This document discusses regulatory and contractual aspects of urban mobility systems. It begins by defining an urban mobility system and its key elements, including infrastructure, services, organizations, regulations, and agents. It then examines different decision levels in mobility systems and how introducing a new mode like bus rapid transit can change relationships between agents and objectives. The document outlines different types of organizations in the transport sector, including government agencies, service operators, and economic regulators. It also discusses regulatory frameworks, contractual relationships, and how contracts and performance indicators can be used to drive performance in urban mobility systems.
Webinar: Regulatory organization and contractual relationsBRTCoE
This document discusses urban mobility systems and the introduction of bus rapid transit. It covers the key agents in urban mobility systems, including transport authorities, mobility operators, and policy makers. It also discusses the different decision levels from strategic to tactical to operational. When introducing a new mode like BRT, it can change the roles of each mode/service and the relations between different agents. The document also examines institutions, regulatory frameworks, and contractual relations between agents as important factors that can drive performance in the system.
Specific challenges of stakeholder engagement seen from the experience of ref...OECD Governance
Paper by Florentin Blanc & Giuseppa Ottimofiore, prepared for the 6th Expert Meeting on Measuring Regulatory Performance: Evaluating Stakeholder Engagement in Regulatory Policy, Breakout Session 3, The Hague, 16-18 June 2014. Further information is available at http://www.oecd.org/gov/regulatory-policy/
An inefficient inspections regime imposes direct costs on businesses and can negatively impact investment and growth. Reforming inspections to be more risk-based, coordinated, transparent and reduce administrative burdens can improve the business environment and competitiveness. The World Bank Group has supported inspections reforms in many developing countries through approaches like establishing a legislative framework, increasing transparency, consolidating agencies, and using information technology for planning and communication. However, challenges remain in fully implementing reforms due to issues like fragmented laws, cultural resistance to change, and lack of accurate business data.
The document discusses the implications of emergent interoperability based on a roadmap by FInES. It makes three key points:
1. Interoperating systems are complex systems that self-organize, but the direction of this organization is uncertain.
2. Interoperability, like well-regulated systems, is an emergent property where prediction may become imprecise but still informative, requiring approximate predictions and tolerant regulation.
3. Interoperability creates diverse new types of interactions beyond simple competition/monopoly models, requiring consideration of consequences rather than just forms of interaction through stakeholder engagement.
This document discusses accountability and conduct regimes that have been introduced by various regulators to promote individual accountability in financial institutions. It focuses on the Monetary Authority of Singapore's proposed Guidelines on Individual Accountability and Conduct. The guidelines aim to clearly identify senior managers responsible for core management functions, ensure senior managers are fit and proper for their roles, and establish standards of proper conduct for all employees. The document examines challenges for financial institutions in complying with the guidelines, such as mapping management structures and responsibilities in large, complex organizations operating across multiple jurisdictions. It also discusses ensuring clear ownership of risks across the three lines of defense.
Transaction Cost Theory - Request for Participation in ResearchWilco van Duinkerken
Software vendors often use components of external vendors or open source communities. One way to see how to govern these relationships is by looking at Transaction Cost Economics. In order to help me operationalize Transaction Cost Economics for software vendors I am looking for product software managers that want to participate in my research.
Regulating work and employment: in search of a more comprehensive paradigm NuBizHRMWE
The document discusses the limitations of the traditional paradigm of industrial relations and employment regulation. It argues a new paradigm is needed to address the decline of trade unions, changes in production strategies, and dualism in labor markets. Specifically:
- The traditional model focused on interactions between workers, employers and the state, relying on collective bargaining, but trade union membership and influence have declined.
- It operated at the national and company levels but did not account for multinational corporations or new forms of employment.
- Existing weaknesses, like lack of representation for some groups, were exacerbated by economic and political shifts since the 1970s.
- A new approach is required that considers developments at the margins of the old
Webinar: Regulatory organization and contractual relationsBRTCoE
This document discusses urban mobility systems and the introduction of bus rapid transit. It covers the key agents in urban mobility systems, including transport authorities, mobility operators, and policy makers. It also discusses the different decision levels from strategic to tactical to operational. When introducing a new mode like BRT, it can change the roles of each mode/service and the relations between different agents. The document also examines institutions, regulatory frameworks, and contractual relations between agents as important factors that can drive performance in the system.
Specific challenges of stakeholder engagement seen from the experience of ref...OECD Governance
Paper by Florentin Blanc & Giuseppa Ottimofiore, prepared for the 6th Expert Meeting on Measuring Regulatory Performance: Evaluating Stakeholder Engagement in Regulatory Policy, Breakout Session 3, The Hague, 16-18 June 2014. Further information is available at http://www.oecd.org/gov/regulatory-policy/
An inefficient inspections regime imposes direct costs on businesses and can negatively impact investment and growth. Reforming inspections to be more risk-based, coordinated, transparent and reduce administrative burdens can improve the business environment and competitiveness. The World Bank Group has supported inspections reforms in many developing countries through approaches like establishing a legislative framework, increasing transparency, consolidating agencies, and using information technology for planning and communication. However, challenges remain in fully implementing reforms due to issues like fragmented laws, cultural resistance to change, and lack of accurate business data.
The document discusses the implications of emergent interoperability based on a roadmap by FInES. It makes three key points:
1. Interoperating systems are complex systems that self-organize, but the direction of this organization is uncertain.
2. Interoperability, like well-regulated systems, is an emergent property where prediction may become imprecise but still informative, requiring approximate predictions and tolerant regulation.
3. Interoperability creates diverse new types of interactions beyond simple competition/monopoly models, requiring consideration of consequences rather than just forms of interaction through stakeholder engagement.
