for all doctors

2. By

5. • World Breastfeeding Week
World Breastfeeding Week was first
celebrated in 1992 and is now observed
in over 120 countries by UNICEF and its
partners, including the World Alliance
for Breastfeeding Action and the World
Health Organization.

6. Motherhooh
Diego Rivera
"Virgin of the Green Cushion"
Solario
Breastfeeding Through Time

7. Breast Feeding Logo

8. 233[

9. 7[

10. 14[

11. • Breastfeeding is the feeding of
an infant or young child with
milk from a woman's breasts.
• Babies have a sucking reflex
that enables them to suck and
swallow milk.

12. Economic Benefits
1 Milk Box = 450 gm = 100 Cup (1 cup= 4.5 gm)
* Baby needs / month= 10 Box
* Baby needs / year =10×12=120 Box
* Baby needs /2 years =120×2=240 Box
* Costs /2 years= 240× 25 pounds=6000 pounds
* 100% of babies taken bottle feeding
* 2600000× 6000 = 15,600000000
* 50% of babies taken bottle feeding
* 1300000×6000= 7,800000000

13. Breast = Mammae =
developed from the infant's cry
"mamma" in seeking the breast

14. • The production, secretion
and ejection of milk is called
LACTATION

17. Parts of the Breast
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20. Size and Shape
There are many
different shapes and
sizes of breast and
nipple.
Babies can breastfeed
from almost all of them.
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21. • American Academy of Pediatrics,
• “Extensive research, especially in recent years,
documents diverse and compelling advantages
to infants, mothers, families, and society from
breastfeeding and the use of human milk for
infant feeding. These include health, nutritional,
immunologic, developmental, psychological,
social, economic, and environmental benefits.”

22. Breastfeeding has been important since the
beginning of mankind. In approximately 1800 BC
Hammurabi's Code regulated the behavior and
the health of wet nurses (a wet nurse is someone
who nurses another's baby regularly). In Sparta,
Greece, Spartan women were required to nurse
their eldest son. This was the child who was
expected to inherit the family name. At other
times during history breastfeeding has been seen
as something that only lower class or poor people
did. In France in the early 1800's, most upper
class women hired wet nurses for their infants (
Lawrence, 2005

23. • WHO/UNICEF Feeding Recommendations
• Exclusive breastfeeding for first six
months
• Continued breastfeeding for two years or
more
• Safe, appropriate and adequate
complementary foods beginning at 6
months
• Frequency of complementary feeding: 2
times per day for 6-8 month olds; 3 times
per day for 9-11 month olds.

24. • Exclusive Breastfeeding
• Giving an infant only breast milk, with the
• exception of drops or syrups consisting
• of vitamins, mineral supplements, or
• drugs
• No food or drink other than breast milk—
• not even water-

25. • UNICEF estimates that exclusive
breastfeeding to the age of six
months could prevent the deaths
of 1.3 million children under the
age of five each year.

26. The State of World’s Initiation of
breastfeeding
Mapping Information
1.Blank /No colour: Data not
reported/available
2.Red: Initiation of breastfeeding within
one hour rate Below 29%
3.Yellow: Initiation of breastfeeding
within one hour rate 30-49%
4.Blue: Initiation of breastfeeding within
one hour rate 50-89%
5.Green: Initiation of breastfeeding
within one hour rate 90% or
more

31. • From the third month of pregnancy
(the second and third trimesters), a
woman's body produces hormones
that stimulate the growth of the milk
duct system in the breasts

32. • Progesterone — influences the growth in size
of alveoli and lobes. Progesterone and
estrogen levels drop after birth. This triggers
the onset of copious milk production.[9]
• Estrogen — stimulates the milk duct system to
grow and become specific. Estrogen levels
drop at delivery and remain low for the first
several months of breastfeeding.[9] It is
recommended that breastfeeding mothers
avoid estrogen-based birth control methods, as
a spike in estrogen levels may reduce a
mother's milk supply.

34. • Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
• Luteinizing hormone (LH)
• Prolactin — contributes to the increased growth
of the alveoli during pregnancy.
• Oxytocin — contracts the smooth muscle of the
uterus during and after birth, and during
orgasm. After birth, oxytocin contracts the
smooth muscle layer of band-like cells
surrounding the alveoli to squeeze the newly-
produced milk into the duct system. Oxytocin is
necessary for the milk ejection reflex, or let-
down to occur.

35. • Human placental lactogen (HPL) —
From the second month of pregnancy,
the placenta releases large amounts of
HPL. This hormone appears to be
instrumental in breast, nipple, and areola
growth before birth.
• By the fifth or sixth month of pregnancy,
the breasts are ready to produce milk. It
is also possible to induce lactation.

36. • Colostrum is the first milk a breastfed baby
receives. It contains higher amounts of white
blood cells and antibodies than mature milk,
and is especially high in immunoglobulin A
(IgA), which coats the lining of the baby's
immature intestines, and helps to prevent
germs from invading the baby's system.
Secretory IgA also helps prevent food allergies.
Over the first two weeks after the birth,
colostrum production slowly gives way to
mature breast milk.

37. •
• The volume of Clostrum is
approximately 100 cc's in a 24-hour
period.

39. Amount of milk
Clostrum = 50-100 cc/day -- 7-14ml/ feed
5th day---500cc/day
8 month---800cc/day
Average 550-1100 cc/day

45. Breastfeeding is associated with lower risk of the following diseases:
Allergies
Asthma
Autoimmune thyroid diseases
Bacterial meningitis
Breast cancer
Celiac disease
Crohn's disease
Diabetes
Diarrhea
Eczema
Gastroenteritis
Hodgkin's lymphoma
Necrotizing enterocolitis
Multiple sclerosis
Obesity
Otitis media
Respiratory infection, wheezing
Rheumatoid arthritis
Urinary tract infection

46. • Benefits for the mother
• -decreases maternal bleeding
• -lactational amenorrhoea
• -Less risk of breast cancer & ovarian cancer
• decreased insulin requirements in diabetic
mothers
• less risk of endometrial cancer
• Less risk of Osteoporosis
• beneficial effects on insulin levels of mothers
with polycystic ovary syndrome(POS)
• Mothers who breastfeed longer than eight
months have better bone re-mineralisation
• Decrease wt of the mother bec. Lactation
needs400-500 calories/day

47. • Afterpains
• The surge of oxytocin that triggers the
milk ejection reflex also causes the
uterus to contract. During
breastfeeding, mothers may feel
these contractions as afterpains.
These may range from period-like
cramps to strong labour-like
contractions and can be more severe
with second and subsequent babies

50. Expressed Breast Milk

51. Breastfeeding
Positions
7/1
In line
Close
Supported
Facing
BreastfeedingCounselling:atrainingcourse,
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58. Skin to Skin Contact and
Early Breastfeeding
5/2
UNICEF/HQ92-0369/RogerLemoyne,Thailand

59. What can you see?
Good attachment Poor attachment
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61. Syringe method for inverted nipples
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62. Sore Nipple
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©UNICEFC107-31

63. Mastitis
12/4
©UNICEFC107-39

64. Engorged Breast
©UNICEFC-10-25
12/3

65. Full Breast
UNICEFC-107-19
12/2

66. • Contraindications to breastfeeding
• An HIV +ve mother in developed countries
• Amiodarone
• Antimetabolites
• Antithyroid drugs
• Opiates.
• Radioactive compounds
• Lithium
• Diazepam
• Chloramphenicol
• Tetracycline

71. Thank
you