This document summarizes key events and developments in early American history from the postwar economic problems and transportation issues to westward expansion, the Era of Good Feelings, the rise of sectionalism, and the establishment of federal primacy by the Supreme Court under John Marshall. It also discusses opposition to the Adams administration, the disputed 1824 election, and Jackson's eventual victory in 1828.

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8: Varieties of American Nationalism
Alan Brinkley, The Unfinished Nation, 8th Edition

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Stabilizing Economic Growth
• The Government and Economic Growth
– Postwar economic problems
– Second Bank of the United States
– Lowell Mill
– The protective tariff

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Stabilizing Economic Growth (Continued)
• Transportation
– Inadequate transportation system
– The National Road
– Steamboats

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Steamboats on the Hudson
Inventor Robert Fulton developed an engine that could propel a boat from
Manhattan to Albany, a distance of about 150 miles, in 32 hours. His steam-
powered vessels were the first to be large and reliable enough for commercial use.
Photo © Tarker/Bridgeman Images

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Expanding Westward
• The Great Migration
– Reasons for westward expansion
• White Settlers in the Old Northwest
– A mobile society

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Expanding Westward (Continued)
• The Plantation System in the Old Southwest
– The Black Belt region
– Four new states

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Expanding Westward (Continued, 2)
• Trade and Trapping in the Far West
– Trade with Mexican territories
– White trappers in the West
• Eastern Images of the West
– Stephen H. Long’s expedition

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The “Era of Good Feelings”
• The End of the First Party System
– The Virginia Dynasty
– Monroe’s goodwill tour

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The “Era of Good Feelings” (Continued)
• John Quincy Adams and Florida
– The Seminole War
– Adams-Onís Treaty
• The Panic of 1819
– Tightening credit

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Sectionalism and Nationalism
• The Missouri Compromise
– Tallmadge Amendment
– Henry Clay’s maneuvers

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The Missouri Compromise, 1820
This map illustrates the way in which the Missouri Compromise proposed to settle the
controversy over slavery in the new western territories of the United States. The compromise
rested on the virtually simultaneous admission of Missouri and Maine to the Union, one a slave
state and the other a free one.

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Sectionalism and Nationalism (Continued)
• Marshall and the Court
– Dartmouth College v. Woodward
– McCulloch v. Maryland
– Gibbons v. Ogden
– Federal primacy established

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John Marshall
A former secretary of state, Marshall served as chief justice from 1801 until his death in 1835 at
the age of eighty. Such was the power of his intellect and personality that he dominated his
fellow justices throughout that period, regardless of their previous party affiliations or legal
ideologies. Marshall established the independence of the Court, gave it a reputation for
nonpartisan integrity, and established its powers, which were only vaguely described by the
Constitution.
© Archive Photos/Getty Images

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Sectionalism and Nationalism
(Continued, 2)
• The Court and the Tribes
– Worcester v. Georgia
– Tribal rights affirmed

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Cherokee Leader Sequoyah
Sequoyah was a mixed-blood Cherokee who translated his tribe's language into writing through
an elaborate syllabary of his own invention. He opposed Indian assimilation into white society
and saw the preservation of the Cherokee language as a way to protect the culture of his tribe.
He moved to Arkansas in the 1820s and became a chief of the western Cherokee tribes.
© Hulton Archive/Getty Images

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Sectionalism and Nationalism
(Continued, 3)
• The Latin American Revolution and
the Monroe Doctrine
– The “Monroe Doctrine”
• “The American continents are henceforth not to be considered as
subjects for future colonization by any European powers”

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The Revival of Opposition
– Political divisions
• The “Corrupt Bargain”
– “King Caucus” overthrown
– Disputed election

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The Revival of Opposition (Continued)
• The Second President Adams
– Diplomatic frustrations
– The “tariff of abominations”

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The Revival of Opposition (Continued, 2)
• Jackson Triumphant
– Jackson’s decisive but sectional victory

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Consider the Source
• Thomas Jefferson Reacts to the Missouri
Compromise, 1820

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The Unfinished Nation, 8th Edition
Next: Chapter 9
Jacksonian America