The document summarizes information about breast cancer, including:
1) Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that starts in the breast cells and can spread to other parts of the body. Countries with high rates include the U.S. and other Western nations.
2) Risk increases with age, from less than 1% for women ages 30-39 to over 3.7% for women ages 60-69. Diet, stress, and lifestyle factors like obesity may also impact risk.
3) Breast cancer is diagnosed through screening or when lumps or other abnormalities are detected. Treatment depends on cancer stage and may involve surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, or a combination. Regular self-
1 in 8 women will develop breast cancer in their lifetime. Breast cancer will claim more than 40,000 American lives in the year 2015. It is Myriad's mission to inform the world that we can save lives by becoming educated and proactive about breast cancer. For every day of October, Myriad presents a new fact or way to become involved in supporting the cause against breast cancer.
1 in 8 women will develop breast cancer in their lifetime. Breast cancer will claim more than 40,000 American lives in the year 2015. It is Myriad's mission to inform the world that we can save lives by becoming educated and proactive about breast cancer. For every day of October, Myriad presents a new fact or way to become involved in supporting the cause against breast cancer.
Raising Awareness And Understanding of Breast CancerBanupriyaMBBSMD
October month is the Breast Cancer Awareness Month.
Breast cancer is cancer that occurs in the breast tissue. Signs of breast cancer may include a change in breast shape, fluid coming from the nipple, a lump in the breast,a newly-inverted nipple, or a red or scaly patch of skin. The most common types of breast cancer are Invasive lobular carcinoma and invasive ductal carcinoma.
October is 'Breast Cancer Awareness' month. Cancer is scary but we can fight it. With a little bit of proactive action and awareness, you and I may be able to save lives. Do spread the word and help make the world a better place.
DETAILS ABOUT THE VARIOUS SIGNS & SYMPTOMS OF BREAST CANCER INCLUDING PRIMARY AS WELL SERIOUS SYMPTOMS. IMPORTANCE OF THESE SIGNS & SYMPTOMS FOR THE TREATMENT OF BREAST CANCER.
Breast cancer :-
is a disease in which cells in the breast grow out of control. There are different kinds of breast cancer. The kind of breast cancer depends on which cells in the breast turn into cancer.
Breast cancer can begin in different parts of the breast:
1- Lobule (the glands that produce milk).
2- Ducts (tubes that carry milk to the nipple).
3- Connective tissue (which consists of fibrous and fatty tissue)( surrounds and holds everything together) .
*Most breast cancers begin in the ducts or lobules.
*Breast cancer can spread outside the breast through blood vessels and lymph vessels.
breast cancer
cancer
epidemiology
community medicine
awareness of breast cancer
سرطان الثدي
وبائيات سرطان الثدي
epidemiology of breast cancer
prevention of breast cancer
risk factors of breast cancer
epidemiology of breast cancer in iraq
sign and symptoms of breast cancer
location of breast cancer
Breast cancer is cancer that forms in the cells of the breasts. After skin cancer, breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women in the United States. Breast cancer can occur in both men and women, but it's far more common in women.
Breast cancer is the most important medical challenge that we are facing in present time. I want to focus on the breast cancer after taking about normal anatomy and development of the breast. I will concern about: 1. what is the breast cancer! 2. Clinical features 3. How to detect 4. Management and prognosis.
I want to work and keep researching on Breast cancer to find the remedy to save lives.
Raising Awareness And Understanding of Breast CancerBanupriyaMBBSMD
October month is the Breast Cancer Awareness Month.
Breast cancer is cancer that occurs in the breast tissue. Signs of breast cancer may include a change in breast shape, fluid coming from the nipple, a lump in the breast,a newly-inverted nipple, or a red or scaly patch of skin. The most common types of breast cancer are Invasive lobular carcinoma and invasive ductal carcinoma.