This document discusses accountability and conduct regimes that have been introduced by various regulators to promote individual accountability in financial institutions. It focuses on the Monetary Authority of Singapore's proposed Guidelines on Individual Accountability and Conduct. The guidelines aim to clearly identify senior managers responsible for core management functions, ensure senior managers are fit and proper for their roles, and establish standards of proper conduct for all employees. The document examines challenges for financial institutions in complying with the guidelines, such as mapping management structures and responsibilities in large, complex organizations operating across multiple jurisdictions. It also discusses ensuring clear ownership of risks across the three lines of defense.
Transaction Cost Theory - Request for Participation in ResearchWilco van Duinkerken
Software vendors often use components of external vendors or open source communities. One way to see how to govern these relationships is by looking at Transaction Cost Economics. In order to help me operationalize Transaction Cost Economics for software vendors I am looking for product software managers that want to participate in my research.
Regulating work and employment: in search of a more comprehensive paradigm NuBizHRMWE
The document discusses the limitations of the traditional paradigm of industrial relations and employment regulation. It argues a new paradigm is needed to address the decline of trade unions, changes in production strategies, and dualism in labor markets. Specifically:
- The traditional model focused on interactions between workers, employers and the state, relying on collective bargaining, but trade union membership and influence have declined.
- It operated at the national and company levels but did not account for multinational corporations or new forms of employment.
- Existing weaknesses, like lack of representation for some groups, were exacerbated by economic and political shifts since the 1970s.
- A new approach is required that considers developments at the margins of the old
This document discusses principles and strategies for strengthening local governance and citizen participation. It explores concepts like decentralization, good local governance, and citizen-government relationships. It examines factors that influence whether decentralization effectively serves the poor. It also analyzes characteristics of local democratic politics, ways to strengthen accountability and participation, and approaches to community development through local government cooperation.
The document summarizes the key findings and recommendations from the Legal Education and Training Review (LETR) regarding legal education and training in the UK. The LETR sought to enhance the quality, accessibility, and flexibility of legal education and training systems. Its recommendations included a greater emphasis on assuring continuing competence through workplace learning/CPD, needs-led approaches, standardized vocational assessment, and increased flexibility in delivering legal education. Implementing the recommendations will require resources, coordination between stakeholders, and ongoing evaluation to ensure links between education and competence.
The document provides guidance on conducting feasibility studies for broadband network projects. It discusses conducting an educational phase to develop political support, then a feasibility stage to determine viable options. If feasible, the design and implementation stage executes the project. Key areas covered in a feasibility study include services, operations, architecture, finances, and governance. The summary outlines the main components and goals of each project phase.
Note: the results of this discussion are available at: http://www.slideshare.net/marketfacil/systemic-mand-e-synthesis-31jan2013
This is the first version of the paper that we will use to promote debate, reflection and progress around the systemic M&E initiative. The initiative’s main objective is to promote a rethink of how we measure our impacts on market systems and their evolution towards more inclusion, productivity and efficiency (i.e. how do we know that the markets systems we work with are actually going to continue reducing poverty and protecting the environment even after we have left the scene).
The paper is a live document and it is intended to evolve with the conversations that donors, academic researchers, and practitioners working in inclusive market development and finance/microfinance development. Most of these conversations will take place in MaFI, in USAID’s Microlinks (23-25 Oct, 2012) and the SEEP 2012 Annual Conference. Your comments and questions are welcome (please use the comments box here).
The systemic M&E is one of the concrete solutions proposed by the MaFI-festo (http://slidesha.re/mafifesto2) to make international development cooperation more facilitation-friendly, and therefore, more cost-effective.
This document discusses approaches to measuring public sector productivity and performance. It covers two main approaches: improving organizational processes and technology, and implementing performance management systems like the Government Performance and Results Act. It also discusses initiatives by Clinton, Bush, and Obama to reform government and use data/technology to increase transparency, accountability and citizen engagement. While these aimed to improve efficiency, questions remain around balancing priorities like accountability, democracy and equity.
The document discusses the key attributes and objectives of accounting information. It outlines that accounting information should be understandable, decision-useful, relevant, reliable, comparable, and consistent. Specifically, it defines that relevant information must be capable of making a difference, have predictive or feedback value, and be timely. Reliable information must be verifiable, faithfully represented, reasonably free from error and bias. Comparable information enables comparison across companies and time periods, while consistent use of accounting principles enhances usefulness over different reporting periods. The overall goal is to provide useful information to aid in decision making.
Presentation by Vincent Tophoff, Senior Technical Manager, IFAC, at the Contribution of the Comptroller General of Chile to Good Governance in the Public Sector, in Santiago,Chile, January 2015.
The document discusses closed stations, which are restricted access transit stations that allow for pre-payment of fares and separation of passengers, as a way to integrate fares and schedules between transit systems. Closed stations provide benefits like minimal need for fare enforcement, reduced leakage, and easier transfers between routes. They can also help optimize transit schedules and reduce wait times by allowing buses to be held at stations. Examples of closed stations are provided from cities like Curitiba, Brazil and Guayaquil, Ecuador.
The document discusses four cities - Moscow, Melbourne, Bogota, and New York City - and their approaches to connecting sustainable transport and urban development. It describes initiatives and projects in each city, including Melbourne's focus on improving public spaces, Bogota's prioritization of mobility for all, and New York's pilot projects to transform public spaces and encourage alternative transportation.
The document summarizes efforts taken from 2011-2013 to involve local stakeholders in planning pedestrian infrastructure improvements for the MIDC Marol area in Mumbai, India. It describes how the MIDC Marol Industries Association (MMIA) was engaged in documentation, proposal development, and consensus building with the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai and traffic police. Key steps included collecting user data through surveys and interviews, presenting recommendations to MIDC, and gaining approval for the first phase of implementation which helped establish a model for local stakeholder involvement in transportation planning.
