DETAILS ABOUT THE VARIOUS SIGNS & SYMPTOMS OF BREAST CANCER INCLUDING PRIMARY AS WELL SERIOUS SYMPTOMS. IMPORTANCE OF THESE SIGNS & SYMPTOMS FOR THE TREATMENT OF BREAST CANCER.

1. Cancer Research
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
OF BREAST CANCER

2. SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
OF BREAST CANCER
Mr. Shaktiprasad Pradhan
M.Pharm, Ph.D*
Research Professional, UDPS
shakti.pharma16@gmail.com
Utkal University, Bhubaneswar
Odisha, India

3. .
INTRODUCTION
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4. The Breast
The human female breast is an apocrine gland having
remarkable and complex structure.
Most part of a woman's breast consists of fat & connective
tissue, along with less conspicuous parts including milk
ducts, lobes, lobules, arteries and lymph nodes.
Each breast has 15 to 20 lobes (sections) & each lobe is
made up of many lobules (smaller structures) that end in
tiny bulbs that can produce milk.
Lobes, lobules & bulbs are linked by a network of thin
tubes, known as ducts.
Ducts carry milk from the bulbs, where it's produced,
toward the areola (dark area of skin in the center of the
breast). (Cont.)
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5. .
They join together into larger ducts ending at the
nipple, where milk becomes available to a hungry
infant.
The actual milk producing structures are nearly the
same in all women.
Space around the lobules and ducts are filled with
fatty tissue, ligaments and connective tissue.
Breast has no muscle tissue, but muscles do lie
underneath the breasts, separating them from ribs.
Oxygen, nutrients & other life sustaining nourishments
are delivered to breast tissues by the blood in arteries
and capillaries.
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6. Anatomy of a female breast
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1.Chest wall 2.Pectoralis muscles 3.Lobules 4.Nipple surface 5.Areola
6.Lactiferous duct tube 7.Fatty tissue 8.Skin.

7. .
BREAST CANCER
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8. Breast Cancer
Cancer is the most dreaded disease of the current time &
caused by abnormalities in the genetic material of the
cells due to the effects of carcinogens, such as tobacco
smoking & chewing, radiation, chemicals or infectious
agents etc.
Cancer is usually classified according to the tissue from
which the cancerous cells originate that is location as well
as the normal cell type they most resemble which is
histology.
Breast cancer is the cancer that starts in the cells of the
breast & the most common cause of cancer among
women worldwide, both in incidence and death.
(Cont.)
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9. Breast cancer causes change in the size or shape of the
breast, a lump or thickening in the breast or armpit,
discharge from the nipple, change in the colour or texture
of the skin of the breast or areola such as scaly, dimpled,
puckered or wrinkled.
Simple Breast Cancer
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.

10. .
Breast cancer is the second most common type of
cancer and the fifth most common cause of cancer
death globally apart from sexes.
In India Breast cancer, is the most extensive cancer
category contributing about 18% of all cancers & 27% of
all women malignancies worldwide according to the
World Health Organization (WHO).
Breast cancer is increasing particularly in developing
countries where the majority of cases are diagnosed in
late stages.
However, breast cancer is the most detectable & most
treatable kind of cancer among all human malignancies.
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11. .
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
OF BREAST CANCER
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12. Signs & Symptoms of Breast Cancer
The signs are practically that, the patient and others
can detect, like a rash or swelling.
The symptoms are only felt by the patient, and are
described to the physician, such as a headache or
pain.
The first symptoms of breast cancer are usually an
area of thickened tissue in the woman's breast, or a
lump.
The majority of lumps are not cancerous but women
should get them checked after knowing any
symptoms for the breast cancer.
Breast cancer can cause changes in the skin of the
breast causing tenderness, feelings of mild to severe
pain & discomfort in the breast. 12

13. .Primarily some the following signs or symptoms
may be detected in breast cancer.
A lump in a breast.
A pain in the armpits or breast that does not
seem to be related to the woman's menstrual
period.
Pitting or redness of the skin of the breast, like
the skin of an orange.
A rash around or on, one of the nipples.
A swelling (lump) in one of the armpits.
An area of thickened tissue in a breast.
One of the nipples has a discharge, sometimes
containing blood.
(Cont.) 13

14. . The nipple changes in appearance, it may
become sunken or inverted.
The size or the shape of the breast changes.
The nipple-skin or breast-skin may have started
to peel, scale or flake.
However if any of the following symptoms is
noticed in the breasts & that persists for 2-3 weeks
or more, then women should get them checked as
these are serious symptoms.
Swelling, soreness or rash.
Warmth, redness or darkening.
Change in size or shape.
Dimpling or puckering of skin.
Itchy, scaly sore or rash on nipple. (Cont.) 14

15. .
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16. . Nipple that becomes flat or inverted.
Nipple discharge.
New, persistent pain in one spot.
Persistent itching.
Bumps that resemble bug bites.
A lump, particularly one that feels like a
frozen pea.
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17. .
IMPORTANCE OF
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
OF BREAST CANCER
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18. Importance of Signs & Symptoms of Breast Cancer
It is very important not to ignore any signs or
symptoms like changes to the skin texture, size and
shape of the breast as that could be due to breast
cancer.
Identifying as well reporting signs & symptoms of
breast cancer at an earliest is crucial because these
are potentially lifesaving informations.
By knowing the signs & symptoms, early detection
of breast cancer may be done which can provide the
best chance of effective treatment including a
number of available treatment options, increased
survival rate & improved quality of life.
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19. .
REFERENCES
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20. References
 World Health Organization, International Agency for
Research on Cancer, 2020.
 American Cancer Society: Breast cancer overview. 2020.
 Pradhan, Tripathi, Pradhan, Nature an Immunobooster for
Breast Cancer, Book. Partridge India Publication, 2015.
 www.nationalbreastcancer.org/about-breast-cancer/
 www.cancer.net/cancer-types/breast-cancer/introduction.
 Pradhan D., et al., Inhibition of proteasome activity by the
dietary flavonoid Quercetin associated with growth
inhibition in cultured breast cancer cells and xenografts.
JYP.2015, 7(3): 225-233.
 Pradhan S., et al., Antiproliferation activity of Ocimum
gratissimum aqueous extract on human breast cancer
MCF-7 cell line. WJPR, 2018, 7(9): 421-428.
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21. .
Thank You
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