October is 'Breast Cancer Awareness' month. Cancer is scary but we can fight it. With a little bit of proactive action and awareness, you and I may be able to save lives. Do spread the word and help make the world a better place.
DETAILS ABOUT THE VARIOUS SIGNS & SYMPTOMS OF BREAST CANCER INCLUDING PRIMARY AS WELL SERIOUS SYMPTOMS. IMPORTANCE OF THESE SIGNS & SYMPTOMS FOR THE TREATMENT OF BREAST CANCER.
Breast cancer :-
is a disease in which cells in the breast grow out of control. There are different kinds of breast cancer. The kind of breast cancer depends on which cells in the breast turn into cancer.
Breast cancer can begin in different parts of the breast:
1- Lobule (the glands that produce milk).
2- Ducts (tubes that carry milk to the nipple).
3- Connective tissue (which consists of fibrous and fatty tissue)( surrounds and holds everything together) .
*Most breast cancers begin in the ducts or lobules.
*Breast cancer can spread outside the breast through blood vessels and lymph vessels.
breast cancer
cancer
epidemiology
community medicine
awareness of breast cancer
سرطان الثدي
وبائيات سرطان الثدي
epidemiology of breast cancer
prevention of breast cancer
risk factors of breast cancer
epidemiology of breast cancer in iraq
sign and symptoms of breast cancer
location of breast cancer
Breast cancer is cancer that forms in the cells of the breasts. After skin cancer, breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women in the United States. Breast cancer can occur in both men and women, but it's far more common in women.
Breast cancer is the most important medical challenge that we are facing in present time. I want to focus on the breast cancer after taking about normal anatomy and development of the breast. I will concern about: 1. what is the breast cancer! 2. Clinical features 3. How to detect 4. Management and prognosis.
I want to work and keep researching on Breast cancer to find the remedy to save lives.
cancer of breast , this slide cointains detailed information about the breast cancer that is definition, causes and risk factor, sign and symptoms, management of patient with cancer , giving psychological support .treatment
Awareness session on breast cancer awareness on 21st oct 2021 at Mehran university, Jamshoro organized by American institute of Chemical engineering society AIChE MUET chapter
Myths And Facts About Breast Cancer.
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in the world, with around 2.26 million new cases diagnosed each year. With around 0.7 million fatalities per year worldwide, it is one of the major causes of death among female cancer patients. It is quite common in those aged 25 to 70, with peak prevalence in women aged 50 to 69.
Breast cancer occurs when a pre-cancerous tumour progresses to a malignant tumour in a multi-stage process that is triggered by abnormal and uncontrolled growth of normal cells. These abnormalities are brought on by physical carcinogens (ultraviolet and ionising radiation), chemical carcinogens (alcohol, aflatoxin, tobacco smoke), and biological carcinogens (viral infections, bacteria, or parasites). Breast cancer risk is also increased by genetic factors. 5 to 10% of breast cancer instances are caused by genetic abnormalities passed down through a family’s generations.
Breast Cancer – Types, Causes, Symptoms and PreventionHashmi Healthcares
It is the fact that, due to the breast cancer thousands of women die around the world. To be specific, The American Cancer Society estimates, 40,920 women will die, 266,120 new cases of invasive breast cancer and 63,960 Non-invasive will be diagnosed alone in America in 2018. Now, you can know how dangerous breast cancer is and how important to diagnose and prevent it before it overcomes you.