Hinduism originated along the Indus River valley between 5500-2600 BCE. It is expressed through a pantheon of gods like Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva and avatars like Rama and Krishna. Central texts include the Vedas, Upanishads, and Bhagavad Gita. Hindus seek to achieve dharma through karma, achieve moksha through various yogas, and worship gods through puja, mantras, and murtis while aiming for the purusharthas of kama, artha, dharma and moksha. The religion is also characterized by concepts like samsara, om, swastika, and ahimsa.
Effective governance is a critically important enabler in achieving “top performer” status. “Governance” is the third topic in a supply chain learning series presented by ScottMadden and Shared Services & Outsourcing Network (SSON). In this session, we focus on the key building blocks of effective supply chain governance models including decision rights, performance metrics, service level agreements, and issue escalation/resolution. In addition, we discuss how to create alignment across an enterprise for a consistent supply chain strategy that clearly differentiates transactional efficiency from higher-value, strategic activities.
The document discusses strategies for achieving "more for less" in public services. It argues that expecting large efficiency savings through initiatives like outsourcing and austerity is unrealistic and often leads to declining outcomes. True improvement requires a holistic approach including co-production with communities, outcomes-based management, cross-sector collaboration, and accepting different risk-cost tradeoffs. Relying only on short-term cost cutting risks undermining long-term quality and sustainability of services.
This document discusses how civil society organizations can collaborate to deliver public services through larger contracts. It explores the benefits of forming consortiums, such as gaining access to larger contracts, providing holistic services, and mitigating risks. The document provides examples of consortium models and offers best practices for collaboration, including establishing clear roles, communications, and subcontracts between members. The overall goal is for non-profits to work together to better serve communities through public sector delivery.
The OECD works to improve regulatory policy and governance through its regulatory policy division. Regulatory policy seeks to change how governments design and deliver regulation to improve outcomes. It focuses on improving regulatory processes upstream in government as well as downstream and outside of government. The OECD's recommendations include having a strategic regulatory policy, oversight bodies, impact assessments, reducing administrative burdens on business, and international cooperation on regulatory issues. Effective regulatory policy requires coordination between different levels of government.
The document discusses ex ante and ex post approaches to regulatory impact assessment. Ex ante approaches involve projecting the effects of a policy change using economic modeling before implementation. Ex post approaches use historical data after a policy's enactment. The document also outlines key elements of ex ante impact assessments, including assessing fiscal, administrative, economic, social, and environmental impacts. Methodologies for ex ante impact assessments include cost-benefit analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, and multi-criteria analysis. Distributional analyses are also important to understand a policy's unintended consequences.
This document discusses principles and strategies for strengthening local governance and citizen participation. It explores concepts like decentralization, good local governance, and citizen-government relationships. It examines factors that influence whether decentralization effectively serves the poor. It also analyzes characteristics of local democratic politics, ways to strengthen accountability and participation, and approaches to community development through local government cooperation.
The document summarizes the key findings and recommendations from the Legal Education and Training Review (LETR) regarding legal education and training in the UK. The LETR sought to enhance the quality, accessibility, and flexibility of legal education and training systems. Its recommendations included a greater emphasis on assuring continuing competence through workplace learning/CPD, needs-led approaches, standardized vocational assessment, and increased flexibility in delivering legal education. Implementing the recommendations will require resources, coordination between stakeholders, and ongoing evaluation to ensure links between education and competence.
The document provides guidance on conducting feasibility studies for broadband network projects. It discusses conducting an educational phase to develop political support, then a feasibility stage to determine viable options. If feasible, the design and implementation stage executes the project. Key areas covered in a feasibility study include services, operations, architecture, finances, and governance. The summary outlines the main components and goals of each project phase.
Note: the results of this discussion are available at: http://www.slideshare.net/marketfacil/systemic-mand-e-synthesis-31jan2013
This is the first version of the paper that we will use to promote debate, reflection and progress around the systemic M&E initiative. The initiative’s main objective is to promote a rethink of how we measure our impacts on market systems and their evolution towards more inclusion, productivity and efficiency (i.e. how do we know that the markets systems we work with are actually going to continue reducing poverty and protecting the environment even after we have left the scene).
The paper is a live document and it is intended to evolve with the conversations that donors, academic researchers, and practitioners working in inclusive market development and finance/microfinance development. Most of these conversations will take place in MaFI, in USAID’s Microlinks (23-25 Oct, 2012) and the SEEP 2012 Annual Conference. Your comments and questions are welcome (please use the comments box here).
The systemic M&E is one of the concrete solutions proposed by the MaFI-festo (http://slidesha.re/mafifesto2) to make international development cooperation more facilitation-friendly, and therefore, more cost-effective.
This document discusses approaches to measuring public sector productivity and performance. It covers two main approaches: improving organizational processes and technology, and implementing performance management systems like the Government Performance and Results Act. It also discusses initiatives by Clinton, Bush, and Obama to reform government and use data/technology to increase transparency, accountability and citizen engagement. While these aimed to improve efficiency, questions remain around balancing priorities like accountability, democracy and equity.
The document discusses the key attributes and objectives of accounting information. It outlines that accounting information should be understandable, decision-useful, relevant, reliable, comparable, and consistent. Specifically, it defines that relevant information must be capable of making a difference, have predictive or feedback value, and be timely. Reliable information must be verifiable, faithfully represented, reasonably free from error and bias. Comparable information enables comparison across companies and time periods, while consistent use of accounting principles enhances usefulness over different reporting periods. The overall goal is to provide useful information to aid in decision making.
Presentation by Vincent Tophoff, Senior Technical Manager, IFAC, at the Contribution of the Comptroller General of Chile to Good Governance in the Public Sector, in Santiago,Chile, January 2015.
