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Breast Disorders
- 1. DISORDERS OF BREAST By, Ahmed Sodha M.Sc.(N). – M.S.N.
- 6. DEFINITION:- MASTITIS IS AN INFLAMMATION OF BREAST TISSUE CHARACTERIZED BY BREAST PAIN, SWELLING, WARMTH, REDNESS & FEVER. MASTITIS MOST COMMONLY AFFECTS WOMEN WHO ARE BREASTFEEDING (LATATION MASTITIS). ETIOLOGY / RISK FACTORS:- • BACTERIA (STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS, STREPTOCOCCUS, E.COLI, MYCOBACTERIA) • FUNGI (CANDIDA) • BLOCKED MILK DUCTS IN BREAST (MILK STASIS) • CRACKS ON NIPPLES OR SORE ON NIPPLES • INJURY TO BREAST • NIPPLE PIERCING
- 7. TYPES:- 1. PUERPERAL MASTITIS:- WHEN MASTITIS OCCURS IN BREASTFEEDING MOTHERS. ITS ALSO KNOWN AS LACTATION MASTITIS OR LACTATIONAL MASTITIS. 2. NONPUERPERAL MASTITIS:- WHEN MASTITIS OCCURS IN NON BREASTFEEDING MOTHERS. ITS ALSO KNOWN AS NONLACTATION MASTITIS OR NONLACTATIONAL MASTITIS.
- 8. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS:- • SWELLING OF THE BREAST • TENDERNESS • BREAST PAIN (MASTODYNIA OR MAMMALGIA) • SKIN REDNESS • THE AFFECTED BREAST LOOK LUMPY & RED • FATIGUE DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION:- • HISTORY COLLECTION • PHYSICAL EXAMINATION • CHEST X-RAY • MAMOGRAPHY • BREAST ULTRASOUND • BREAST MRI
- 9. TREATMENT:- • ANTIBIOTIC DRUGS • ANALGESICS (ACETAMINOPHEN, IBUPROFEN) OTHER :- • TRYING INFANT LATCHES CORRECTLY • MASSAGING OR PUMPING THE BREAST WHILE BREAST FEEDING • MAKE SURE BREAST DRAINS COMPLETELY DURING BREAST FEEDING • APPLY COOL COMPRESSES OR ICE PACKS TO YOUR BREAST AFTER BREAST-FEEDING
- 10. BREAST ABSCESS (બ્રેસ્ટ એબ્સેસ)
- 11. DEFINITION:- “WHEN A POCKET OF PUS FORMS IN THE BREAST IS KNOWN AS A BREAST ABSCESS.” • SOMETIMES A BACTERIAL INFECTION CAN CAUSE PUS COLLECTION. • BREAST ABSCESS CAN BE PAINFUL & REQUIRES URGENT MEDICAL TREATMENT TO AVOID COMPLICATIONS. ETIOLOGY / RISK FACTORS:- • BACTERIA (STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS, STREPTOCOCCUS, E.COLI, MYCOBACTERIA) • FUNGI (CANDIDA) • BLOCKED MILK DUCTS IN BREAST (MILK STASIS) • SECONDARY TO MASTITIS • INJURY TO BREAST
- 12. TYPES:- 1. LACTATIONAL (PUERPERAL) ABSCESS:- WHEN ABSCESS FORMATION IN BREAST FEEDING WOMEN ITS CALLED AS LACTATIONAL ABSCESS. 2. NON LACTATIONAL ABSCESS:- WHEN ABSCESS FORMATION IN NON BREAST FEEDING WOMEN ITS CALLED AS NON LACTATIONAL ABSCESS.
- 13. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS:- • SWELLING OF THE BREAST • TENDERNESS • PAIN IN AFFECTED BREAST • SKIN REDNESS • THE AFFECTED BREAST LOOK LUMPY & RED • NIPPLE DISCHARGE DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION:- • HISTORY COLLECTION • PHYSICAL EXAMINATION • CHEST X-RAY • MAMOGRAPHY • BREAST ULTRASOUND • BREAST MRI
- 14. TREATMENT:- • ANTIBIOTIC DRUGS • ANALGESICS (ACETAMINOPHEN, IBUPROFEN) • DRAIN THE PUS WITH SYRINGE OR THROUGH INCISION OTHER :- • DO NOT BREAST FEED WITH INFECTED BREAST. • AFTER BREAST FEEDING CLEAN THE NIPPLES & AREOLAE WITH STERILISED WIPES. • KEEP THE BREAST CLEAN DAILY BY SOAP & WATER. • APPLY WARM COMPRESSES.
- 16. DEFINITION:- • “GYNECOMASTIA IS DEFINED AS AN INCREASE IN THE AMOUNT OF BREAST GLAND TISSUE IN BOYS OR MEN.” • IT’S CAUSED BY AN IMBALANCE OF THE HORMONES ESTROGEN AND TESTOSTERONE. • GYNECOMASTIA CAN AFFECT ONE OR BOTH BREASTS. • GENERALLY, GYNECOMASTIA ISN'T A SERIOUS PROBLEM, BUT IT CAN BE TOUGH TO COPE WITH THE CONDITION. • MEN AND BOYS WITH GYNECOMASTIA SOMETIMES HAVE PAIN IN THEIR BREASTS AND MAY FEEL EMBARRASSED.
- 17. ETIOLOGY / RISK FACTORS:- • DECREASE TESTOSTERONE HORMONES COMPARED WOTH ESTROGEN. • USE OF ANABOLIC STREOIDS (USE TO ENHANCE ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE)
- 18. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS:- • SWELLING OF THE BREAST • BREAST TENDERNESS OR PAIN DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION:- • HISTORY COLLECTION • PHYSICAL EXAMINATION • BLOOD TEST • CHEST X-RAY • BREAST ULTRASOUND • BREAST MRI
- 19. TREATMENT:- • MOST CASES OF GYNECOMASTIA RESOLVE OVER TIME WITHOUT TREATMENT. • MEDICATIONS USED TO TREAT BREAST CANCER MAY BE HELPFUL FOR MEN WITH GYNECOMASTIA. IT INCLUDE: • TAMOXIFEN • AROMATASE INHIBITORS (SUCH AS ANASTROZOLE) SURGERY:- • MASTECTOMY:- THIS TYPE OF SURGERY REMOVES THE BREAST GLAND TISSUE. THE SURGERY IS OFTEN DONE USING ONLY SMALL INCISIONS.