Criteria I – Introduction (4 points)1. Describe the common comCruzIbarra161
Criteria I – Introduction (4 points)
1. Describe the common complaint/problem selected- breast cancer
2. Discuss the pathophysiology of the common complaint/problem.
3. Detail the necessary review of systems and what would be seen on physical examination for this complaint/problem.
4. Provide rationale from the literature to support your work.
In the United State, breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among female. Breast cancer ranks second (after lung cancer) as a cause of cancer death in women. In 2016, around 245, 229 new cases of female breast cases reported, and 41,487 women died of this disease (CDC, 2019). In 2018, approximately 63,960 cases of in situ disease and 266,120 cases of invasive disease were diagnosed.1 About 40,920 breast cancer-related deaths occurred in 2018, which represents 6.7% of all cancer-related deaths.2 Female breast cancer is most common in middle-aged and older women; median age at diagnosis is 62 years.2 In 2016, more than 3.5 mil- lion women were breast cancer survivors.3 The lifetime risk of developing breast cancer in the United States is 12.4% (1 in 8 women ). (ACS, 2019)
Breast cancer mortality was 41% higher among black women (29.2 deaths per 100,000 population) than white women (20.6 deaths per 100,000 population). Breast cancer death rates decreased during 2010–2014 among both blacks and whites, although differences in trends by race and age were found. Overall, breast cancer death rates decreased faster among white women (-1.9% per year) compared with black women (-1.5% per year). Among women aged <50 years, breast cancer death rates decreased at the same pace among black and white women, whereas white women aged ≥50 years had significantly larger decreases. The largest difference by race was observed among women aged 60–69 years: breast cancer death rates decreased 2.0% per year among white women compared with 1.0% among black women. Death rates from breast cancer have been declining since about 1990, in part due to better screening and early detection, increased awareness, and continually improving treatment options, decline in prescriptive hormone replacement therapy after menopause. (ACS, 2019).
Breast cancer is a disease in which cells in the breast grow out of control. The majority of breast cancers (95%) are sporadic; only a small proportion, particularly those diagnosed in young women, are due to a highly penetrant autosomal-dominant trait. Over the past 5 years there has been consider- able progress in the identification and localization of the genes responsible for hereditary breast cancer. Two in particular have grabbed the headlines; these are BRCA1 and BRCA2. Subtypes of breast cancer include those driven by specific hormones, such as estrogen, progestogen or the protein HER2. Sixty percent of breast cancers are estrogen positive. Twenty percent of breast cancers are HER2-positive. Another 20 percent are triple-negative breast cancers, a type of breast cancer that tes ...
Gainful Human Empowerment Reform in Managerial EngineeringIJASRD Journal
This paper describes the corporate-wide approach to gainful human empowerment reform at engineering. Gainful policy is a part of gainful human empowerment reform. The gainful human empowerment reform is a culture-specific human empowerment reform style that is prevalent in managerial engineering. Gainful human empowerment reform, referring to the internal systematic approach of the organization’s human empowerment reform to strive for daintiness performance excellence, and gainful policy referring to all those measures through which one creates and strengthens confidence and trust in outsiders, especially customers, towards the organization’s abilities and products. The daintiness managers are those who inspire followers to transcend their own self-interests, and who are capable of having a profound and extraordinary effect on their followers. The paper reviews the daintiness strategy implementation, strategic control, daintiness metrics, and daintiness channels.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
Breast cancer
1. MADLANGSAKAY, MICAH LOIS T. CLASS #: 10
BS BIOLOGY 3B DECEMBER 12,2012
Breast Cancer
Breast Cancer
Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that starts in the cells of the breast. A malignant tumor is a group of
cancer cells that can grow into (invade) surrounding tissues or spread (metastasize) to distant areas of the
body. The disease occurs almost entirely in women, but men can get it, too.
Reference: http://www.cancer.org/cancer/breastcancer/detailedguide/breast-cancer-what-is-breast-cancer
Countries with High Risk
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in women, with proper screening and early
detection many breast cancer deaths can be avoided. Sage is a life saving program in Minnesota that provides
access to the early detection of breast and cervical cancer and treatment for women who lack adequate
health insurance. Since 1991, it has served over 118,722 Minnesota women and detected 11,471 breast and
cervical cancers. Currently in Minnesota, only 3 in 5 women eligible for Sage are getting their mammogram or
pap smear.