The document discusses closed stations, which are restricted access transit stations that allow for pre-payment of fares and separation of passengers, as a way to integrate fares and schedules between transit systems. Closed stations provide benefits like minimal need for fare enforcement, reduced leakage, and easier transfers between routes. They can also help optimize transit schedules and reduce wait times by allowing buses to be held at stations. Examples of closed stations are provided from cities like Curitiba, Brazil and Guayaquil, Ecuador.
The document discusses four cities - Moscow, Melbourne, Bogota, and New York City - and their approaches to connecting sustainable transport and urban development. It describes initiatives and projects in each city, including Melbourne's focus on improving public spaces, Bogota's prioritization of mobility for all, and New York's pilot projects to transform public spaces and encourage alternative transportation.
The document summarizes efforts taken from 2011-2013 to involve local stakeholders in planning pedestrian infrastructure improvements for the MIDC Marol area in Mumbai, India. It describes how the MIDC Marol Industries Association (MMIA) was engaged in documentation, proposal development, and consensus building with the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai and traffic police. Key steps included collecting user data through surveys and interviews, presenting recommendations to MIDC, and gaining approval for the first phase of implementation which helped establish a model for local stakeholder involvement in transportation planning.
Hinduism originated along the Indus River valley between 5500-2600 BCE. It is expressed through a pantheon of gods like Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva and avatars like Rama and Krishna. Central texts include the Vedas, Upanishads, and Bhagavad Gita. Hindus seek to achieve dharma through karma, achieve moksha through various yogas, and worship gods through puja, mantras, and murtis while aiming for the purusharthas of kama, artha, dharma and moksha. The religion is also characterized by concepts like samsara, om, swastika, and ahimsa.
Effective governance is a critically important enabler in achieving “top performer” status. “Governance” is the third topic in a supply chain learning series presented by ScottMadden and Shared Services & Outsourcing Network (SSON). In this session, we focus on the key building blocks of effective supply chain governance models including decision rights, performance metrics, service level agreements, and issue escalation/resolution. In addition, we discuss how to create alignment across an enterprise for a consistent supply chain strategy that clearly differentiates transactional efficiency from higher-value, strategic activities.
The document discusses strategies for achieving "more for less" in public services. It argues that expecting large efficiency savings through initiatives like outsourcing and austerity is unrealistic and often leads to declining outcomes. True improvement requires a holistic approach including co-production with communities, outcomes-based management, cross-sector collaboration, and accepting different risk-cost tradeoffs. Relying only on short-term cost cutting risks undermining long-term quality and sustainability of services.
This document discusses how civil society organizations can collaborate to deliver public services through larger contracts. It explores the benefits of forming consortiums, such as gaining access to larger contracts, providing holistic services, and mitigating risks. The document provides examples of consortium models and offers best practices for collaboration, including establishing clear roles, communications, and subcontracts between members. The overall goal is for non-profits to work together to better serve communities through public sector delivery.
The OECD works to improve regulatory policy and governance through its regulatory policy division. Regulatory policy seeks to change how governments design and deliver regulation to improve outcomes. It focuses on improving regulatory processes upstream in government as well as downstream and outside of government. The OECD's recommendations include having a strategic regulatory policy, oversight bodies, impact assessments, reducing administrative burdens on business, and international cooperation on regulatory issues. Effective regulatory policy requires coordination between different levels of government.
The document discusses ex ante and ex post approaches to regulatory impact assessment. Ex ante approaches involve projecting the effects of a policy change using economic modeling before implementation. Ex post approaches use historical data after a policy's enactment. The document also outlines key elements of ex ante impact assessments, including assessing fiscal, administrative, economic, social, and environmental impacts. Methodologies for ex ante impact assessments include cost-benefit analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, and multi-criteria analysis. Distributional analyses are also important to understand a policy's unintended consequences.
2.30 3.00pm Understanding Vocab Of Perf Mgmt (Jim Brumby)icgfmconference
This document discusses performance budgeting and related concepts. It defines key terms like inputs, outputs, outcomes, and indicators. It also describes the results chain showing how inputs lead to activities, outputs, and intermediate and final outcomes. The document notes there are varying interests in performance like those of purchasers, suppliers, and regulators. It outlines objectives of performance budgeting like improving allocative and operational efficiency. Finally, it describes different OECD models of performance budgeting on a spectrum from contractual to program budgeting.
Workshop 2: Value Chain Development and Inclusive Business Models at The Caribbean-Pacific Agri-Food Forum 2015 (CPAF2015) taking place 2-6 November in Barbados with support from the Intra-ACP Agricultural Policy programme, organized in partnership with the Barbados Agricultural Society (BAS) and the Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA). http://www.cta.int/en/news/caribbean-pacific-agri-food-forum.html
Building FTA capacities for systemic and structural transformations: New FTA ...Totti Könnölä
Transformations linked to disruptive events are causing a shift in Future-oriented Technology Analysis (FTA) activities from individual large-scale foresight actions to smaller in-house exercises and capacity-building. The reasons are manifold relating to the need for an even tighter embedding of FTA in policy-making in a fast-changing, complex environment as well as to internal drivers for novel forms of future intelligence to support coordinated and coherent decisions within and across organisations. The paper identifies three ideal types; external FTA services, the institutionalisation of FTA, and FTA networks, whilst recognising that in practice these types are complementary. In empirical terms this requires further investigation, in order to understand how different combinations of activities in effect operate in their respective decision-making context. It is important to improve our understanding of how far institutionalised FTA can form part of the solution for building capacity to handle disruptions. Many sorts of combinations of elements from different organisational models are needed to enable learning, experimentation and capability development appropriate for the wider decision making context in which FTA is embedded. This paper explores the extent to which FTA can provide enhanced support to decision-making through customised organisational models and corresponding capability thus enabling them to anticipate and address disruptive change and associated challenges.
