Atumor,orneoplasm(literally,newgrowth),isamassofcellsthatgrowsindependentlyofthe
restofthebody.Inotherwords,itisa cancer. Various types of brain damage and disorders are described such as tumors, strokes, cerebral hemorrhage, aneurysms, cerebral ischemia, closed-head injuries, infections, toxins, and genetic factors. Epilepsy is described as a chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity that can be caused by brain damage, genes, or faults in inhibitory synapses.

1. Atumor,orneoplasm(literally,
newgrowth),isamassofcellsthat
growsindependentlyofthe rest
ofthebody.Inotherwords,itisa
cancer.
TUMOR

2. Tumorsthatgrowbetweenthe
meningesarecalled?
MENINGIOMAS

3. Tumorsthatgrowwithintheir
ownmembrane
ENCAPSULATED
TUMORS

4. Tumorsthataresurgically
removablewithlittleriskoffurther
growthinthebody
BENIGNTUMORS

5. Strokesaresudden-onset
cerebrovasculardisordersthat
causebraindamage
STROKES

6. Commonconsequences
ofstroke
Amnesia
Aphasia
Paralysis
Coma

7. Theareaofdeadordyingtissue
producedbyastrokeiscalled?
INFARCT

8. Surroundingtheinfarctisa
dysfunctionalareacalled
PENUMBRA

9. Cerebralhemorrhage(bleedingin
thebrain)occurswhenacerebral
bloodvesselrupturesandblood
seepsintothesurroundingneural
tissueanddamagesit
CEREBRAL
HEMORRHAGE

10. Ananeurysmisapathological
balloonlikedilationthatformsin
thewallofanarteryatapoint
wheretheelasticityoftheartery
wallisdefective
ANEURYSM

11. Cerebralischemiaisadisruptionof
thebloodsupplytoanareaofthe
brain
CEREBRAL
ISCHEMIA

12. Causesofcerebral
ischemia
Thrombosis
Embolism
Arteriosclerosis

13. Braininjuriesproducedbyblows
thatdonotpenetratetheskullare
calledclosed-headinjuries
CLOSEDHEAD
INJURIES

14. Contusionsareclosed-headinjuries
thatinvolvedamagetothecerebral
circulatorysystem
CONTUSIONS

15. Ahematomaisalocalized
collectionofclottedbloodinan
organortissue-inotherwords,a
bruise
HEMATOMA

16. Thespacebetweentheduramater
andarachnoidmembrane
SUBDURALSPACE

17. Contrecoupinjuriesisthattheblow
causesthebraintostriketheinside
oftheskullontheothersideofthe
head
CONTRECOUP
INJURIES

18. Whenthereisadisturbanceof
consciousnessfollowingablowto
theheadandthereisnoevidenceof
acontusionorotherstructural
damage,thediagnosisis
concussion
CONCUSSION

19. Aninvasionofthebrainby
microorganismsisabrain
infection,andtheresulting
inflammationisencephalitis
ENCEPHALITIS

20. Thesyndromeofinsanityand
dementiathatresultsfroma
syphiliticinfectioniscalled
generalparesis
GENERALPARESIS

21. Syphilisbacteriaarepassedfrom
infectedtononinfectedindividuals
throughcontactwithgenitalsores
SYPHILIS

22. Neuronsandothercellshave
geneticprogramsfordestroying
themselvesbyaprocesscalled
apoptosis
APOPTOSIS

23. CAUSESOFBRAIN
DAMAGE
Tumors
Cerebrovasculardisorders
Closed-headinjuries
Infections
Toxins
Geneticfactors

24. Apartialseizureisaseizurethat
doesnotinvolvetheentirebrain
PARTIALSEIZURES

25. Simplepartialseizuresarepartial
seizureswhosesymptomsare
primarilysensoryormotororboth;
theyaresometimescalled
Jacksonianseizuresafterthe
famous19th-centuryneurologist
HughlingsJackson.
SIMPLEPARTIAL
SEIZURES

26. Duringacomplexpartialseizure,
thepatientengagesincompulsive,
repetitive,simplebehaviors
commonlyreferredtoas?
AUTOMATISMS

27. 
PRIMARY
SYMPTOMSOF
TONIC-CLONIC
SEIZURE
Lossofconsciousness
Lossofequilibrium
Violenttonic-clonic
convulsion

28. Shortageofoxygensupplyto
tissue
HYPOXIA

29. Absenceseizuresarenot
associatedwithconvulsions;their
primarybehavioralsymptomisa
disruptionofconsciousnessthatis
associatedwithacessationof
ongoingbehavior,avacantlook,
andsometimesflutteringeyelids
Symptomofabsence
seizure

30. Symptomsof
Parkinson’sdisease
Tremor
Sleep
Muscularrigidity
Difficultyinitiating
movement
Slownessofmovement
Masklikeface

31. Atreatmentinwhichlow-intensity
electricalstimulationiscontinually
appliedtoanareaofthebrain
throughastereotaxicallyimplanted
electrode
DEEPBRAIN
STIMULATION

32. Anucleusthatliesjustbeneaththe
thalamusandisconnectedtothe
basalganglia
SUBTHALAMIC
NUCLEUS

33. Huntington’sdiseaseispassed
fromgenerationtogenerationbya
singledominantgene,called
huntingtin.
HUNTINGTON’S
DISEASE

34. Multiplesclerosis(MS)isa
progressivediseasethatattacksthe
myelinofaxonsintheCNS
MULTIPLE
SCLEROSIS

35. Adisorderinwhichthebody’s
immunesystemattackspartof
thebody,asifitwereaforeign
substance
AUTOIMMUNE
DISORDER

36. SYMPTOMSOF
MULTIPLE
SCLEROSIS
Visualdisturbances
Muscularweakness
Numbness
Tremor
Ataxia(lossofmotor
coordination)

37. Epidemiologyisthestudyofthe
variousfactors,suchasdiet,
geographiclocation,age,sex,and
racethatinfluencethe
distributionofadiseaseinthe
generalpopulation.
EPIDEMIOLOGY

38. CHARACTERISTICS
OFALZHEIMER’S
DISEASE
Neurofibrillarytangles
Amyloidplaques

39. Thepunch-drunksyndromeisthe
dementia(generalintellectual
deterioration)andcerebral
scarringobservedinboxersand
otherindividualswhoexperience
repeatedconcussions
PUNCH-DRUNK
SYNDROME

40. Aconditionaffectingthe
nervoussystem,oftencaused
bylong-termuseofsome
psychiatricdrugs
TARDIVE
DYSKINESIA

41. Ageneticchromosome21
disordercausingdevelopmental
andintellectualdelays
DOWNSYNDROME

42. Aplugformsinthebrain.
THROMBOSIS

43. Aplugformselsewhereandmove
tothebrain
EMBOLISM

44. Wallofbloodvesselsthicken,
usuallyduetofatdeposits
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS

45. Mayentergeneralcirculationfrom
theGItractorlungs,orthroughthe
skin
NEUROTOXINS

46. Chronicinsanityproducedbya
neurotoxin
TOXICPSYCHOSIS

47. Chronicbraindisorder
characterizedbyrecurrentseizure
activity
EPILEPSY

48. CAUSESOF
EPILEPSY
Braindamage
Genes
faultsatinhibitory
synapses

49. Amovementdisorderofmiddle
andoldageaffectingabout.5%of
thepopulation,withthemost
commonsymptomofthefull-
blowndisorderbeingtremorsat
rest
PARKINSON’S
DISEASE

50. Duetothediversityand
complexityofepilepticseizures
Whyisepilepsydifficult
todiagnose?