Basic knowledge electrical subject for Interior Design students

1. ELECTRICAL
NIHARIKA GUPTA
2ND YEAR
INTERIOR DESIGN
WORLD UNIVERSITY OF DESIGN

2. ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS

3. BASIC TERMS

4. • AMPERE- a measure of the flow of electrons passing through a circuit
(amp, A).
• VOLT- the unit of electrical pressure required to push amperage
through the circuit (voltage-V)

5. VOLTAGE- potential difference in charge between 2 points in an
electric field.
OHM- unit of electrical resistance
ALTERNATE CURRENT- electric charge changes direction periodically.
Motors, electric generators etc can be built
DIRECT CURRENT- electric current flowing in one direction.

6. CONDUCTION
Transfer of heat by movement of
electrons within a body
RADIATION
Transmission of energy in the form
of waves or particles through
space or a material medium.
CONVECTION
heat transfer due to the bulk
movement of molecules within
fluids

7. • EVAPORATION- Evaporation is a type of vaporization that occurs on the surface of
a liquid as it changes into the gas phase.

8. What is Electricity ?
Flow of electrons around a circuit.

9. How does electricity reach our homes?

10. PROCESS
• Electricity is made at a generating station by huge generators.
• The current is sent through transformers to increase the voltage to
push the power long distances.
• The electrical charge goes through high-voltage transmission lines
that stretch across the country.
• It reaches a substation, where the voltage is lowered so it can be sent
on smaller power lines.
• It travels through distribution lines to your neighborhood. Smaller
transformers reduce the voltage again to make the power safe to use
in our homes.
• It connects to house and passes through a meter that measures how
much electricity is used.
• Then the electricity goes to the MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker) to
protect from power overload.
• Then electricity travels through the walls to the switches and switch
boards.

11. M.C.B. (MINIATURE CIRCUIT BREAKER)
Meter Room present in every society supplies
electricity further for all apartments to MCB.
Wiring from Meter room to MCB is always
concealed.
MCB gets tripped whenever there is some circuit
problem and avoids the damage of electrical
appliances.
MCB box is usually placed in the passage way to
avoid the messy look of it in the living room of the
apartment.

12. OVERALL CURRENT
• The supplied voltage at home in India is about 230 V . Now the
voltage remains constant and the current depends upon the
appliances. So current can vary according to the load carried by the
appliances.
• Maximum current rating at home is about 5 Ampere for low current
carrying devices like TV, Fan, Computer, etc. But the high current
carrying devices needs a ground so they can ground the fault current
easily if any fault occurs. So a 3 pin socket is necessary for this of
which positive, negative and ground are there. Maximum current
rating is about 15 Ampere which are used in Washing machine, floor
mill , Refrigerator, etc.

13. PHASES
SINGLE PHASE- 2 wire AC power
circuit, power wire and neutral wire.
DOUBLE PHASE- it is considered to be
similar as single phase with high
power.
TRIPLE PHASE- 4 wired AC power
circuit with 3 phase wires and 1
neutral wire.

14. ELECTRICAL SWITCHES
• WALL SWITCHES- hand operated electro-mechanical devices used in
residential and commercial buildings most commonly for lighting
control.
• Also used to control ceiling fans and other electrical outlets.

15. PUSH BUTTON SWITCH
TOGGLE SWITCH
SELECTOR LIGHT SWITCH
PROXIMITY SWITCH
DIMMER LIGHT SWITCH

16. PLUG TYPES
There are currently 15 existing types of socket plugs,
amongst which only 3 are used in India so far.
• Plug type C - contains 2 round pins, not grounded,
used with items carrying 2.5A or less.
• Plug type D - contains 3 round pins in a triangular
pattern supplying 5A and it is grounded. Most
dangerous to use as it doesn’t have the black
insulation covering on the prongs.
• Plug type M - contains 3 round pins, grounded and is
considered as the Power Plug as it is used for higher
current amount of 15A.

17. • ELECTRIC REGULATOR- these have been used
since traditional times and use resistors to
decrease voltage of ceiling fans.
• MOVABLE REGULATOR- these move smoothly
but also causes distortion to the motor of the
fan as it leads to heating up
• STEP TYPE REGULATOR- these regulators have
numbered speed steps which causes least
distortion due to least amount of heating.
ELECTRIC
REGULATOR
MOVABLE
REGULATOR
STEP TYPE
REGULATOR
TYPES OF REGULATORY SWITCHES

18. LIGHTING

19. • AMBIENT LIGHT means the light that is already present in
a scene, before any additional lighting is added. It usually
refers to natural light, either outdoors or coming through
windows etc. It can also mean artificial lights such as
normal room lights.
• TASK LIGHTING refers to increasing illuminance to better
accomplish a specific activity.
• ACCENT LIGHTING focuses light on a particular area or
object. It is often used to highlight art or other artifacts.
AMBIENT
LIGHTING
TASK
LIGHTING
ACCENT
LIGHTING

20. 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500
LED TV
CEILING FAN
DESKTOP
MICROWAVE
REFRIGERATOR
HEATER
A.C.
OVEN
WASHING MACHINE
WATER DISPENSER
DISH WASHER
POWER COMSUMPTION
MAX (WATT) MIN (WATT)

21. H.V.A.C
(HEATING, VENTILATION, AIR
CONDITIONING,
REFRIGERATION)
HEATING and AIR
CONDITIONING
SPLIT SYSTEM
DUCT-FREE SPLIT
SYSTEM
ZONED SYSTEM
HUMIDITY
CONTROL