Reference: http://www.acscan.org/action/mn/campaigns/shieldsage/
Age Group
The absolute risk of developing breast cancer during a particular decade of life is lower than 1 in 8. The
younger you are, the lower the risk. For example:
From age 30 to 39, absolute risk is 1 in 233, or 0.43%. This means that 1 in 233 women in this age group
can expect to develop breast cancer. Put another way, your odds of developing breast cancer if you are in
this age range are 1 in 233.
From age 40 to 49, absolute risk is 1 in 69, or 1.4%.
From age 50 to 59, absolute risk is 1 in 38, or 2.6%.
From age 60 to 69, absolute risk is 1 in 27, or 3.7%.
Reference: http://www.breastcancer.org/symptoms/understand_bc/risk/understanding
2. Diet and Stress
Sept. 24, 2003 (Copenhagen, Denmark) -- As if life isn't stressful enough, Swedish researchers say that
being under stress maydouble a woman's risk of developingbreast cancer.
They based their findings on surveys of more than 1,400 Swedish women in the late 1960s who were
part of a long-term health-care study.
The women, who were reported to be a representative sample of the Swedish population, were asked
to fill out a health survey, which included a question about stress, asking whether at any time in the last five
years they had experienced a feeling of stress for a month or more.
Examples of stressful situations the women might have encountered were tension, fear, anxiety,
or sleep disturbances related to family or work problems. Because the question about stress was only one of
many different questions asked at the time, the researchers felt that their answers would probably have
accurately reflected the way they felt at the time, says OestenHelgesson, MD, a physician in the department of
primary health care at Gothenburg University.
They found that women who reported being under stress had twice the risk of developing breast
cancer as women who managed to stay cool, calm, and collected. This twofold risk held up even when they
took into account other factors that might explain the increased risk for breast cancer, such as family history
of cancer, alcohol use, body weight, smoking, and factors related to reproduction, such as the age when
women first had their periods, the age they were when they had their first baby, and the age they were they
began menopause.
The type of fat one consumes may affect the risk of breast cancer. Some studies have shown that
intake of monounsaturated fats (olive and canola oils) can decrease the risk of breast cancer. Other studies
have shown that teen females that consume a high fat diet have an increased risk of breast cancer when they
become post-menopausal. More studies need to be completed to fully understand the impact that dietary fat
has on the risk of breast cancer development.
Reference: http://www.webmd.com/breast-cancer/news/20030924/does-stress-cause-breast-
cancerhttp://www.webmd.com/breast-cancer/news/20030924/does-stress-cause-breast-cancer
http://www.sharecare.com/question/how-fat-diet-breast-cancer?utm_medium=sharecare
Clinical Manifestations (Signs and Symptoms)
Generally, breast cancers are not painful and women do not feel unwell with them.
Breast cancer is now commonly diagnosed by breast screening in women who have no symptoms.
Approximately 6 in every 1000 women between the ages of 50 and 64 who attend for screening will be
found to have breast cancer the first time they attend screening.
A lump in the breast. In many cases, the woman herself will first suspect the disease because she notices
a lump or an area of lumpiness or irregularity in her breast tissue. This may happen when she is
examining her breasts or while washing or applying lotion to her breasts, or the lump may be visible.
Other signs of breast cancer include the following.
3. A change in the skin: there is often dimpling or indentation of the skin with the formation of wrinkles. The
nipple might be pulled in or there may be a discharge from the nipple.
Occasionally the nipple itself changes. A rash can affect the nipple or the nipple may weep.
The breast may swell and become red and inflamed or the skin may change and become like the skin of an
orange. In some breast cancers this is due to a blockage of the drainage of fluid from the breast.
Patients sometimes present with a lump under the arm, which is a sign that the cancer has spread to the
lymph glands.
