The document discusses various breast disorders, including mastitis, breast abscess, and gynecomastia, detailing their definitions, causes, symptoms, diagnostic evaluations, and treatments. Mastitis is an inflammation of breast tissue often affecting breastfeeding women, while breast abscess is a pus formation requiring medical attention. Gynecomastia results from hormonal imbalances in males and can resolve naturally or require medication or surgery for treatment.

1. DISORDERS OF BREAST
By, Ahmed Sodha
M.Sc.(N). – M.S.N.

2. BREAST ANATOMY

4. MAMOGRAPHY PROCEDURE (મેમોગ્રાફી)

5. MASTITIS (માસ્ટાઈટીસ)

6.  DEFINITION:-
MASTITIS IS AN INFLAMMATION OF BREAST
TISSUE CHARACTERIZED BY BREAST PAIN,
SWELLING, WARMTH, REDNESS & FEVER.
MASTITIS MOST COMMONLY AFFECTS WOMEN WHO
ARE BREASTFEEDING (LATATION MASTITIS).
 ETIOLOGY / RISK FACTORS:-
• BACTERIA (STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS,
STREPTOCOCCUS, E.COLI, MYCOBACTERIA)
• FUNGI (CANDIDA)
• BLOCKED MILK DUCTS IN BREAST (MILK
STASIS)
• CRACKS ON NIPPLES OR SORE ON NIPPLES
• INJURY TO BREAST
• NIPPLE PIERCING

7.  TYPES:-
1. PUERPERAL MASTITIS:- WHEN MASTITIS
OCCURS IN BREASTFEEDING MOTHERS. ITS
ALSO KNOWN AS LACTATION MASTITIS OR
LACTATIONAL MASTITIS.
2. NONPUERPERAL MASTITIS:- WHEN MASTITIS
OCCURS IN NON BREASTFEEDING MOTHERS.
ITS ALSO KNOWN AS NONLACTATION MASTITIS
OR NONLACTATIONAL MASTITIS.

8.  CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS:-
• SWELLING OF THE BREAST
• TENDERNESS
• BREAST PAIN (MASTODYNIA OR MAMMALGIA)
• SKIN REDNESS
• THE AFFECTED BREAST LOOK LUMPY & RED
• FATIGUE
 DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION:-
• HISTORY COLLECTION
• PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
• CHEST X-RAY
• MAMOGRAPHY
• BREAST ULTRASOUND
• BREAST MRI

9.  TREATMENT:-
• ANTIBIOTIC DRUGS
• ANALGESICS (ACETAMINOPHEN, IBUPROFEN)
 OTHER :-
• TRYING INFANT LATCHES CORRECTLY
• MASSAGING OR PUMPING THE BREAST WHILE
BREAST FEEDING
• MAKE SURE BREAST DRAINS COMPLETELY
DURING BREAST FEEDING
• APPLY COOL COMPRESSES OR ICE PACKS TO
YOUR BREAST AFTER BREAST-FEEDING

10. BREAST ABSCESS (બ્રેસ્ટ એબ્સેસ)

11.  DEFINITION:-
“WHEN A POCKET OF PUS FORMS IN THE BREAST IS
KNOWN AS A BREAST ABSCESS.”
• SOMETIMES A BACTERIAL INFECTION CAN CAUSE
PUS COLLECTION.
• BREAST ABSCESS CAN BE PAINFUL & REQUIRES
URGENT MEDICAL TREATMENT TO AVOID
COMPLICATIONS.
 ETIOLOGY / RISK FACTORS:-
• BACTERIA (STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS,
STREPTOCOCCUS, E.COLI, MYCOBACTERIA)
• FUNGI (CANDIDA)
• BLOCKED MILK DUCTS IN BREAST (MILK STASIS)
• SECONDARY TO MASTITIS
• INJURY TO BREAST

12.  TYPES:-
1. LACTATIONAL (PUERPERAL) ABSCESS:- WHEN
ABSCESS FORMATION IN BREAST FEEDING
WOMEN ITS CALLED AS LACTATIONAL
ABSCESS.
2. NON LACTATIONAL ABSCESS:- WHEN ABSCESS
FORMATION IN NON BREAST FEEDING WOMEN
ITS CALLED AS NON LACTATIONAL ABSCESS.

13.  CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS:-
• SWELLING OF THE BREAST
• TENDERNESS
• PAIN IN AFFECTED BREAST
• SKIN REDNESS
• THE AFFECTED BREAST LOOK LUMPY & RED
• NIPPLE DISCHARGE
 DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION:-
• HISTORY COLLECTION
• PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
• CHEST X-RAY
• MAMOGRAPHY
• BREAST ULTRASOUND
• BREAST MRI

14.  TREATMENT:-
• ANTIBIOTIC DRUGS
• ANALGESICS (ACETAMINOPHEN, IBUPROFEN)
• DRAIN THE PUS WITH SYRINGE OR THROUGH
INCISION
 OTHER :-
• DO NOT BREAST FEED WITH INFECTED BREAST.
• AFTER BREAST FEEDING CLEAN THE NIPPLES &
AREOLAE WITH STERILISED WIPES.
• KEEP THE BREAST CLEAN DAILY BY SOAP &
WATER.
• APPLY WARM COMPRESSES.

15. GYNECOMASTIA (ગાયનેકોમાસ્ટીયા)

16.  DEFINITION:-
• “GYNECOMASTIA IS DEFINED AS AN INCREASE
IN THE AMOUNT OF BREAST GLAND TISSUE IN
BOYS OR MEN.”
• IT’S CAUSED BY AN IMBALANCE OF THE
HORMONES ESTROGEN AND TESTOSTERONE.
• GYNECOMASTIA CAN AFFECT ONE OR BOTH
BREASTS.
• GENERALLY, GYNECOMASTIA ISN'T A SERIOUS
PROBLEM, BUT IT CAN BE TOUGH TO COPE
WITH THE CONDITION.
• MEN AND BOYS WITH GYNECOMASTIA SOMETIMES
HAVE PAIN IN THEIR BREASTS AND MAY FEEL
EMBARRASSED.

17.  ETIOLOGY / RISK FACTORS:-
• DECREASE TESTOSTERONE HORMONES COMPARED
WOTH ESTROGEN.
• USE OF ANABOLIC STREOIDS (USE TO ENHANCE
ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE)

18.  CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS:-
• SWELLING OF THE BREAST
• BREAST TENDERNESS OR PAIN
 DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION:-
• HISTORY COLLECTION
• PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
• BLOOD TEST
• CHEST X-RAY
• BREAST ULTRASOUND
• BREAST MRI

19.  TREATMENT:-
• MOST CASES OF GYNECOMASTIA RESOLVE OVER
TIME WITHOUT TREATMENT.
• MEDICATIONS USED TO TREAT BREAST CANCER
MAY BE HELPFUL FOR MEN WITH
GYNECOMASTIA. IT INCLUDE:
• TAMOXIFEN
• AROMATASE INHIBITORS (SUCH AS
ANASTROZOLE)
 SURGERY:-
• MASTECTOMY:- THIS TYPE OF SURGERY
REMOVES THE BREAST GLAND TISSUE. THE
SURGERY IS OFTEN DONE USING ONLY SMALL
INCISIONS.

20. BREAST SELF EXAMINATION
(BSE)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WipfLU6Ztwk