Breast cancer is a disease caused by malignant cells that grow in breast tissue. It is the second leading cause of death for women globally. Risk factors include family history, early menstruation, and age over 40. Symptoms include painless breast lumps, nipple discharge or changes to the breast skin or shape. Diagnosis involves clinical exams, mammograms, ultrasounds and sometimes MRI. Breast cancer stages range from Stage I (small tumor), to Stage IV (cancer has spread to distant organs). Steps to prevent breast cancer include avoiding alcohol, eating fruits and vegetables, and exercising regularly.
Breast cancer affects one in eight women during their lives. Breast cancer kills more women in the United States than any cancer except lung cancer. No one knows why some women get breast cancer, but there are a number of risk factors. Risks that you cannot change include:
Age - the chance of getting breast cancer rises, as a woman gets older
Genes - there are two genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, which greatly increase the risk. Women who have family members with breast or ovarian cancer may wish to be tested.
Personal factors - beginning periods before age 12 or going through menopause after age 55
Other risks include being overweight, using hormone replacement therapy (also called menopausal hormone therapy), taking birth control pills, drinking alcohol, not having children or having your first child after age 35 or having dense breasts.
Symptoms of breast cancer may include a lump in the breast, a change in size or shape of the breast or discharge from a nipple. Breast self-exam and mammography can help find breast cancer early when it is most treatable. Treatment may consist of radiation, lumpectomy, mastectomy, chemotherapy and hormone therapy.
Men can have breast cancer, too, but the number of cases is small.
breast cancer
cancer
epidemiology
community medicine
awareness of breast cancer
سرطان الثدي
وبائيات سرطان الثدي
epidemiology of breast cancer
prevention of breast cancer
risk factors of breast cancer
epidemiology of breast cancer in iraq
sign and symptoms of breast cancer
location of breast cancer
1 in 8 women will develop breast cancer in their lifetime. Breast cancer will claim more than 40,000 American lives in the year 2015. It is Myriad's mission to inform the world that we can save lives by becoming educated and proactive about breast cancer. For every day of October, Myriad presents a new fact or way to become involved in supporting the cause against breast cancer.
Breast cancer affects one in eight women during their lives. Breast cancer kills more women in the United States than any cancer except lung cancer. No one knows why some women get breast cancer, but there are a number of risk factors. Risks that you cannot change include:
Age - the chance of getting breast cancer rises, as a woman gets older
Genes - there are two genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, which greatly increase the risk. Women who have family members with breast or ovarian cancer may wish to be tested.
Personal factors - beginning periods before age 12 or going through menopause after age 55
Other risks include being overweight, using hormone replacement therapy (also called menopausal hormone therapy), taking birth control pills, drinking alcohol, not having children or having your first child after age 35 or having dense breasts.
Symptoms of breast cancer may include a lump in the breast, a change in size or shape of the breast or discharge from a nipple. Breast self-exam and mammography can help find breast cancer early when it is most treatable. Treatment may consist of radiation, lumpectomy, mastectomy, chemotherapy and hormone therapy.
Men can have breast cancer, too, but the number of cases is small.
breast cancer
cancer
epidemiology
community medicine
awareness of breast cancer
سرطان الثدي
وبائيات سرطان الثدي
epidemiology of breast cancer
prevention of breast cancer
risk factors of breast cancer
epidemiology of breast cancer in iraq
sign and symptoms of breast cancer
location of breast cancer
1 in 8 women will develop breast cancer in their lifetime. Breast cancer will claim more than 40,000 American lives in the year 2015. It is Myriad's mission to inform the world that we can save lives by becoming educated and proactive about breast cancer. For every day of October, Myriad presents a new fact or way to become involved in supporting the cause against breast cancer.
For more information, visit https://www.timberlandmedical.com
Timberland Medical Centre is a private hospital that has been in operation since 1994. We are strategically located at the 3rd Mile roundabout on Jalan Rock, Kuching, Sarawak, East Malaysia. Our hospital is 10 minutes from the Kuching International Airport and 15 minutes from the Central Bus Terminal. We continually seek to improve and upgrade our services and facilities, as we strive to provide the best medical care for our patients and customers.
Raising Awareness And Understanding of Breast CancerBanupriyaMBBSMD
October month is the Breast Cancer Awareness Month.
Breast cancer is cancer that occurs in the breast tissue. Signs of breast cancer may include a change in breast shape, fluid coming from the nipple, a lump in the breast,a newly-inverted nipple, or a red or scaly patch of skin. The most common types of breast cancer are Invasive lobular carcinoma and invasive ductal carcinoma.