References: http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/diseases/facts/breastcancer.htm#ixzz2Eq7m48jh
Progression ( Stages)
Stage 0
Stage 0 is used to describe non-invasive breast cancers, such asDCIS (ductal carcinoma in situ). In stage 0,
there is no evidence of cancer cells or non-cancerous abnormal cells breaking out of the part of the breast in
which they started, or getting through to or invading neighboring normal tissue.
Stage I
Stage I describes invasive breast cancer (cancer cells are breaking through to or invading normal surrounding
breast tissue) Stage I is divided into subcategories known as IA and IB.
Stage IA describes invasive breast cancer in which:
the tumor measures up to 2 cm AND
the cancer has not spread outside the breast; no lymph nodes are involved
Stage IB describes invasive breast cancer in which:
there is no tumor in the breast; instead, small groups of cancer cells – larger than 0.2 millimeter but not
larger than 2 millimeters – are found in the lymph nodes, OR
there is a tumor in the breast that is no larger than 2 centimeters, and there are small groups of cancer
cells – larger than 0.2 millimeter but not larger than 2 millimeters – in the lymph nodes.
Microscopic invasion is possible in stage I breast cancer. In microscopic invasion, the cancer cells have just
started to invade the tissue outside the lining of the duct or lobule, but the invading cancer cells can't measure
more than 1 mm.
Stage II
Stage II is divided into subcategories known as IIA and IIB.
4. Stage IIA describes invasive breast cancer in which:
no tumor can be found in the breast, but cancer cells are found in the lymph nodes under the arm
(axillary) OR
the tumor measures 2 cm or smaller and has spread to the axillary lymph nodes OR
the tumor is larger than 2 cm but not larger than 5 cm and has not spread to the axillary lymph nodes
Stage IIB describes invasive breast cancer in which:
the tumor is larger than 2 cm but no larger than 5 cm and has spread to the axillary lymph nodes OR
the tumor is larger than 5 cm but has not spread to the axillary lymph nodes
Stage III
Stage III is divided into subcategories known as IIIA, IIIB, and IIIC.
Stage IIIA describes invasive breast cancer in which either:
no tumor is found, but cancer is found in axillary lymph nodes, which are clumped together or sticking to
other structures, or cancer may have spread to lymph nodes near the breastbone OR
the cancer is any size and has spread to axillary lymph nodes, which are clumped together or sticking to
other structures
Stage IIIB describes invasive breast cancer in which:
the cancer may be any size and has spread to the chest wall and/or skin of the breast AND
may have spread to axillary lymph nodes, which are clumped together or sticking to other structures, or
cancer may have spread to lymph nodes near the breastbone
Inflammatory breast cancer is considered at least stage IIIB. Typical features of inflammatory breast cancer
include:
reddening of a large portion of the breast skin
the breast feels warm and may be swollen
cancer cells have spread to the lymph nodes and may be found in the skin
Stage IIIC describes invasive breast cancer in which:
there may be no sign of cancer in the breast or, if there is a tumor, it may be any size and may have
spread to the chest wall and/or the skin of the breast AND
5. the cancer has spread to lymph nodes above or below the collarbone AND
the cancer may have spread to axillary lymph nodes or to lymph nodes near the breastbone
Stage IV
Stage IV describes invasive breast cancer that has spread beyond the breast and nearby lymph nodes to other
organs of the body, such as the lungs, distant lymph nodes, skin, bones, liver, or brain.
You may hear the words “advanced” and “metastatic” used to describe stage IV breast cancer. Cancer may be
stage IV at first diagnosis or it can be a recurrence of a previous breast cancer that has spread to other parts of
the body.
Learn about what treatments you can generally expect according to cancer stage in the Options by Cancer
Stage section in Planning Your Treatment.
TNM staging system
TNM (Tumor, Node, Metastasis) is another staging system researchers use to provide more details
about how the cancer looks and behaves. Your doctor might mention the TNM classification for your case, but
he or she is much more likely to use the numerical staging system. Sometimes clinical trials require TNM
information from participants, so talk to your doctor if you are considering participation in a clinical trial.