Presentazione di Antonio Cordella al seminario "E-Government: Teorie e Pratiche nei Paesi Maturi e in via di Sviluppo"
www.thinkinnovation.org
www.forumpa.it
Value chain methodology: Potential use by the Ethiopian Livestock Feed (ELF) ...ILRI
Presented by Getachew Legese (EIAR) at the inception meeting for the ‘Fodder and feed in livestock value chains in Ethiopia’ project, ILRI, Addis Ababa, 21-22 February 2012
The document summarizes feedback from stakeholders on a proposed integrated service delivery framework for Employment Ontario. Key themes from focus groups included: support for more integrated services across ministries but differing views on the best approach; a need to focus on customers rather than individual programs; and importance of community involvement but with provincial coordination. Stakeholders generally preferred maintaining the current distributed service delivery model over introducing lead provider hubs, citing concerns about flexibility and customer choice. Developing clear service standards, pathways for customers, and collaboration mechanisms among providers were seen as priorities to strengthen employment supports across Ontario.
eGovernment measurement for policy makersePractice.eu
Author: Jeremy Millard.
The eGovernment policy focus has moved over the last five years from being mainly concerned with efficiency to being concerned both with efficiency and effectiveness. This paper examines the current and future development of eGovernment policy making, and the critical role that measurement and impact analysis has in it.
Governance of Regulators’ Practices: Accountability, Transparency, Co-ordinationOECD Governance
Presentation by Filippo Cavassini, Policy Analyst, Regulatory Policy Division, OECD, at the II Competition and Regulation Forum: “Reaching for market efficiency” which took place in Mexico on 9-10 January 2018. Further information is available at www.oecd.org/gov/regulatory-policy/.
The MaFI-festo is one of MaFI’s initiatives to change the world. The MaFI festo is about promoting collaboration between practitioners, donors and other key stakeholders to boost development effectiveness through facilitation of inclusive markets and private sector engagement.
The document discusses how shared services and information technologies are transforming private corporations and examines if public sectors could benefit from similar initiatives. It provides details on how shared services projects have delivered progress over 20 years by consolidating resources across businesses and countries. While originally focused on cost reductions, they now aim to add more value. The document also discusses key factors for successful transitions like having executive sponsors, change management processes, and redefining civil servant skills for new citizen-focused tasks.
Service Quality At Univrsity Of Dar Es Salaam Business...Jan Champagne
The document provides background information on the University of Dar Es Salaam Business School (UDBS) in Tanzania. It discusses how UDBS was established in 2008 as a result of the transformation of the former Faculty of Commerce and Management. It also outlines some of UDBS' strengths, including its staff and the breadth and quality of its undergraduate, postgraduate, and training programs in business and management. The document goes on to provide definitions of "service" and the key characteristics of services from various scholars in the literature.
This document summarizes a presentation given by Yusuf Arsiwala of RootBridge C O L L A B on restoring water-related eco-systems in Delhi. It discusses issues with Delhi's existing water bodies like pollution, waste disposal, and sediment buildup. It then presents a model for restoring Rajokari Lake in the village of Rajokari by cleaning the water, removing sludge, restoring the catchment area, and creating ecologically designed landscapes. The proposal includes using SWAB technology for wastewater treatment, natural bio-swales and rain gardens for landscaping, and standardizing restoration processes. The restoration of Rajokari Lake improved the local ecology and groundwater, created a community space
This document discusses using diatom algae and nano silica-based nutrients to remediate polluted water sources through phycoremediation. It notes that diatom algae require less light than other phytoplankton due to their silica cell walls. A product called Nualgi delivers 10 essential micronutrients including silica adsorbed onto nano silica to support diatom algae growth. Case studies demonstrate successful water remediation of polluted lakes and sewage through Nualgi application, with diatom algae and zooplankton reducing organic matter and achieving water quality targets.
This document summarizes an eco-technology presentation by Mr. Yeshwant Kulkarni of Green Water Revolution Pvt. Ltd. It discusses current issues with water pollution in urban areas of India. It then introduces various eco-technological solutions developed by Green Water Revolution to treat both point sources of pollution from places like cities as well as non-point sources like rivers and lakes. These include vertical soil scape filters to treat wastewater and horizontal green bridge systems installed in polluted rivers and streams to reduce pollution loads. It highlights several successful projects implementing these eco-technological solutions in India to restore polluted rivers and streams.
The document is from Biosfera Foundation, an organization that provides environmental management solutions using bioengineering techniques. It summarizes various projects Biosfera has undertaken to restore contaminated water bodies and canals in India through integrated approaches involving plants, microbes, and solar powered technology. Examples mentioned include restoring lakes in Lucknow and Kolkata as well as canals in Kolkata and Manila.
The document discusses water management practices in Rainbow Drive, a residential area in Bangalore. It summarizes how the community manages its water supply through centralized borewells and storage tanks. It also discusses the community's waste water treatment through two STPs and potential reuse of treated water. Over time, the community implemented various reforms like metering, tariff revisions, banning private borewells, and incentivizing rainwater harvesting to reduce water usage.
This document discusses strategies for Hyderabad, India to transform into a global city through sustainable water management. It outlines three key points:
1. Hyderabad has potential to become a global city by balancing urban growth with green/blue environments, but sustainable water resource management is needed.
2. Concepts like circular economy and "sponge cities" that capture excess runoff can help minimize water risks, carbon footprint, and capture resources like methane from waste.
3. Suggestions for action include leveraging technology for digital water management, incentivizing innovations through public-private partnerships and financing, and building stakeholder engagement for quality of life goals.
The Hyderabad Golf Association faced a shortage of 2 million liters per day (MLD) of quality irrigation water. Additionally, the government mandated improving the quality of surface ponds near the golf course that were polluted with untreated sewage. The Natural Biological System was implemented as a case study to address both issues. It treats 3 MLD of sewage on-site without energy and produces tertiary quality water for irrigation, rejuvenating the ponds. Water quality tests showed significant reductions in parameters like COD, BOD, and fecal coliform after treatment. The system provides a green, aesthetic and cost-effective solution to water and wastewater challenges.
