Breast cancer :-
is a disease in which cells in the breast grow out of control. There are different kinds of breast cancer. The kind of breast cancer depends on which cells in the breast turn into cancer.
Breast cancer can begin in different parts of the breast:
1- Lobule (the glands that produce milk).
2- Ducts (tubes that carry milk to the nipple).
3- Connective tissue (which consists of fibrous and fatty tissue)( surrounds and holds everything together) .
*Most breast cancers begin in the ducts or lobules.
*Breast cancer can spread outside the breast through blood vessels and lymph vessels.
Well, knowing one’s risk towards a breast cancer helps to screen for it and detect it early in case it does occur. Breast cancer risk factors can be of the following types:
Inherent or unchangeable
Environmental
Behavioural
Why go for Early Breast Cancer Screening?Anita Arora
In cases of breast cancer there are numerous inevitable factors that lead to its onset like aging, genetic disorders and gender. Being a female is a big risk factor as the presence of estrogen and progesterone can result in breast cancer cells growth. In such cases early detection and breast cancer screening goes a long way in ensuring that the patient can undergo a successful treatment.
Breast cancer :-
is a disease in which cells in the breast grow out of control. There are different kinds of breast cancer. The kind of breast cancer depends on which cells in the breast turn into cancer.
Breast cancer can begin in different parts of the breast:
1- Lobule (the glands that produce milk).
2- Ducts (tubes that carry milk to the nipple).
3- Connective tissue (which consists of fibrous and fatty tissue)( surrounds and holds everything together) .
*Most breast cancers begin in the ducts or lobules.
*Breast cancer can spread outside the breast through blood vessels and lymph vessels.
Well, knowing one’s risk towards a breast cancer helps to screen for it and detect it early in case it does occur. Breast cancer risk factors can be of the following types:
Inherent or unchangeable
Environmental
Behavioural
Why go for Early Breast Cancer Screening?Anita Arora
In cases of breast cancer there are numerous inevitable factors that lead to its onset like aging, genetic disorders and gender. Being a female is a big risk factor as the presence of estrogen and progesterone can result in breast cancer cells growth. In such cases early detection and breast cancer screening goes a long way in ensuring that the patient can undergo a successful treatment.
An update (2019) on breast cancer risk factors and the ways to reduce the risk.
Breast awareness campaign for October Breast Cancer Awareness month 2019 at Al Hammadi Hospital, Nuzha, Riyadh, KSA.
شهر اكتوبر تشرين الاول من كل عام هو شهر التعريف عن سرطان الثدي العالمي
مستشفى الحمادي النزهة في الرياض المملكة العربية السعودية تقوم سنويا بهذا الشهر بالتوعية بالمرض لخدمة مرضاها و عوائلهم
نحن بعون الله نرعاكم
Prof. Arif Rashid Khawaja
FRCS(Ed), FRCS(Breast and Gen Surg)
Consultant Oncoplastic Breast Surgeon.
Member NCCN (USA)Breast Cancer Guideline Committee, MENA Region.
Director, Center for Innovation in Learning and Teaching (CILT), UHS.
Breast cancer is cancer that forms in the cells of the breasts. After skin cancer, breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women in the United States. Breast cancer can occur in both men and women, but it's far more common in women.
An update (2019) on breast cancer risk factors and the ways to reduce the risk.
Breast awareness campaign for October Breast Cancer Awareness month 2019 at Al Hammadi Hospital, Nuzha, Riyadh, KSA.
شهر اكتوبر تشرين الاول من كل عام هو شهر التعريف عن سرطان الثدي العالمي
مستشفى الحمادي النزهة في الرياض المملكة العربية السعودية تقوم سنويا بهذا الشهر بالتوعية بالمرض لخدمة مرضاها و عوائلهم
نحن بعون الله نرعاكم
Prof. Arif Rashid Khawaja
FRCS(Ed), FRCS(Breast and Gen Surg)
Consultant Oncoplastic Breast Surgeon.
Member NCCN (USA)Breast Cancer Guideline Committee, MENA Region.
Director, Center for Innovation in Learning and Teaching (CILT), UHS.
Breast cancer is cancer that forms in the cells of the breasts. After skin cancer, breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women in the United States. Breast cancer can occur in both men and women, but it's far more common in women.
About this webinar:
Breast radiologist Dr. Paula Gordon will discuss the optimal strategy for achieving early detection of breast cancer. She will also describe the flawed process used in making Canadian breast screening guidelines, impacting millions of women. Patient advocate Jennie Dale from Dense Breasts Canada will look at the inequities in breast cancer screening and surveillance practices in Canada. She will also explore ways to advocate for better screening and surveillance.
About the presenters:
Dr. Paula Gordon is a Clinical Professor in the Department of Radiology at the University of British Columbia, and has been practicing for over 35 years. She is Founding Medical Director of the Sadie Diamond Breast Program at BC Women’s Hospital, and a founding member of the Canadian Society of Breast Imaging. She’s given hundreds of lectures at meetings around the globe. She received a Queen Elizabeth Diamond Jubilee Medal, and was invested in the Order of British Columbia. She was named one of Canada’s 100 Most Powerful Women by the Women’s Executive Network.
Jennie Dale is the Co-founder and Executive Director of Dense Breasts Canada (DBC). She was diagnosed with breast cancer in October 2014. Inspired by the successful advocacy and education efforts of similar American organizations, Jennie co-founded DBC with Michelle Di Tomaso in 2016. They teamed up with breast cancer survivors, dedicated individuals, and health care professionals nationwide to raise awareness of the risks of dense breasts and advocate for patient notification of breast density and access to supplemental screening. She is fighting for necessary revisions to the current Canadian Task Force breast cancer screening guidelines, which put women's lives at risk. In 2021, Jennie was named a top 5 finalist in Charity Village's awards in the category of Most Outstanding Impact by a Volunteer.
