Briefly discuss Me issues which flying insects face and how they over.pdf

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Briefly discuss Me issues which flying insects face and how they overcome them in the environment? Solution Briefly discus five issues which flying insects face and how they overcome them in the environment? They have many modifications mainly in their morphology inorder to survive in the environment Threat from surroundings- -Prey / predation Camouflage: Where the insects color matches with the surrounding environment in which it lives in order to escape from being food to some other species. So that it escapes itself from danger. Ex: Peppered moth caterpillars mimic twigs. Skin colour helps it to survive in its natural habitat They do so that they can get plenty food, with out being recognised, as it matches to their surroundings. Ex: Goldenrod Crab Spider, It can get only 2 colors Yellow and white, where it feeds mainly on daisies and sunflowers same coloured flowers Protecting themselves from enemies They have many modifications mainly in their morphology inorder to survive in the environment.

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Fresh cut vegitation: a non-generic name, are any of 47 species of leaf-chewing ants belonging to the two genera Atta and Acromyrmex. These species of tropical, fungus-growing ants are all endemic to South and Central America, Mexico, and parts of the southern United States. Leafcutter ants can carry more than 5000 times their body weight and cut and process fresh vegetation (leaves, flowers, and grasses) to serve as the nutritional substrate for their fungal cultivars. Acromyrmex and Atta ants have much in common anatomically; however, the two can be identified by their external differences. Atta ants have three pairs of spines and a smooth exoskeleton on the upper surface of the thorax, while Acromyrmex ants have four pairs and a rough exoskeleton. Ants: Ants are eusocial insects of the family Formicidae and, along with the related wasps and bees, belong to the order Hymenoptera.Ants form colonies that range in size from a few dozen predatory individuals living in small natural cavities to highly organised colonies that may occupy large territories and consist of millions of individuals. Larger colonies consist mostly of sterile, wingless females forming castes of \"workers\", \"soldiers\", or other specialised groups. Nearly all ant colonies also have some fertile males called \"drones\" and one or more fertile females called \"queens\". The colonies are described as superorganisms because the ants appear to operate as a unified entity, collectively working together to support the colony. Ants have colonised almost every landmass on Earth. The only places lacking indigenous ants are Antarctica and a few remote or inhospitable islands. Actinobacter: Actinobacteria is a phylum of gram-positive bacteria. They can be terrestrial or aquatic. They are of great economic importance to humans because agriculture and forests depend on their contributions to soil systems. In soil, they behave much like fungi, helping to decompose the organic matter of dead organisms so that the molecules can be taken up anew by plants. In this role the colonies often grow extensive mycelia, like a fungus would, and the name of an important order of the phylum, Actinomycetales Fertilizers: Bio-fertilizers provide \"eco-friendly\" organic agro-input. Bio-fertilizers such as Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Azospirilium and blue green algae (BGA) have been in use a long time. Rhizobiuminoculant is used for leguminous crops. Azotobacter can be used with crops like wheat, maize, mustard, cotton, potato and other vegetable crops. Azospirillum inoculations are recommended mainly for sorghum, millets, maize, sugarcane and wheat. Blue green algae belonging to a general cyanobacteria genus, Nostoc or Anabaena or Tolypothrix or Aulosira, fix atmospheric nitrogen and are used as inoculations for paddy crop grown both under upland and low-land conditions. Anabaena in association with water fern Azolla contributes nitrogen up to 60 kg/ha/season and also enriches soils with organic matter A.

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