This document discusses five theories of urban water restoration: 1) Consider the full watershed, 2) Ensure water quality by managing the catchment area, 3) Find beneficial uses for all water, 4) Take a holistic planning approach that generates economic and social benefits, and 5) Aim for vibrant, living water bodies rather than sterile infrastructure. Case studies from India are presented for each theory. The document advocates comprehensive planning and stakeholder engagement to successfully restore urban blue spaces.
This document provides context and proposes solutions for developing sustainable townships and campuses in the future. It discusses challenges around unsustainable urban development in India, including issues with transportation, water, energy, and sanitation infrastructure. Potential opportunities and solutions are presented at different scales from the household to neighborhood level. Short, medium, and long-term actions are suggested to accelerate clean energy adoption, sustainable water management, and improved mobility. The document aims to start a discussion around developing integrated roadmaps and policies to guide more sustainable development.
The document discusses water supply challenges facing Bengaluru, India. It notes that while basic water supply is available, the city faces key stresses including depletion of surface water sources, loss of tree cover impacting water availability, multiple drought years reducing reservoir levels, severe groundwater depletion, and reduction in open spaces and water bodies. Without action, the growing population will outpace existing water supply plans, risking a "Day Zero" water crisis.
This document summarizes a report on the pedestrianization project of the Historic Peninsula in Istanbul. It provides details on the project scope, implementation process, and economic impacts. The project pedestrianized over 295 streets between 2010-2013. It describes the costs and stakeholders involved for different sub-regions. Initially, local businesses worried that pedestrianization would negatively impact their revenues, but surveys later found that 49% of pedestrianized areas experienced increased retail turnover. The project improved the built environment and quality of life in the historic area.
The Green Corridor TOD project in Cali, Colombia aims to redevelop the abandoned railway line into a light rail transit system and densify the surrounding areas. The project would create 22 km of bike and pedestrian paths, improve intermodality, and generate new public spaces. Studies have assessed the feasibility of different transit technologies, developed a business model framework, and identified opportunities for land value capture. Funding from the NAMA Facility was secured to pilot priority interventions along the corridor in line with transit-oriented development and greenhouse gas mitigation principles. A recent study identified property tax, special assessments, and urban planning tools as potential land value capture instruments for the project under Colombian law.
This document discusses land value capture in Brazil, including air rights sales, CEPACs in São Paulo, and case studies of OUC Água Espraiada and Belo Horizonte. It notes that air rights can be sold based on basic floor area ratio (FAR) or additional FAR allowed. CEPACs in São Paulo were used to determine where and how to invest proceeds. The case studies achieved significant funds for infrastructure from LVC: OUC Água Espraiada generated $800 million and Belo Horizonte generated $115 million from LVC. The document concludes with lessons around clearly defining the purpose of LVC instruments and linking LVC goals to broader urban sustainability goals.
The document discusses Sistemas de Actuación por Cooperación (SAC) in Mexico City. SACs are planning tools that seek to coordinate public, private, and social sectors to implement strategic urban projects that benefit communities. SACs guide development to be sustainable, prosperous, participatory, and equitable. They promote investment and efficient land use to improve infrastructure, transport access, and territorial equity. The document outlines the process for establishing a SAC and how they operate through technical committees and agreements between stakeholders. It lists several SACs already established in Mexico City and their objectives to regenerate urban areas, generate social and economic equity, and improve quality of life through coordinated projects.
CDP works with partners and cities to collect environmental data in order to drive decision making and transition to a low-carbon economy. CDP manages cities' data and makes it available to various partners through data sharing and reporting platforms. This allows partners to work with and support cities using the shared data. CDP also provides tools like city analytics and reports to help cities improve data quality, reduce reporting burdens, and monitor their progress on climate goals.
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BRT Workshop - Regulatory and Contractual Aspects
1. Across Latitudes and Countries
Bus Rapid Transit
Center of Excellence
Regulatory and Contractual Aspects
´
Rosário Macário
Instituto Superior Técnico
Lisboa, Portugal
2. Outline
Urban mobility system
Agents, relations, decision levels
Effects of introduction of a new mode/service - BRT
Institutions
Regulatory Frameworks
Contracts
Regulatory framework and contracts as performance
drivers
4. What is the urban mobility system?
• structured and coordinated set of modes, services and
infrastructure to ensure the displacement of persons and
goods in the city.
• consisting of several elements, one physical and
material character, others
organizational, institutional, and finally, others of logical
character.
• a vital element of the competitiveness of the
city, because of that is a sub-system of the urban system
and it is used to development of the city
5. DECISION LEVELS
Three fundamental levels of decision-making:
Strategic: define the objectives to pursue and the resources to mobilize
Tactical: define the solutions types (technologies) and make the
planning (capacity, networks, schedules)
Operational: execute the planned production
Success of the process
At each level it is needed to have some idea of the implications of
decisions of lower levels
Nevertheless, it is necessary to assemble retro-action processes that
allow to adjust decisions to each superior levels which lower level
analysis reveals
In a democratic society, the strategic level should be policy
makers responsibility
6. The elements of UMS
• The infrastructures
• The mobility services
• The organization
• The regulation
• The information
• The elements of other sectors that affect
our perception of the mobility system
• Etc
7. The agents of UMS
• Transport Authorities
• Mobility Operators
• Infrastructures Operators
• Policy Makers
• Representatives of the citizens
• Third and fourth party providers
• etc
8. Intra-system links
Infrastructure :
Hierarchy of road network in accordance with service levels;
Current and future roles of the main arteries
Parking location, P&R, etc.
Definition of zones or networks which can not be used by individual
traffic (protection zones)
Services
Prioritization of services: primary and feeders; mass ("Transit") and
segmented.