Breast cancer is cancer that forms in the cells of the breasts. After skin cancer, breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women in the United States. Breast cancer can occur in both men and women, but it's far more common in women.
October is 'Breast Cancer Awareness' month. Cancer is scary but we can fight it. With a little bit of proactive action and awareness, you and I may be able to save lives. Do spread the word and help make the world a better place.
Why go for Early Breast Cancer Screening?Anita Arora
In cases of breast cancer there are numerous inevitable factors that lead to its onset like aging, genetic disorders and gender. Being a female is a big risk factor as the presence of estrogen and progesterone can result in breast cancer cells growth. In such cases early detection and breast cancer screening goes a long way in ensuring that the patient can undergo a successful treatment.
A Topic Where Every Woman Must Know. Early warning signs of breast cancer.knip xin
PLEASE LIKE AND COMMENT FOR ANY CONSTRUCTIVE CRITICISM. This power point presentation was made to raise awareness about breast cancer. Slides include definition of breast cancer, signs and symptoms, diagnostic exam, stages of breast cancer and treatment.
For more information, visit https://www.timberlandmedical.com
Timberland Medical Centre is a private hospital that has been in operation since 1994. We are strategically located at the 3rd Mile roundabout on Jalan Rock, Kuching, Sarawak, East Malaysia. Our hospital is 10 minutes from the Kuching International Airport and 15 minutes from the Central Bus Terminal. We continually seek to improve and upgrade our services and facilities, as we strive to provide the best medical care for our patients and customers.
Raising Awareness And Understanding of Breast CancerBanupriyaMBBSMD
October month is the Breast Cancer Awareness Month.
Breast cancer is cancer that occurs in the breast tissue. Signs of breast cancer may include a change in breast shape, fluid coming from the nipple, a lump in the breast,a newly-inverted nipple, or a red or scaly patch of skin. The most common types of breast cancer are Invasive lobular carcinoma and invasive ductal carcinoma.
Breast cancer is cancer that forms in the cells of the breasts. After skin cancer, breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women in the United States. Breast cancer can occur in both men and women, but it's far more common in women.
October is 'Breast Cancer Awareness' month. Cancer is scary but we can fight it. With a little bit of proactive action and awareness, you and I may be able to save lives. Do spread the word and help make the world a better place.
Why go for Early Breast Cancer Screening?Anita Arora
In cases of breast cancer there are numerous inevitable factors that lead to its onset like aging, genetic disorders and gender. Being a female is a big risk factor as the presence of estrogen and progesterone can result in breast cancer cells growth. In such cases early detection and breast cancer screening goes a long way in ensuring that the patient can undergo a successful treatment.
A Topic Where Every Woman Must Know. Early warning signs of breast cancer.knip xin
PLEASE LIKE AND COMMENT FOR ANY CONSTRUCTIVE CRITICISM. This power point presentation was made to raise awareness about breast cancer. Slides include definition of breast cancer, signs and symptoms, diagnostic exam, stages of breast cancer and treatment.
cancer of breast , this slide cointains detailed information about the breast cancer that is definition, causes and risk factor, sign and symptoms, management of patient with cancer , giving psychological support .treatment
Myths And Facts About Breast Cancer.
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in the world, with around 2.26 million new cases diagnosed each year. With around 0.7 million fatalities per year worldwide, it is one of the major causes of death among female cancer patients. It is quite common in those aged 25 to 70, with peak prevalence in women aged 50 to 69.
Breast cancer occurs when a pre-cancerous tumour progresses to a malignant tumour in a multi-stage process that is triggered by abnormal and uncontrolled growth of normal cells. These abnormalities are brought on by physical carcinogens (ultraviolet and ionising radiation), chemical carcinogens (alcohol, aflatoxin, tobacco smoke), and biological carcinogens (viral infections, bacteria, or parasites). Breast cancer risk is also increased by genetic factors. 5 to 10% of breast cancer instances are caused by genetic abnormalities passed down through a family’s generations.
Breast cancer its sympton, diagonosis and treatementArbab Usmani
As the name suggests, it is a cancer that affects the
breasts or mammary glands. In technical terms it is a carcinoma of the breast which is either ducal or lobar. It is a breast malignancy which is more prominent in females than males and is the second most frequent cause of cancer death.
This is a Guide about Breast Cancer
PDF Source - http://www.sastasundar.com/
Breast Carcinoma.
Breast cancer is a malignant (cancerous) tumor that starts in the cells of the breast and spread to other tissues.