The TNM system is based on three characteristics:
size (T stands for tumor)
lymph node involvement (N stands for node)
whether the cancer has metastasized (M stands for metastasis), or moved beyond the breast to other
parts of the body.
The T (size) category describes the original (primary) tumor:
TX means the tumor can't be measured or found.
T0 means there isn't any evidence of the primary tumor.
Tis means the cancer is "in situ" (the tumor has not started growing into healthy breast tissue).
T1, T2, T3, T4: These numbers are based on the size of the tumor and the extent to which it has grown
into neighboring breast tissue. The higher the T number, the larger the tumor and/or the more it may
have grown into the breast tissue.
6. The N (lymph node involvement) category describes whether or not the cancer has reached nearby lymph
nodes:
NX means the nearby lymph nodes can't be measured or found.
N0 means nearby lymph nodes do not contain cancer.
N1, N2, N3: These numbers are based on the number of lymph nodes involved and how much cancer is
found in them. The higher the N number, the greater the extent of the lymph node involvement.
The M (metastasis) category tells whether or not there is evidence that the cancer has traveled to other parts
of the body:
MX means metastasis can't be measured or found.
M0 means there is no distant metastasis.
M1 means that distant metastasis is present.
Once the pathologist knows your T, N, and M characteristics, he or she can use them to assign a stage
to the cancer. For example, a T1 N0 M0 breast cancer would mean that the primary breast tumor is less than 2
centimeters across (T1), has not involved the lymph nodes (N0), and has not spread to distant parts of the
body (M0). This cancer would be grouped as stage I.
References:http://www.breastcancer.org/symptoms/diagnosis/staging#tnm
Lethality
Incidence Rates by Race
Race/Ethnicity Female
All Races 124.3 per 100,000 women
White 127.3 per 100,000 women
Black 121.2 per 100,000 women
Asian/Pacific Islander 94.5 per 100,000 women
American Indian/Alaska Native a 80.6 per 100,000 women
Hispanic b 92.7 per 100,000 women
References:http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/breast.html
Cure and Prevention
There are two methods of treatment - local and systemic.
Local treatments are used to remove or destroy the cancer cells in a specific
area. Surgery and Radiation therapy are examples of local treatments.
7. Systemic treatments are used to destroy or control cancer cells all over the
body. Chemotherapy and hormonal therapyexamples of systemic treatments.
The right treatment method, however, depends on the size and location of the breast tumor; the
results of the pathologist’ s review of the tumor specimen, the woman's age, menopausal status, and general
health; and the stage of the disease.
Surgery is the most common treatment for breast cancer. There are two types: breast-sparing surgery
and mastectomy. Breast-sparing surgery, also known as lumpectomy or partialmastectomy, removes the
cancerous lump but not the entire breast. The other type of surgery that is commonly performed in breast
cancer is called a mastectomy. In this procedure, the entire breast is removed. Systemic treatments
Local treatments remove cancerous cells from the breast and under arm lymph nodes
There are two primary kinds of adjuvant systemic treatments:
Chemotherapy drugs are medications that kill rapidly growing cells such as cancer cells. These drugs
can be given either by mouth or intravenously. Chemotherapy medications are very powerful and can have
many side effects. In general, chemotherapy is used for large tumors or for cancers that have spread to the
under arm lymph nodes.
Hormone therapy is used to prevent cancer cells from getting the hormones they need to
grow. Prevention of Breast Cancer
Examine Your Breasts Every Month Beginning At Age 20 (see your doctor for self breast exam instructions).
Check for: new lump (painful or not), unusual thickening of tissue, discharge from the nipples, change in the
skin of nipples or breasts, or different breast size or shape than before.
Have Your Doctor Examine Your Breasts Every Year Or Two Beginning At Age 30
Have A Mammogram Every Year After Age 40
References:http://www.healthscout.com/ency/1/329/main.html