Pricing policies (various services and including parking)
System
Linking land use and transport
Linking transport of passengers and goods
Linking motorized and non motorized transports
Controlling externalities (emissions, accidents, noise)
9. Introduce a BRT = Changing the system
Roles of each mode/service change
Relations between the different agents change
Objectives for urban development are challenged
Relation between decision levels
Relation between agents
10. Difficulties of Urban Mobility Systems
S
Strategic
goals of the
system
Stakeholders
interest
S
T T
O
Service
performance
Monitoring
criteria
Measuring
tools
O
DecisionLevels
DecisionLevels
consistency
gap
Relation between decision levels
11. Urban mobility system properties
Robustness, i.e. stability and long-term sustainability;
Adaptability, i.e. dynamic capability of adapting
services to the requirements of developments in
society and technology.
Efficiency, i.e. high productivity in the ability to
change the basic resources into products and these
consumer units, providing the best result at the
lowest cost;
• Diversity, ability to meet the aspirations of different
customer segments with different services in a
continuous adjustment between supply and demand
of the urban mobility system
13. What are institutions ?
Institutions <> Organizations
The term “institution” is used with a variety of meanings in
common language as well as in philosophy, but with a more precise
meaning in sociology and generally in the social sciences:
An institution is any structure or mechanism of social order and cooperation
governing the behavior of a set of individuals within a given human
community.
Institutions are identified with a social purpose and
permanence, transcending individual human lives and intentions, and with
the making and enforcing of rules governing cooperative human behavior
Institutions create elements of order and predictability.
Predictability in turn can enhance trust, which can enhance
reciprocating loyalty, which can facilitate
bargaining, compromise, and fiduciary relationships (Heclo, 2006)
14. How do Institutions Change?
There is nothing automatic, self-perpetuating, or self-reinforcing about
institutional arrangements. Institutions represent compromises based
on specific coalitional dynamics, they are always vulnerable to shifts.
Institutional change often occurs when problems of rule
interpretation and enforcement open up space for actors to
implement existing rules in new ways.
– In fact, institutions have implications on distribution of resources, which
creates tensions that eventually lead to dissenting actions
Quite often, changes reflect adaptation to local experience, making
them relatively myopic and meandering, rather than optimizing
– So, they will most times be ‘‘inefficient,’’ in the sense of not reaching a
uniquely optimal arrangement
15. Why are specialized organizations
necessary? (I)
In general, organizations are necessary as an instrument of
effectiveness better performance thanks to a hierarchy of
command in particular tasks
– This is valid both in the private and in the public domains
In both domains the dimension and mission of each
organization cannot grow indefinitely
– Loss of focus for the institution and of effectiveness of the chain of
command subdivision in smaller organizations (departments /
divisions / units / etc.) is necessary
16. Making Institutions Work
Institutional design affects the degrees of freedom and
incentives (penalties and rewards) of individual and
collective agents, so it influences their behavior
Institutional design may also include filters or
screens, restricting
– Who is allowed to participate in some decisions
– What options are available in certain decisions
Penalties and Rewards to individual agents in the
institutions must be stimulating of the desired behavior and
proportional
– In their conception, they should be complier-centered, not
deviant-centered
18. Common Pathologies in
Organizations
From Focus to loss of coherence
– Need for coordination
– Method of Open Coordination (introduced by EU in the Lisbon
Strategy, 2000)
Organizations (like all organisms) have a priority goal of
qualified survival
– From focus on a problem to the need of keeping the problem
alive as a justification for survival
Organizations are agents at the service of a principal
– The principal in this case is the set of institutions they embody
– But like all agents they tend to align their behavior with their
own interest and not so much with the interest of the
principal need for contract (statute) with constraints and
incentives
19. Main types of Organizations in the
Transport Sector
• In all countries, there are multiple types of
organizations in the Transport Sector
– Because it is vital for the organization of peoples lives and activities
of companies, and so it is expected to function predictably
• The main types of organizations in the Transport
Sector are:
– Government to decide on Transport Policy
– Agencies for planning of infrastructure and service networks
– Organizacional Agencies
– (Direct and added-value) Service operators
– Protective Regulators, establishing technical, safety and
environmental rules
– Police and similar for enforcement of rules
– Economic Regulators, to ensure efficient economic performance
20. What is the Regulatory Framework
Who does what and when
Right of initiative: market initiative versus
authority initiative
Spectrum of competition
21. Pitfalls of competitive tendering
Authorities tend to over-specify the product, and then look for the
cheapest supplier
Administrative setting of tariffs and subsidy levels leads to slow and
superficial changes in supply
• Customer surveys may show satisfaction but they only represent the opinion
of those that have not left
A commercially tuned attitude is needed, more easily found in
operators than in authorities. But there is no incentive for large
gambles:
• Short duration contracts, no incentives beyond “doing it right”
• Excessive success would entice interest of other competitors
22. Economic Regulators and their role
Economic Regulators are special organizations created to keep
watch against abuse from market failure, occurring in the
(mostly private) provision of goods and services in network
industries
Difficult roles of regulators: preserve efficiency under limited or
no direct competition, administer tariff adjustments, push for
innovation (X-efficiency), keep companies healthy
– Inclusion companies’ health in the regulators’ agendas was a
central element in the process of attracting private equity into
these sectors (risk management)
24. Contractual relationships
Contractual models can be distinguished along several
parameters:
– Whether they are static or dynamic,
– Whether they involve complete or incomplete contracts,
– Whether they describe bilateral or multilateral
situations;
– Whether the private information bears on:
• What the agent does (hidden action)
• What the agent is (hidden information)
25. Pure contractual forms in PT
Management contract
– represents a form of delegation from the authority to the operator who is
confined to the professional management of the operations on behalf of the
authority. The degree of delegation and of engagement of the contracted
manager in any risk taking is decided on a case by case basis, but in all
circumstances the contract is negotiated for a fixed period of time and agreed
price
Gross cost contract
– the authority releases the control of the productive means – vehicles / rolling
stock, depots/other infrastructure, etc - to the operator, often setting also
certain specific standard for quality of service, required fleets, etc., together
with the agreed price for the production of the service. Very often contract
length as to be associated to the lifecycle duration of material assets involved in
production, this is a common situation with railways companies. However, more
recent evolutions enable to have contract length almost independent from
lifecycle of material assets through operational leasing
Net cost contract
– In Net Cost contracts both the productive and commercial risk are born by the
operators. In these contracts the operator is normally entitled to retain all fare
revenue and bears all the risks (productive and commercial)
26. Quality and incentives in contracts
Quality Measurements (Incentive/Penalty)
Internal: focus on service production
External: focus on customer’s perception/reaction
Traditional Incentives
Gross cost contracts: Revenue incentives based on
perceived customer satisfaction or patronage
Net cost contracts: Shared revenue risk and minimum
quality standards monitored through perceived customer
satisfaction or patronage
27. The risks involved in the provision of
UPT services
Production risks - related with productive factors
Commercial risks - related with demand levels and pricing
policies
Urban planning risks : land -use; traffic management;
transport system planning (encompasses political risks)
28. The risks involved in the provision of
UPT services
Risks of classic contracts
When Authority defines all beforehand
Risk of initial misfit between requirements and supply
Market requirements evolve and supply is “tied up” by
contractual obligations
When Operator has more right of initiative
More difficult to assure integration with other sectors
Contracts must be longer to allow development of new
services, market reaction and payback of investments.
