storm water can
be prevented
advantages
• During the wastewater
treatment process, the
sludge is collected,
treated by anaerobic
bacteria
• These anaerobic
microorganism carries
out anaerobic process
in the absence of
oxygen
• Methane gas - to
generate electricity
• Reduce the
dependence on non-
renewable energy such
as fossil fuels
• Untreated water that
contain bacteria
,viruses and chemicals
would cause harmful
effect to people that
consume it
• Diseases -dysentery,
typhoid , and cholera.
• Thus ,wastewater
treatment plant is able
to remove 97% of
contaminants in water
• These contaminants
will be filtered to ensure
no bacteria or
pathogens are present.
Energy
Production Preserve & protect natural
environment
Prevention of
diseases
14. • Wastewater treatment system is expensive
• Government will have high expenditure for
installation of wastewater treatment
Up-front planning of wastewater treatment
plant infrastructure which includes planning
concepts, designs, and regulatory
requirements for your project
High labour cost when recruiting
professionals who are well-versed in this
field. They are knowledgeable on method
and procedures to operate the machineries
Regulatory cost in terms of waste disposal.
Prior to discharging any waste, you’ll need
to ensure your facility have approval to
release waste, otherwise you will be fined
disadvantages
• Chemical substances are
important to treat the
wastewater
• If proper measures are not
taken during the disinfection in
chemical unit processes, there
can be too much chlorine in the
water
• If waste product not discharged
or handled effectively, it can
cause environmental impacts
to wildlife in sea
• Thus, government should
involve in research and
development on minimizing
harmful waste product
• Many countries have
poor wastewater
treatment system that
cannot purified the
water sufficiently
• So there might be
presence of
pathogens and
bacteria in water
• Therefore, an
outbreak of water-
borne disease such
as typhoid and
cholera
• In that case , each
household usually
overcome this
problem by installing
a water filter at home
to have cleaner water
Health concern
High Capital cost
Various chemical
substances &
waste product
from process
15. • This applies throughout a treatment plant, both for
maintenance activities and routine operations, and
also unscheduled maintenance tasks.
• At the other end of the scale, an anaerobic digester
can build up sediment in it over time, reactor space
will then be slowly diminished and impact the
performance
• The task of taking the digester offline and removing
the sediment is unpleasant, time-consuming and
costly one.
• Electricity cost is expected to increase over the
years as the number of plot ratio and density of
developments within regional wastewater treatment
plant keeps increasing more than is allowable in
urban areas to connect to the existing sewer line.
possible problems
Incur High Cost
16. • Wastewater treatment systems is one of the
source of greenhouse gas emissions.
• Greenhouse gas emissions contribute to global
warming and climate change.
• Emission of CO2 due to degradation of organic
matters
• Emission of N2O during the process of
nitrification and denitrification
• Emissions of CH4 and N2O from anaerobic
digestion during sludge treatment
• Indirect emissions from sludge treatment
• Usage of electrical power and chemicals during
the operation and maintenance of the treatment
plant and disposal of sludge.
• Production and transportation of construction
materials
Greenhouse GasHuman Health Risk
• Wastewater that are not treated well in the
wastewater treatment system can spread
disease and contaminate drinking water
sources through bacteria viruses and
disease-causing pathogens.
• Pollutants that can be found in wastewater
are chemical contaminants such as
chlorine compounds and toxic metals such
as mercury, lead and cadmium.
• Bacteria, viruses, and parasites (including
worms and protozoans) are hazardous to
humans.
- Pollute beaches
- Contaminate shellfish populations
- Causes restrictions on human recreation
- Drinking water consumption and
shellfish consumption are restricted as
well
17. Using Anaerobic
Biological Treatment to
replace Aerobic Biological
Treatment
• Increase the potential of reduce
the energy demand at a
treatment works
• Uses less energy than aerobic
treatment
• Biogas produced can be used for
Ammonia in wastewater act as a renewable
energy sources
• converted to electricity in an alkaline fuel cell, or decomposed
to provide hydrogen for a non-alkaline fuel cell
• potential at wastewater treatment plants to use the ammonia
as a fuel source to produce electrical energy
future improvements
Using Landfill gas energy
technologies to capture
renewable energy
• process of landfill gas recovery
and use is similar to that of
recovering methane from
anaerobic digesters
• could be applied to water and
wastewater treatment facilities
situated near landfills
SBR stands for sequencing batch reactors. They are a type of activated sludge process for the treatment of wastewater.
Deodoro wastewater treatment plant
exposure to these metals and chemicals may have an impact on human body system
For example, it can cause damage to the nervous system, leading to slowness and behavioral changes/poor concentration.