Criteria I – Introduction (4 points)1. Describe the common comCruzIbarra161
Criteria I – Introduction (4 points)
1. Describe the common complaint/problem selected- breast cancer
2. Discuss the pathophysiology of the common complaint/problem.
3. Detail the necessary review of systems and what would be seen on physical examination for this complaint/problem.
4. Provide rationale from the literature to support your work.
In the United State, breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among female. Breast cancer ranks second (after lung cancer) as a cause of cancer death in women. In 2016, around 245, 229 new cases of female breast cases reported, and 41,487 women died of this disease (CDC, 2019). In 2018, approximately 63,960 cases of in situ disease and 266,120 cases of invasive disease were diagnosed.1 About 40,920 breast cancer-related deaths occurred in 2018, which represents 6.7% of all cancer-related deaths.2 Female breast cancer is most common in middle-aged and older women; median age at diagnosis is 62 years.2 In 2016, more than 3.5 mil- lion women were breast cancer survivors.3 The lifetime risk of developing breast cancer in the United States is 12.4% (1 in 8 women ). (ACS, 2019)
Breast cancer mortality was 41% higher among black women (29.2 deaths per 100,000 population) than white women (20.6 deaths per 100,000 population). Breast cancer death rates decreased during 2010–2014 among both blacks and whites, although differences in trends by race and age were found. Overall, breast cancer death rates decreased faster among white women (-1.9% per year) compared with black women (-1.5% per year). Among women aged <50 years, breast cancer death rates decreased at the same pace among black and white women, whereas white women aged ≥50 years had significantly larger decreases. The largest difference by race was observed among women aged 60–69 years: breast cancer death rates decreased 2.0% per year among white women compared with 1.0% among black women. Death rates from breast cancer have been declining since about 1990, in part due to better screening and early detection, increased awareness, and continually improving treatment options, decline in prescriptive hormone replacement therapy after menopause. (ACS, 2019).
Breast cancer is a disease in which cells in the breast grow out of control. The majority of breast cancers (95%) are sporadic; only a small proportion, particularly those diagnosed in young women, are due to a highly penetrant autosomal-dominant trait. Over the past 5 years there has been consider- able progress in the identification and localization of the genes responsible for hereditary breast cancer. Two in particular have grabbed the headlines; these are BRCA1 and BRCA2. Subtypes of breast cancer include those driven by specific hormones, such as estrogen, progestogen or the protein HER2. Sixty percent of breast cancers are estrogen positive. Twenty percent of breast cancers are HER2-positive. Another 20 percent are triple-negative breast cancers, a type of breast cancer that tes ...
For information of chronic disease
. very common these days and required early detection and cure.
for education purpose
.this is simplify version of very important but complex topic .
This is only prevented by early detection and cure .
By identifying red flags of disease first we can detect high group .by targeting high risk group we will be able to detect and treat disease with less resources.
A presentation looking at breast health and BreastScreen Victoria. The presentation covers breast cancer, risks of breast cancer, breast awareness and the BreastScreen Victoria pathway.
Myths And Facts About Breast Cancer.
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in the world, with around 2.26 million new cases diagnosed each year. With around 0.7 million fatalities per year worldwide, it is one of the major causes of death among female cancer patients. It is quite common in those aged 25 to 70, with peak prevalence in women aged 50 to 69.
Breast cancer occurs when a pre-cancerous tumour progresses to a malignant tumour in a multi-stage process that is triggered by abnormal and uncontrolled growth of normal cells. These abnormalities are brought on by physical carcinogens (ultraviolet and ionising radiation), chemical carcinogens (alcohol, aflatoxin, tobacco smoke), and biological carcinogens (viral infections, bacteria, or parasites). Breast cancer risk is also increased by genetic factors. 5 to 10% of breast cancer instances are caused by genetic abnormalities passed down through a family’s generations.
October is 'Breast Cancer Awareness' month. Cancer is scary but we can fight it. With a little bit of proactive action and awareness, you and I may be able to save lives. Do spread the word and help make the world a better place.
Breast Cancer for public awareness by Dr RubzDr. Rubz
A presentation prepared for Charity Dinner with Fun Charity. All the profits of the event will go to FReHA (a NGO which supports women's and reproductive health.)
The management of stoma constitute an important aspect of Surgical Nursing.
General staff Nurses that work in surgical ward is expected to have some practical knowledge of stoma therapy.
Some institutions have specialist stoma therapy nurses
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
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1. Breast Cancer
• Dr Abd Hamid Mat Sain
• Consultant Surgeon
• ColumbiaAsia Hospital
• Seremban
2.
3. The Cancer Incidence in Peninsular Malaysia
2003-2005 report, published by the National
Cancer Registry (NCR), states that the total;
67,792 new cases were diagnosed among
29,596 males (43.7 per cent) and 38,196
females (56.3 per cent).
The annual crude rate;
100.2 persons per 100,000 for males
132.1 persons per 100,000 for females.
4.
5.
6. All women are at risk when it comes to
breast cancer,
but no one knows what exactly causes
breast cancer.
7. Risks
•Your own personal history with cancer;
•The age at which your menstrual cycle began; how earlier your cycle began, how higher
the risk.
•The age at which you go through menopause; women who have their menopause after the
age of 55 are at higher risk of developing breast cancer.
•The age at which you give birth to your first child; the risk increases with older age, but if
you have first degree relatives with carcinoma of the breast, then risk age goes down.
•Your current age; The risk increases with age. Age is the biggest risk factor. (76% of
women who develop breast cancer had no other risk factors).
•Your race; Caucasian women have a slightly higher risk than Black, Hispanic, or Asian
women. (Chinese - Indian - Malay)