Incumbent gains market information advantages that may be
decisive for winning successive tenders and exclude new comers.
29. Net Cost Contracts are hard to manage
Apparently, Net Cost contracts would be the answer
operator bears commercial risks
Net Cost Contracts are harder for both sides:
For Operators, much harder preparation of bids, higher
risks, permanent costs of reading markets, short-term contracts create
risk of baking the cake and have someone else eat it
For Authorities, lower number of contestants in tender, market
contestability possibly virtual after first cycle
Biggest difficulties come during contract life
All changes of transport policy or traffic regulation may affect the
commercial side of PT operations, thus imposing compensation
So, net cost contracts become a barrier to innovation and adaptation
in urban management
30. Material Assets
and Contract Length
Traditionally, contract length connected to lifecycle
duration of material assets
More flexible solutions are now available
– Fixed assets can belong to the Authority and be managed
directly or through management contracts w/ private parties
– Mobile assets may be acquired through operational leasing
• heavy maintenance performed by the suppliers (or subcontracted under
their responsibility)
• disposal at the end of contract ensured by supplier
– Contract for material assets may be done by the authority of
by the operator
So, contract length may become (almost) independent
of lifecycle of material assets
32. Performance monitoring of UMS
Industrial Performance - processing of basic resources in
production of transport
Network organization - transformation between transport
units and levels of accessibility strategically defined
Commercial performance- consumption potential represented
by these levels of accessibility, which is generally the level of
customer satisfaction
Production of Externalities - potential of each configuration to
generate a negative impact in terms of economic and social
view
33. Assessing industrial performance
Factors affecting industrial performance :
– The regulatory and organisational framework (e.g.
structure-conduct-paradigm)
– Other factors :
• Dimensions of urban area (e.g. economies of scale)
• Diversity of modes and level of integration (e.g. network
economies, density and scope)
• Complexity of the network (e.g. fleet capacity in feeder
routes)
Industrial performance indicators should cover:
– Productive efficiency:
– Resource Management;
– Environmental protective Management
34. Assessing network organisation
Four main dimensions of integration to be considered:
Visible
– Physical: In space, time and technology:
– Logical: Involving global system information, focused information and reliability of
connections provided by real time information:
– Tariff: Entailing tariff integration and revenue sharing:
Invisible
– Organizational (Institutional and Contractual): Entailing allocation of responsibilities
between authorities and operators, and between operators from different modes;
Indicators to assess network organization should depart from the
accessibility concept. i.e.:
– Availability of transport, meaning network coverage in time and space;
– Commercial accessibility, concerning availability of selling points;
– Logical accessibility, concerning availability of information;
– Financial accessibility, addressing tariff regimes and levels (e.g. affordability)
35. Assessing commercial performance
Commercial performance is directly related with clients
satisfaction and requires close identification with clusters
of clients, which form specific market segments with
differentiated expectations
Factors influencing the customers quality perception:
– Previous experience;
– Level of information;
– Social statute
– Price paid that either meets or not their expectation
Aspects to be considered in the assessment are:
regularity, continuity of service, comfort, convenience and
security
36. Impacts of commercial performance
• First, the impact on citizens’ use of public
transport measured by passenger.kms in public
transport;
• Second, the impact on traffic
congestion, measured through market share of
public transport;
• Third, the impact on the financial situation of the
Operators and authorities (reduction of
subsidyneeds), measured through the revenue
obtained.
37. Some pitfalls of UPT
performance assessment
To truly assess the performance of UPT systems longitudinal comparisons
are important but misrepresentative. We must assess transversal
comparisons between system in different cities or urban areas
Careful thought should be given to the factors influencing transversal
comparisons, since they can potentially biases the interpretation of
indicators, such as: organizational settings, geographical
characteristics, land-use patterns, intermodality and diversity of modes
The separate analyze of performance dimensions should be
complementary to the preliminary analysis of market structure to enable
the full understanding of the dynamics of the system.
38. Across Latitudes and Countries
Bus Rapid Transit
Center of Excellence
Regulatory Organization and Contractual Relations Between Agents
´
Rosário Macário
rosariomacario@ist.utl.pt
Instituto Superior Técnico
Lisboa, Portugal
Thanks for participating !