The most common form of cancer among women
It is estimated that each year more than 83,000 cases of breast cancer are reported in Pakistan. Nearly 40,000 women die, just due to this deadly disease
Carcinoma of the breast occurs commonly in the western world,accounting for 3–5% of all deaths in women. In developing countries it accounts for 1–3% of death
The most common form of cancer among women
The second most common cause of cancer related mortality
1 of 8 women (12.2%)
Awareness session on breast cancer awareness on 21st oct 2021 at Mehran university, Jamshoro organized by American institute of Chemical engineering society AIChE MUET chapter
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
3. Breast cancer is a disease caused by
malignant cells (cancer) that grows in the
breast tissue.
These cells usually appear in the breast ducts
or lobula. Cancer cells can spread between
tissues or organs that exist and to other body
parts.
5. Breast cancer is the second biggest cause of deathfor women today. In
Singapore, one of 16 women will be diagnosed withbreast cancer in her lifetime. Chinese
womenhave a higherrisk comparedwithMalays or Indians approximately10%to
20%. The highest cases occurred in the age group55-59 years.
The risk of developing breast cancer increases withage. The good news now is that more
women are nowable to fight breast cancerbecause of earlydetection and improving the
qualityof treatment.
6.
7. Factors triggering this cancer is not yet known. But
this can be tracedfroma family history of breast
cancer, early menstrual cycle, or the possibility of
other riskfactors. Because it is so difficult to be sure,
each of us has the risk of breast cancer, especially
whenwe are aged40 years or more. Although the
causes are still unknown, but complete healing is
possible withearly detection through regular breast
examinations.
8. Signs of Breast Cancer:
• Anatomy of Breast
- Painless lumps in the breast
- Itching and rash are continuously around the -
nipple
- Bleeding or discharge from the nipple that is not usually
- Breast skin to swell and thicken
- Breast skin wrinkle or become concave
- Hilt sinking inside
11. Magnetic resonance imaging, MRI - In some cases,
patients should undergo MRI PET to obtain a
clearer examination resultsin the areaof
suspected cancer. This method is veryuseful for
youngerwomen because of the age they have
breast tissue densitygreater and conventional
visual testssuch as mammograms or ultrasounds
become less sensitive and specific for the detection
of breast cancer.
12. stage breast cancer
STADIUM 1
The tumor is still very small and
has not spread and there is no
point in lymph vessels
13. STADIUM IIa:
Patients in this condition:
•Tumor diameter less than or equal to 2 cm
and have been found at points in the lymph.
•channels in the armpit (axillary nodes limph)
•Tumor diameter larger than 2 cm but not
more than 5 cm. Has not spread to the points
lymph vessels in the armpit (axillary nodes
limph).
•No signs of tumors in the breast, but is found
at points in underarm lymph vessels.
14. • STADIUM IIB:
Patients in this condition:
1. The diameter of tumors larger than
2cm but not exceeding 5 cm.
• 2.The issuing spread at points in
underarm lymph vessels.
3.Diameter tumors larger than 5 cm
but has not spread.
15. • STADIUM III A:
Patients in this condition:
1. The diameter of tumors smaller than 5
centimeters and has spread to the
points in the underarm lymph vessels.
2. The diameter of the tumor is larger than
5 centimeters and has spread to the
points in the underarm lymph vessels.
16. STAGE III B:
The tumor has spread to the chest wall
or cause swelling can also fester in the
breast. Or diagnosed as Inflammatory
Breast Cancer.
Could have been or could also have
spread to the points on the lymph
vessels in the armpit and upper arm,
but did not spread to other parts of the
body organs.
17. • STADIUM IIIC:
As with stage IIIB, but has spread
to the points on the lymph vessels
in the group N3 (cancer has
spread more than 10 points below
the duct lymph collarbone).
18. • STADIUM 4:
The size of the tumor can be
whatever, but it has spread to
distant locations, namely:
Bones, lungs, liver or ribs.
19. Steps to Prevent Breast
Cancer
• 1.Avoid alcohol
The use of alcohol is the most established
for breast cancer. Health studies show
consuming more than one alcoholic drink a
day can increase the risk of breast cancer
as much as 20-25 percent.
Source: 10 Steps to Prevent Breast Cancer
http://bidanku.com/10-langkah-mencegah-
kanker-payudara#ixzz3JVbQrm4h
20. 2. Consuming fruits and vegetables
Eat seven or more servings of vegetables and fruit every day.
Vegetables for breast cancer protection include all vegetables
(broccoli, cabbage, brussels sprouts, cauliflower), greens
(collards, kale, spinach), carrots and tomatoes. Fruits that have
more content to prevent breast cancer is orange, berry and
cherry.
3. Exercise regularly
Many studies have shown that regular exercise provides
powerful protection against breast cancer. Do it for 30 minutes
to perform moderate aerobic activity (brisk walking) on a
regular basis